Biomass Energy Sources Research Articles

Perbandingan Efisiensi Penggunaan Bahan Bakar Antara Arang Kayu dan Gas LPG Pada PLTU Tekanan Rendah

Sources of electrical energy is a basic need in life, both in industry and the necessities of life. Along with the depletion of fossil energy, it is necessary to develop a biomass energy source as a fuel for electrical energy. For this reason, this study aims to create innovative power plants using biomass energy as fuel. The steam turbine is a prime mover that converts the potential energy of steam into kinetic energy and then converts it into mechanical energy in the form of a turbine shaft rotation, directly or with the help of a reduction gear, connected to the mechanism to be driven. In a study to analyze the performance of a steam turbine with gas fuel and wood charcoal. Wood charcoal is activated carbon from combustion, which in this study uses wet steam to drive the shaft with variations in pressure (7Bar, 6Bar, 5Bar and 4Bar). From the results of the study, the maximum power produced by a laboratory-scale steam turbine is 20.84 Watt at a given pressure of 7 Bar and the maximum efficiency of a laboratory-scale steam turbine with wood charcoal fuel is 70.02% with a pressure of 7 Bar and Generator efficiency is 21.87%. or 17.5 Watts, the electrical power generated from the speaker power generator is 80 Watts. For the results of the comparison of the performance of the steam turbine with wood charcoal fuel media with LPG gas, it can be proven from the turbine efficiency it is better to use gas fuel with a different ratio (at a pressure of 7 bar Wood Charcoal / LPG): 70.02%/78, 12%), while the efficiency of the generator is at a pressure of 7.Bar (21.87, 25%), so LPG fuel is more effective than wood charcoal but from local fuel Wood charcoal is more readily available and cheaper.

Development of lignocellulose-based bioethanol from chrysanthemum flower waste (Chrysanthemum sp.)

The fuel crisis has given a sign that the Indonesian fossil energy reserve is low. Conversely, fuel consumption in the country has been increasing from year to year. The limited resources of fossil energy cause the need for renewable energy development and energy conservation. One form of renewable energy is biomass energy. The biomass energy source can be derived from waste biomass plantations and agriculture. Chrysanthemum flower waste is biomass used as a raw material in bioethanol manufacturing because it has a high cellulose content. This study aims to determine the conditions of the hydrolysis and fermentation processes that produce the highest amount of bioethanol and determine the quality of bioethanol from chrysanthemum waste. The method used in this research was acid hydrolysis with a variation of sulfuric acid concentration at 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% with a deviation of hydrolysis time at 60 minutes and 90 minutes. The type of yeast in the fermentation process was Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% w/w, with fermentation times used were 3, 5, and 7 days. Based on the research that has been done, the highest ethanol content was 13.53% produced in the hydrolysis treatment using 1% H2SO4 concentration with 60 minutes of hydrolysis time and five days of fermentation time with 10% yeast content. The test results for the quality of bioethanol from chrysanthemum flower waste were ethanol content of 13.53%, density 0.981 g/mL, a specific gravity of 0.981, API gravity of 12.711, and a calorific value of 10,422.2 kcal/kg.

Biomass Energy Resource – Future of Global Power Production

The population of the planet continues to rise rapidly. As a result, the percentage of global energy consumption is growing significantly. Methods of biomass briquettes and BDH (Biomass District Heating) with the biomass energy source has the attributes of fossil fuel while also being able to stored, renewed and transported. While conventional power sources are non-renewable and results in pollution. Thus, countries are setting up biomass power plants for developing an eco-friendly process for power production. This study states the new age technologies for biomass energy production, their economic and environmental benefits along with the capacity of these large plants to provide employment in bulk. The limitations of biomass energy are also stated along with how India, a developing country is coping with the installment of the newest technologies. Thus, replacing the fossil fuels in the upcoming dawns for a better environment.

