Biotechnological Systems Research Articles

Оптимізація біотехнологічних систем

The article considers the issues of software and hardware development for the automatization of the design of multilayer biotechnological systems that contain sources of thermal load, including sources of scanned laser radiation. The object of the authors' research is a multilayer microbiological material under the action of laser radiation sources. The purpose of the study is to develop principles for building software and hardware to improve the quality of the action process by taking into account the multilayer structure of the material under study and the technical parameters of the emitters. The authors present the main optimization problem of finding rational parameters of laser beam action on multilayer microbiological material taking into account restrictions on the resulting temperature field of the material to control the use of technical resources of emitters and ensure the viability of segments of microbiological material. It should be stated that to calculate and optimize the temperature of the laser, as well as the technical parameters of the radiators, in connection with the multilayer structure of the object, the authors propose to use a system of non-stationary, inhomogeneous, multidimensional differential equations of thermal conductivity with appropriate initial, boundary and conjugation conditions. layers of microbiological material. These features require significant time in the implementation of the procedure for solving a series of boundary value problems and providing an iterative process of finding rational parameters of thermal exposure. Therefore, it is advisable to implement this procedure on a specialized network analog or hybrid model. This will significantly reduce the time to solve edge problems at each iteration, which will increase the accuracy of solving the entire problem of finding laser parameters.

Semisynthesis of Human Ribonuclease-S.

Since its conception, the ribonuclease S complex (RNase S) has led to historic discoveries in protein chemistry, enzymology, and related fields. Derived by the proteolytic cleavage of a single peptide bond in bovine pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase A), RNase S serves as a convenient and reliable model system for incorporating unlimited functionality into an enzyme. Applications of the RNase S system in biomedicine and biotechnology have, however, been hindered by two shortcomings: (1) the bovine-derived enzyme could elicit an immune response in humans, and (2) the complex is susceptible to dissociation. Here, we have addressed both limitations in the first semisynthesis of an RNase S conjugate derived from human pancreatic ribonuclease and stabilized by a covalent interfragment cross-link. We anticipate that this strategy will enable unprecedented applications of the "RNase-S" system.

Sistem Pengaturan pada Ruang Proses Fermentasi Tape Menggunakan Metode Fuzzy Logic

Salah satu pengolahan makanansecara tradisional yang dilakukan adalah fermentasi.sebagai media peletakan singkong yang akanFermentasi telah lama dilakukan dan merupakansalah satu cara pemrosesan bentuk pengawetanmakanan tertua. Pembuatan tape singkong padaUKM Tape Istimewa sebagai mitra pada pengerjaanskripsi hingga saat ini masih menggunakan sistembioteknologi konversional dengan menggunakancara-cara yang terbatas. Fermentasi masihmenggunakan alat seadanya diproses. Alat inimerupakan prototype untuk memaksimalkanpengaturan suhu dan sirkulasi udara pada ruangproses fermentasi tape singkong. Di maksimalkanuntuk membantu petani membuat tape yang lebihbaik. Penggunaan lampu AC 25 watt untukmenaikkan dan menurunkan suhu pada ruang. Selainitu juga digunakan kipas DC 12 Volt sebanyak duabuah sebagai pengatur sirkulasi udara. Dalam alat inimenggunakan DHT 11 sebagai sensor utama untukmengetahui nilai suhu dan kelembapan.Mikrokontroller pada alat ini menggunakanATMEGA 16 sebagai pusat pengendalian sistembedasarkan pembacaan sensor. Alat inimenghasilkan sebuah sinkronisasi antara suhu dansirkulasi udara yang baik sehingga mengoptimalkanproses fermentasi tape. Dengan demikian dapatmenghasilkan produk tape yang baik. Prinsip kerjadari alat ini adalah menstabilkan suhu pada set point36º C. Dari hasil pembacaan sensor DHT11didapatkan error 1,1% sehingga dapat dikatakanbaik, pengujian pada sistem menggunakan metodeFuzzy Logic dan set point suhu 36º C di dapatkanerror sebesar 1,1% sampai 1,4%, ini membuktikanbahwa sistem dapat bekerja dengan baik dan mampumenjaga kestabilan set point.