PI Controller for Hybrid Biomass- Solar Photovoltaic- Wind in Microgrid: A Case Study of Mersing, Malaysia

Renewable energy has become an alternative energy to replace fossil fuels in electric power generation systems to alleviate environmental problems in the future. Alongside the shift to renewable energy, microgrid technology has also evolved to integrate renewable energy into the power generation and distribution system. In addition, the issue of voltage stability is also a vital factor in sustaining microgrids with renewable energy integration to ensure system stability. Reports in earlier studies have included three voltage control methods such as Model Predictive Control (MPC), PI controller, and negative feed-forward voltage control, implemented to ensure voltage stability of hybrid renewable energy microgrids. However, very a few research reports apply voltage control in hybrid biomass (BM)-solar photovoltaic (PV)-wind microgrid, choosing only to focus on energy management, economic analysis, and best sizing. For this reason, this main objective of this paper is integration of hybrid Biomass-Solar Photovoltaic-Wind off-grid microgrid comprising a PI controller as the voltage control of the system based on an actual input database at a location in a small rural town named Mersing in Malaysia. Additionally, this paper also intends to illustrate the implemented efforts to support the voltage stability of the system for the Mersing case study. A PI controller with harmonic filter voltage controller is implemented in this study to reduce the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) percentage. The average power output for solar, wind, and biomass energy sources were 60kW, 20kW, and 750kW, respectively. Concurrently the measured THD voltage and current at each renewable energy and distribution line show a percentage below 10%. It is thus shown that a hybrid BM-Solar PV-wind microgrid is stable, especially for distribution lines, according to harmonic standards in the electricity supply application book by the local electricity provider Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB). Indeed, a PI controller with a harmonic filter has proven as an effective method for controlling the voltage instability in this study.

Back Analysis of a Horizontal Geothermal Plant Implemented in a Wine Production Process

The Salcheto winery has undertaken a process of reduction of its primary energy consumption and the implementation of green energy technologies. They adopted solar photovoltaic, wood biomass, and geothermal energy sources. A horizontal ground source heat exchanger (GSHE) plant is used to cool a part of the pressed grapes and control the wine production temperature. The goal of this work was to investigate some technical issues of the plant and to increase the efficiency of the whole system. The first step was the evaluation of the actual operating conditions of the GSHE plant, by performing a thermal response test. The results allowed us to find the thermal diffusivity of 3.5 × 10−7 m2/s, and the calculation with the IGSHPA standard indicated a cooling performance of about 6 kW. A survey during the harvest highlighted a peak power of 6 kW. Therefore, to improve the plant, some modifications were proposed and analyzed. In the new layout, the geothermal plant serves the condenser of the refrigeration unit, allowing cooling of the all production lines, instead of only one. The peak power was evaluated as 32 kW, and the GSHE can fulfil this, up to 18 kW. For higher power, the evaporative tower will supply the remainder, covering a maximum of 45%. Furthermore, the refrigeration unit may cover the cooling requirements of the entire residential and office building, without other plant improvements.

DESIGN OF KEMPLANG CRACKERS DRYER USING TRAY DRYER BY UTILIZING BIOMASS ENERGY

The drying process on kemplang crackers is one of the factors that determine the quality of the resulting product. Conventional drying has many disadvantages, namely fluctuating heat and poor hygiene that will affect product quality. So that kemplang crackers can be stored for a long time, it is necessary to reduce the water content of kemplang crackers. Drying kemplang crackers can use a drying rack with a biomass energy source from coconut shells. This study aims to design a tray dryer with biomass energy to obtain dryer performance based on the drying rate and to obtain a product that meets SNI No. 8272-2016. The treatments that were varied were set point temperatures of 55oC, 60oC, 65oC, and 70oC with mass variations of 50 gr, 100 gr, and 150 gr. The results showed that the optimum drying conditions at 70oC for 4 hours with an air velocity of 5.2 m/s2 obtained 9,84% moisture content in 50 gr kemplang crackers, 15.39% in 100 gr crackers and 19,2 in kemplang crackers 150 gr and a drying rate of 0,035028 kg/hour m2. The drying process requires 5,24 kg of dried coconut shell to produce heat energy of 95.358,81024 KJ with a by-product in the form of liquid smoke.