Sensor Micro and Nanoparticles for Microfluidic Application

Micro and nanoparticles are not only understood as components of materials but as small functional units too. Particles can be designed for the primary transduction of physical and chemical signals and, therefore, become a valuable component in sensing systems. Due to their small size, they are particularly interesting for sensing in microfluidic systems, in microarray arrangements and in miniaturized biotechnological systems and microreactors, in general. Here, an overview of the recent development in the preparation of micro and nanoparticles for sensing purposes in microfluidics and application of particles in various microfluidic devices is presented. The concept of sensor particles is particularly useful for combining a direct contact between cells, biomolecules and media with a contactless optical readout. In addition to the construction and synthesis of micro and nanoparticles with transducer functions, examples of chemical and biological applications are reported.

Advances and Applications of Clostridium Co-culture Systems in Biotechnology

Clostridium spp. are important microorganisms that can degrade complex biomasses such as lignocellulose, which is a widespread and renewable natural resource. Co-culturing Clostridium spp. and other microorganisms is considered to be a promising strategy for utilizing renewable feed stocks and has been widely used in biotechnology to produce bio-fuels and bio-solvents. In this review, we summarize recent progress on the Clostridium co-culture system, including system unique advantages, composition, products, and interaction mechanisms. In addition, biochemical regulation and genetic modifications used to improve the Clostridium co-culture system are also summarized. Finally, future prospects for Clostridium co-culture systems are discussed in light of recent progress, challenges, and trends.

Control and management in a complex biotechnical system of a dairy farm

The research is aimed at profound study of the influence of the "machine" factor (M) in the "human-machineanimal" system ("H-M-A") with the detailed description of the functions performed by "M", taking into account the convey of "M" control and control functions from the subsystems "human-operator" (HO) and "animal" (A). The paper presents the scheme of transformation and expansion of machine functionality in a biotechnical system; mathematical modeling of the dependence of technological signals controlled by the functions of local biotechnological systems (LBTS); mathematical model of diagnostic signals about the corresponding parameters of technical blocks of LBTS. Algorithmization and digitalization of processes on a dairy farm include an extended list of control indicators: technological signals, diagnostic signals and "alarm" signals presented in the article in matrix form. Monitoring the parameters of the most important subsystem "M" of the complex biotechnical system "H-M-A" of a dairy farm provides an increase in the level of automation, digitalization and intellectualization of the corresponding processes of milking, feeding, manure removal and others which creates prerequisites for improving their work and servicing animals as well as increasing the level of autonomy of their functioning. The development of the "machine" factor of the system is advisable on the basis of the machine-centric model of the LBTS, which will gradually expand its functions due to the transferred control and management functions from the corresponding subsystems "HO" and "A". The control parameters are determined at the characteristic reference points of the quarter curves of milk output for the development of refined algorithms for controlling the milking processes of individual udder shares in automated and robotic milking machines of the new generation. A graphical and numerical model of a wheeled feed-pusher robot in the Matlab/Simulink environment is shown. The created mathematical model of motion control by a wheeled feed-pusher robot provides effective interaction of the positioning system and the wheeedl robot drive in digital of autonomous movement.

Long-run bacteria-phage coexistence dynamics under natural habitat conditions in an environmental biotechnology system.

Bacterial viruses are widespread and abundant across natural and engineered habitats. They influence ecosystem functioning through interactions with their hosts. Laboratory studies of phage-host pairs have advanced our understanding of phenotypic and genetic diversification in bacteria and phages. However, the dynamics of phage-host interactions have been seldom recorded in complex natural environments. We conducted an observational metagenomic study of the dynamics of interaction between Gordonia and their phages using a three-year data series of samples collected from a full-scale wastewater treatment plant. The aim was to obtain a comprehensive picture of the coevolution dynamics in naturally evolving populations at relatively high time resolution. Coevolution was followed by monitoring changes over time in the CRISPR loci of Gordonia metagenome-assembled genome, and reciprocal changes in the viral genome. Genome-wide analysis indicated low strain variability of Gordonia, and almost clonal conservation of the trailer end of the CRISPR loci. Incorporation of newer spacers gave rise to multiple coexisting bacterial populations. The host population carrying a shorter CRISPR locus that contain only ancestral spacers, which has not acquired newer spacers against the coexisting phages, accounted for more than half of the total host abundance in the majority of samples. Phages genome co-evolved by introducing directional changes, with no preference for mutations within the protospacer and PAM regions. Metagenomic reconstruction of time-resolved variants of host and viral genomes revealed how the complexity at the population level has important consequences for bacteria-phage coexistence.

Grain size and other agronomical traits variation in a winter wheat population of doubled haploid lines

In wheat, the size of the grain, respectively its dimensions as well as degree of filled, are important characteristics on which depends both the weight of the grain and yield of flour, the quality of milling and baking as well as the production capacity of the respective genotype. This paper presents the results obtained by studying for three years, under field condition, 85 doubled haploid (DH) lines obtained from the F1’s of ‘G.603-86’ (large grains genotype) × ‘F.132’ (normal grains genotype) crosses using biotechnological Zea system. The environmental conditions of the three years had an important contribution on the genotype × year interaction, which showed also a higher influence on 1000 kernel weight (TKW). The variability of plant height and ear emergence data was also affected to a similar extent by this interaction. Based on the performed results and analyses, were highlighted lines which show high and stable values of TKW (54-64 g), associated with a plants height of approximately 85-100 cm and an ear emergence from May 11 to 17, under some climatic conditions similar to the period of study. These doubled haploids lines can be considered as promising genotypes for using in wheat breeding programs in order to improve yield performances under temperate continental climate conditions.

An Experimentally Evaluated Thermodynamic Approach to Estimate Growth of Photoheterotrophic Purple Non-sulfur Bacteria.

Distribution of energy during the growth and formation of useful chemicals by microorganisms can define the overall performance of a biotechnological system. However, to date, this distribution has not been used to reliably predict growth characteristics of phototrophic microorganisms. The presented research addresses this application by estimating the photon-associated Gibbs energy delivered for the photoheterotrophic growth of purple non-sulfur bacteria and production of dihydrogen. The approach is successfully evaluated with the data from a fed-batch growth of Rhodopseudomonas palustris nifA∗ fixing N2 gas in phototrophic conditions and a reliable prediction of growth characteristics is demonstrated. Additionally, literature-available experimental data is collected and used for evaluation of the presented thermodynamic approach to predict photoheterotrophic growth yields. A proposed thermodynamic framework with modification to account for the phototrophic growth can be used to predict growth rates in broader environmental niches and to assess the possibility for the development of novel biotechnological applications in light-induced biological systems.

Development of a biomechanical robotic orthopedic apparatus with a corset based on composite materials

The article presents the results of a comprehensive study on the creation of a biomechanically based robotic orthopedic apparatus (ROA) with a lack of functionality for limb removal. A number of biomechanical schemes of the biotechnological system “man-ROA” have been developed, as well as a control system for the motor functions of ROA. Electromyographic signals were chosen as controllers. A microprocessor control system has been developed. The typical actions of the ROA user are defined. The software of a neuro-controlled node has been developed. Design, manufacture and debugging of a neuro-controlled unit and ROA in general was completed. The use of composite materials made it possible to improve the biomechanical characteristics of walking and reduce the energy consumption of the entire biotechnological system.

Intelligent Control Systems for Dynamic Mixing Processes in Seed Processing Machines with Highly Elastic Working Bodie