Recent advances of hybrid solar - Biomass thermo-chemical conversion systems

Solar biomass hybridization is a promising energy technique for efficient utilization while mitigating the disadvantages associated with both biomass and solar energy source. In conventional concentrating solar power (CSP) systems, the contribution of solar energy is relatively low, merely supplementing the system with low/medium temperature air/steam. This paper aimed to emphasize the improvement of solar heat share, particularly in the topping cycle of the hybrid system. The solar aided processes, either directly generating superheated air/steam or direct gasification are thermodynamically favorable at very high temperatures, in excess of 800 °C. Unfortunately, this temperature is unattainable in conventional CSP systems using molten salt. Accordingly, the integration of solar power tower (SPT) with solid particle fluidized system in a beam down configuration has been proposed for the hybrid solar-biomass systems. Studies of such integration system presented challenges in terms of operating temperature, continuous supply/syngas production and scaling of reactor, particularly for circulating fluidized bed (CFB). The selection of solid particle and gas flow rate are among the governing parameters for high operating temperature and effective utilization of solar heat. The development of high temperature hybrid solar-biomass system is anticipated for higher solar-to-fuel conversion efficiencies, minimizing the direct combustion of biomass and reduce the emission of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

Net-Zero Energy Districts and the Grid: An Energy-Economic Feasibility Case-Study of the National Western Center in Denver, CO, USA

Given the enormous impact of buildings on energy consumption, it is important to continue the development of net-zero energy districts. Opportunities exist for energy efficiency and renewable energy on a district level that may not be feasible in individual buildings. Due to the intermittent nature of many renewable energy sources, net-zero energy districts are dependent on the energy grid. The novelty of this work is to quantify and optimize the economic cost and grid independence of a net-zero energy district using the National Western Center (NWC) in Denver, CO, USA as a case study. The NWC is a 100+ ha campus undergoing a major redevelopment process with a planned 170,000 m2 of total building space, an emphasis on sustainability, and a net-zero energy goal. Campus plans, building energy models, and renewable energy performance models of on-site solar, biomass, and thermal renewable energy sources are analyzed in multiple energy scenarios to achieve net-zero energy with and without on-site energy storage. Levelized cost of energy (LCOE) is optimized as a function of variables defining the energy and economic relationship with the grid. Discussion herein addresses trade-offs between net-zero energy scenarios in terms of energy load, LCOE, storage, and grid dependence.

Assessing the physical potential capacity of direct air capture with integrated supply of low‐carbon energy sources

AbstractDirect Air Capture (DAC) is a negative emission technology that can remove up to 10–20 Gt of CO2 per year. However, to achieve this potential, DAC systems must be coupled to suitable locally available energy sources and sited near geological storage. This study explores the potential of low‐carbon energy sources to supply power and heat to the DAC process in a dedicated, self‐sufficient system tailored for each energy source. Solar, geothermal, woody biomass, wind, and nuclear energy sources are assessed for their global energy supply potential and possible land use requirements. While the options differ in area requirement and regional efficacy, we estimate that all the regionally specific technologies considered can supply energy to achieve significant removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere globally. The amount of energy physically available from solar, offshore wind, and woody biomass converts to a removal potential of 160–971, 45–150, and 2–5 Gt CO2/year, respectively. Thus, negative emission targets can be reached by utilizing a moderate fraction of the overall potential of several different low‐carbon energy sources for DAC while the magnitude of the potential changes significantly according to the source of energy. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Physiological responses and transcriptome analysis of Spirodela polyrhiza under red, blue, and white light.

Red light (RL) accelerated starch accumulation in S. polyrhiza, but higher protein content under blue light (BL) was associated with the upregulation of most DEGs enriched for specific GO terms and KEGG pathways. Red light (RL) and blue light (BL) greatly influence the growth and physiological processes of duckweed. Physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the response of duckweed to different light qualities remain unclear. This study employed physiological and transcriptomic analyses on duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza "5510", to elucidate its differential response mechanisms under RL, BL, and white light conditions. Changes in growth indicators, ultrastructure alterations, metabolite accumulations, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were measured. The results showed that BL promoted both biomass and protein accumulations, while RL promoted starch accumulation. A total of 633, 518, and 985 DEGs were found in white-vs-red, white-vs-blue, and red-vs-blue comparison groups, respectively. In Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, the DEGs in all three comparison groups were significantly enriched in two GO terms, carboxylic acid metabolic process and lyase activity. In Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, the DEGs were greatly enriched in two pathways, histidine metabolism and isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis. Higher protein content under BL was associated with the upregulation of most DEGs enriched with the GO terms and KEGG pathways. Furthermore, the light qualities influenced the gene expression patterns of other metabolic pathways, like carotenoid biosynthesis, and the regulation of these genes may explain the level of photosynthetic pigment content. The results revealed the physiological changes and transcriptome-level responses of duckweed to three light qualities, thereby providing bases for further research studies on the ability of duckweed as a biomass energy source.