Introduction. The development of intelligent control systems by means of various production and technological processes is an urgent problem. Pre-sowing seed treatment is an important agricultural process, without which it is impossible to get a planned harvest of high quality. Materials and Methods. To create an intelligent system for control of seed mixing processes in seed processing machines before sowing, the technological process of pre-sowing treatment should be considered as a multi-level biotechnical system. There is a relationship between the objects of the biotechnological system in the process of pre-sowing seed treatment that can be represented in the form of a block diagram. A multi-level biotechnological system is considered as a cyber-physical system – a combination of various natural and artificial objects which is a single whole capable of self-preservation and development. Results. The components of an intelligent system for controlling dynamic mixing processes will be working memory, many fuzzy rules describing the execution of mixing operations, and a strategy for selecting rules depending on the state of the system. In developing the intelligent mixing process control system, a return strategy is implemented. The strategy of dynamic mixing system control is implemented by a direct conclusion. Discussion and Conclusion. The intelligent biotechnology control system will allow controlling the mixing process in real-time, correcting the kinematic parameters of the mixer and warning timely about the probability of damage for the elastic working element. Preliminary expert assessments and laboratory tests have shown that the use of an intelligent control system for seed treatment processes before sowing will improve the quality of the decisions made, reduce the control time of the mixing process by more than two times compared to existing control methods, reduce the physical load on the operator by 50% and increase the productivity of the mixing process by up to 20%.

Biotechnological production of silymarin in Silybum marianum L.: A review

Abstract Biotechnology approaches applied through plant tissue culture of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.) can contribute to the production of biologically active substances, micropropagation and the study of genes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of silymarin. The fruits (achenes) of S. marianum contain a mixture of flavonolignans, collectively known as silymarin, a high value hepatoprotectant. Because of its high biological activities, the increasing pharmaceutical demand for silymarin has made it an important target to study its production through biotechnological systems. In vitro cell, tissue and organ cultures of medicinal plants provide an appropriate solution for the problems correlated to conventional production in the open field. However, the productivity of silymarin through different biotechnological systems is low in comparison to field production, which requires more efforts and attempts in this regard. Elicitation strategy has substantially enhanced the accumulation of silymarin substances in callus, cell and hairy root cultures, providing a continuous and promising production of such high value natural derived compounds in large-scale through bioreactor system. Few investigations have focused on studying the bioengineering of key genes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of silymarin in S. marianum plant. These studies have provided a rational approach and new insights into the regulation of silymarin biosynthetic pathway to improve the biotechnological production of silymarin and flavonoids through plant tissue culture system. This review comprehensively summarizes the recent advances on various approaches of biotechnology of S. marianum plant and discusses the advantages and possible challenges, which will provide useful clues and strategies to overcome the problems correlated to each. A brief description of the phytochemistry of milk thistle, biosynthesis of silymarin components and biological activity of in vitro cultures was also reviewed.

A Novel Method to Reveal a Ureolytic Biofilm Attachment and In Situ Growth Monitoring by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy.

The formation of biofilms capable of efficiently carrying out ureolysis is of fundamental importance in several biotechnological systems such as urinary tract infections, building materials and municipal wastewater treatment. This work proposes a straightforward method for the formation of a ureolytic biofilm attached to graphite. The proposed strategy reduced the time needed to complete ureolysis to 3days instead of 16days required in suspension culture. To confirm the formation of a ureolytic biofilm, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy studies were employed ex situ. However, it is imperative to analyse the biofilm by direct non-invasive techniques. Accordingly, open circuit potential (OCP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used as in situ monitoring techniques. The reduction in OCP from - 0.01 to - 0.2V vs. Ag/AgCl and the increase in capacitance from 200 to 260μFcm-2 were related to biofilm attachment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time in which a ureolytic biofilm attachment has been analysed by EIS. The increase in the biomass from 0.04 to 2.81μm3μm-2 and in average thickness from 10.19 to 32.78μm was related to biofilm maturation.

Sustainable food security: Biotechnology and seeds systems in Asia and Africa (USDA)

Federal Grants & ContractsVolume 44, Issue 16 p. 7-7 Grant Alerts Sustainable food security: Biotechnology and seeds systems in Asia and Africa (USDA) First published: 14 July 2020 https://doi.org/10.1002/fgc.31201Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume44, Issue1616 July 2020Pages 7-7 RelatedInformation

Current status on applications of conventional breeding techniques and biotechnological system in ornamentals

Current status on applications of conventional breeding techniques and biotechnological system in ornamentals

Characterization of Chlorella vulgaris (Trebouxiophyceae) associated microbial communities1.

Microalgae exhibit extensive potential for counteracting imminent challenges in the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and biomaterial sectors, but lack economic viability. Biotechnological systems for contamination control could advance the economic viability of microalgal feedstock, but the selection of suitable strains that sustainably promote microalgal productivity remains challenging. In this study, total diversity in phototrophic Chlorella vulgaris cultures was assessed by amplicon sequencing comparing cultures subjected to five different cultivation conditions. Overall, 12 eukaryotic and 53 prokaryotic taxa were identified; Alphaproteobacteria (36.7%) dominated the prokaryotic and C. vulgaris (97.2%) the eukaryotic community. Despite altering cultivation conditions, 2 eukaryotic and 40 prokaryotic taxa remained stably associated with C. vulgaris; diversity between systems did not significantly differ (P > 0.05). Among those, 20 cultivable taxa were isolated and identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. Subsequently, controlled co‐cultures were investigated showing stable associations of C. vulgaris with Sphingopyxis sp. and Pseudomonas sp.. Out‐competition of C. vulgaris due to ammonium or phosphate limitation was not observed, despite significantly elevated growth of Sphingopyxis sp. and Tistrella sp.. (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, C. vulgaris growth was impaired by Tistrella sp.. Hence, the study provides a selection of stable indigenous prokaryotes and eukaryotes for artificially tailoring microbial biocenoses. Following a bottom‐up approach, it provides a base for controlled co‐cultures and thus the establishment of even more complex biocenoses using interkingdom assemblages. Such assemblages can benefit from functional richness for improved nutrient utilization, as well as bacterial load control, which can enhance microalgal feedstock production through improved culture stability and productivity.

Investigation of JC Polyomavirus (JCV) Genome in Colorectal Cancer Patients from Iran

Background: JC polyomavirus (JCV) is an epitheliotropic and neurotropic virus that identified in relationship with some devastating complications such as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and linked to colorectal cancer. The aim of current study was to identify the prevalence of JCV in colorectal cancer for the first time in Iran. Methods: This retrospective case-control study was conducted by the hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran from 2011 to 2016. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks were used for DNA extraction by QIAamp® DNA FFPE Tissue Kit. The SYBER Green Real-time PCR assay performed by specific primers for JCV T-Large Ag. Melting curve analysis used for evaluation of amplification specificity. Positive control cloned in pTZ57R/T plasmid by Generay Biotechnology system. Results: Of 157 specimens 66 were colorectal cancer by the mean age (y) ± std. deviation 59.35±14.48 and 91 healthy control by the mean age (y) ± std. deviation 57.21±14.66. All 157 specimens tested for JCV T-Large Ag gene by Real-time PCR method and we found that there was not any positive result although the melting analysis showed specificity of positive control amplification. Conclusion: Low prevalence of JCV infection in Iranian CRC population confirmed by the current study results; there was not any JCV positive result in CRC and healthy control groups. Further studies by broader and different populations are recommended.

Интенсификация процессов биотехнологических систем при ультразвуковом воздействии