Investigation of Optimal Hybrid Energy Systems Using Available Energy Sources in a Rural Area of Bangladesh

The aims of this paper are to develop hybrid energy systems considering biomass energy sources as well as a framework and optimal configuration of hybrid systems of energy for a southern sub-urban area of Bhola district in Bangladesh, named Kukri Mukri island, and analyse the feasibility of the techno-economic prospects of these systems. In this work, electrification for the rural area is analysed for different configurations of the hybrid systems. The estimation of available resources with optimal sizing and analysis of techno-economic aspects is done through HOMER Pro software to satisfy the demand of peak load. Different configurations of hybrid energy systems, including PV/diesel, PV/wind, PV/diesel/wind, PV/wind/diesel/biomass, and wind/diesel, are analysed and compared through optimization of different energy sources in HOMER. The size of the system and components are optimized and designed depending on the net present cost (NPC) and the levelized cost of energy (LCOE). Due to the lower availability and rising cost of wind energy, the outcome of this work shows a solar-based photovoltaic (PV) as the main energy source, battery as the storage media, and diesel generator as an energy source for backup. The results indicate that LCOE is much lower for PV/wind/diesel/biomass (0.142 USD/kWh) than PV/diesel (0.199 USD/kWh), PV/wind (0.239 USD/kWh), PV/diesel/wind (0.167 USD/kWh), PV/diesel (0.343 USD/kWh), and wind/diesel (0.175 USD/kWh). Additionally, it is demonstrated from the research that the genetic algorithm (GA) process gives sustainable and cost-effective outcomes compared to HOMER.

Effects of greenhouse gas emissions timing on alternative biomass and fossil energy sources for district heating

AbstractDistrict heating (DH) systems can improve energy efficiency, reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and be a cost‐effective residential space heating alternative over conventional decentralized heating. This study uses radiative forcing (RF), a time‐sensitive life cycle assessment metric, to evaluate space heating alternatives. We compare forest residue and willow biomass resources and natural gas as fuel sources against decentralized heating using heating oil. The comparison is performed for selected locations in the Northeastern United States over a 30‐year production timeline and 100 observation years. The natural gas and willow scenarios are compared with scenarios where available forest residue is unused and adds a penalty of GHG emissions due to microbial decay. When forest residues are available, their use is recommended before considering willow production. Investment in bioenergy‐based DH with carbon capture and storage and natural‐gas‐based DH with carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology is considered to assess their influence on RF. Its implementation further improves the net carbon mitigation potential of DH despite the carbon and energy cost of CCS infrastructure. Soil carbon sequestration from willow production reduces RF overall, specifically when grown on land converted from cropland to pasture, hay, and grassland. The study places initial GHG emissions spikes from infrastructure and land‐use change into a temporal framework and shows a payback within the first 5 years of operation for DH with forest residues and willow.

Preliminary Study on Properties of Small Diameter Wild Acacia mangium Species as Potential Biomass Energy Sources

Currently, the primary energy supply in Malaysia is dominant by non-renewable energy sources such oil, natural gas and coal which contributed to the scarcity of these sources and occurrence of global warming. This phenomenon raises the public concerns to diversify the energy sources to sustain energy availability. To address these predicaments, biomass sources is among the prominent alternative energy sources since it is renewable and possesses minimal harms to the environment. Thus, the woody plant with high growth rate and high energy content that can be used to serve as potential biomass energy sources. In this study, small diameter (5-8cm) of wild Acacia mangium species have been determined and compared accordingly three (3) different portions (bottom, middle and top) and two (2) different particle sizes (0.5 and 1.5mm). The analysis conducted to determine the properties of raw material of Acacia mangium as biomass energy sources were proximate, physical and energy content properties. The result obtained for the energy content analysis of small diameter wild Acacia mangium has a mean calorific value range from 16.35 to 18.35MJ/kg between portions and particle sizes. In order to determine the effect of portions and particle sizes on each of the proximate, physical and energy content properties, two-way ANOVA was performed. It shows that both the portions and particle sizes have significant effect on calorific value (energy content) of small diameter wild Acacia mangium at 99% of confidence level. In a nutshell, the biomass energy properties of small diameter wild Acacia mangium with different portions and particle sizes were being determined.