ENERGY AND AUTOMATION OPEN JOURNAL SYSTEMS LANGUAGE Select Language English FONT SIZE ABOUT THE AUTHORS V. Shtepa POLESSKY STATE UNIVERSITY A. Kozir POLESSKY STATE UNIVERSITY A. Novosad National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” N. Zaiets National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine ARTICLE TOOLS Print this article Indexing metadata How to cite item Finding References Email this article Email the author Journal Help USER You are logged in as... sinyavsky2008 My Journals My Profile Log Out INFORMATION For Readers For Authors For Librarians NOTIFICATIONS View (735 new) Manage Example of bibliographic description The list of journals included in scientometric databases: - Scopus (Uкraine, Belarus, Poland, Russia); - Іndex Copernicus; - Web of Sciense (humanities, natural sciences, social sciences); - РІНЦ. Search algorithm and calculation scientometric indicator: - Scopus; - Publish or Perish; - Google Scholar; - SNIP-іndex journal. SOCIAL NETWORKS HOME ABOUT USER HOME SEARCH CURRENT ARCHIVES STATISTICS REMINDER FOR AUTHORS Home &gt; No 3 (2020) &gt; Shtepa INTENSIFICATION OF PROCESSES OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEMS UNDER ULTRASONIC IMPACT V. Shtepa, A. Kozir, A. Novosad, N. Zaiets ABSTRACT The research methodology for anaerobic whey fermentation was based on the fact that the community of methane-forming microorganisms consists of three types of bacteria, and the efficiency of biogas plants depends on various factors, one of which is the uniformity and homogeneity of the mass loaded into the bioreactor. When checking the effect of cavitation ultrasonic treatment on milk whey, laboratory biogas plants were justified and created, with the help of which the effect of treatment on the release of biogas and the acceleration of the rate of its production was studied. The research methodology for intensifying the growth of microgreens was based on the fact that when treated with ultrasound, seeds are disinfected, covered with microcracks from 1 to 10 microns, which leads to an increase in the flow of water and air to the seeds, and seed germination is also accelerated. The seeds of rape variety "Hephaestus" were treated in a glass flask with a volume of 1000 ml. Water from a closed water supply unit, where the Lena sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) was grown, was used as a working medium. In both cases, an electrical unit operating at a frequency of 22 kHz (power up to 76 W) was used as a source of ultrasound. Microgreen samples, which were treated with ultrasound, showed a practical result of an increase of up to 78 % (power 42 W) from ideal, and when processing with a higher power, the increase reached 97% (power 76 W). An analysis of the germination rate of samples with the same processing power showed that in samples in which the processing time was longer, the percentage of germination was higher: by 5 % when processing with a power of 76 W, and by 3 % when processing with a power of 42 W. The results obtained substantiated further research in the direction of constructing adaptive control systems for ultrasonic intensification of biotechnological processes based on artificial intelligence.

NMR techniques in studying water in biotechnological systems.

Different NMR methodologies have been considered in studying water as a part of the structure of heterogeneous biosystems. The current work mostly describes NMR techniques to investigate slow translational dynamics of molecules affecting anisotropic properties of polymers and biomaterials. With these approaches, information about organized structures and their stability could be obtained in conditions when external factors affect biomolecules. Such changes might include rearrangement of macromolecular conformations at fabrication of nano-scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. The changes in water-fiber interactions could be mirrored by the magnetic resonance methods in various relaxations, double-quantum filtered (DQF), 1D and 2D translational diffusion experiments. These findings effectively demonstrate the current state of NMR studies in applying these experiments to the various systems with the anisotropic properties. For fibrous materials, it is shown how NMR correlation experiments with two gradients (orthogonal or collinear) encode diffusion coefficients in anisotropic materials and how to estimate the permeability of cell walls. It is considered how the DQF NMR technique discovers anisotropic water in natural polymers with various cross-links. The findings clarify hydration sites, dynamic properties, and binding of macromolecules discovering the role of specific states in improving scaffold characteristics in tissue engineering processes. Showing the results in developing these NMR tools, this review focuses on the ways of extracting information about biophysical properties of biomaterials from the NMR data obtained.

EXAMPLE OF EXPERIMENTAL CALCULATIONS OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ACTION AS A SYSTEM

The materials presented of innovative development opportunities determining the general experimental examples of the operation of ideal mixing chemical reactors in order to increase the efficiency of their functioning in the chemical and food industries, as well as in biotechnological systems. The developments have been carried out with the aim of selecting modern highly efficient science-based technologies: 1) types of technology and their regularities, taking into account specific heat exchange stages; 2) at different stages of design and justification of equipment models. Examples and some features of possible solutions are presented, which are based on experimental data of the development of process mechanisms and their scientific substantiation in the form of objects of technology. A review of the literature and the necessary articles written on the subject: as technologies develop and become more complex, energy needs increase greatly; identified possible areas of work in obtaining the necessary information and results. The materials are devoted to the results of researches of properties of technical and technological innovations of modern systems as object studies the possibility of complex properties in the development system increasing the economic efficiency of new sources.