A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Association between Domestic Cooking Energy Source Type and Respiratory Infections among Children Aged under Five Years: Evidence from Demographic and Household Surveys in 37 Low-Middle Income Countries.

Background: In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), household air pollution as a result of using solid biomass for cooking, lighting and heating (HAP) is associated with respiratory infections, accounting for approximately 4 million early deaths each year worldwide. The majority of deaths are among children under five years. This population-based cross-sectional study investigates the association between solid biomass usage and risk of acute respiratory infections (ARI) and acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in 37 LMICs within Africa, Americas, Southeast Asia, European, Eastern Mediterranean and Western Pacific regions. Materials and methods: Using population-based data obtained from Demographic and Health surveys (2010–2018), domestic cooking energy sources were classified solid biomass (wood, charcoal/dung, agricultural crop) and cleaner energy sources (e.g., Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG), electricity, biogas and natural gas). Composite measures of ARI (shortness of breath, cough) and ALRI (shortness of breath, cough and fever) were composed using maternally reported respiratory symptoms over the two-week period prior to the interview. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the association between biomass fuel usage with ARI and ALRI, accounting for relevant individual, household and situational confounders, including stratification by context (urban/rural). Results: After adjustment, in the pooled analysis, children residing in solid biomass cooking households had an observed increased adjusted odds ratio of ARI (AOR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.09–1.25) and ALRI (AOR: 1.16; 95% CI 1.07–1.25) compared to cleaner energy sources. In stratified analyses, a comparable association was observed in urban areas (ARI: 1.16 [1.06–1.28]; ALRI: 1.14 [1.02–1.27]), but only significant for ARI among those living in rural areas (ARI: 1.14 [1.03–1.26]). Conclusion: Switching domestic cooking energy sources from solid biomass to cleaner alternatives would achieve a respiratory health benefit in children under five years worldwide. High quality mixed-methods research is required to improve acceptability and sustained uptake of clean cooking energy source interventions in LMIC settings.

Numerical Study on Biogas Refining System Combined with Proton-Conducting Solid Oxide Electrolyzer

Biogas is one of the most globally distributed carbon-neutral fuels to be used as a local biomass energy source for local society energy demand. However, since the biogas from organic waste is typically a mixture of 60% methane and 40% carbon dioxide, the biogas has a lower energy density compared with coal, oil, LNG, and etc. In this study, biogas refining system including methanation reactor and proton-conducting electrolysis cell has been proposed and investigated based on the numerical calculation including mass and heat balance analysis. Using this system, hydrogen and CO2 derived from electrolysis cell and biogas, respectively, will be converted into methane via methanation reaction. Carbon deposition is a well-known problem to be resolved when carbon-rich gas is supplied to the cell cathode. Based on the calculation results, the gas humidification was found to be necessary to prevent carbon deposition at the cathode inlet. However, carbon deposition was predicted to still occur at the cathode outlet even with the gas humidification when a conventional oxide-ion conducting electrolyte is applied to the electrolysis cell due to the enhanced carbon activity caused by oxide-ion transport from the cathode to the anode. In the case of the proton-conducting electrolyte, proton transport from the anode to the cathode was found to mainly promote reverse water-gas shift reaction and methanation reaction without any carbon deposition. Even though the calculation results should be verified by comparing with experimental results, the numerical study suggested that the biogas refining system combined with p-SOEC is a promising technology for generating carbon-neutral methane with a strongly suppressed risk of carbon deposition.

Animal solid waste as a potential renewable biomass energy source: a case study of Jordan

Animal solid waste as a potential renewable biomass energy source: a case study of Jordan

Development of Integrated Renewable Energy System Based on Optimal Operational Strategy and Sizing for an Un-Electrified Remote Area

Providing electricity access to remote rural areas plays a crucial role in the socio-economic development of the rural community. The use of renewable energy sources (RES) for electrification of remote rural areas has been increased in the past two decades. The integrated renewable energy system (IRES), which embeds two or more RES, is paid great attention to satisfy the energy needs of the rural areas. In the present study, the IRES model is developed using solar, micro-hydro, biomass, biogas, and wind energy sources to meet the electricity demand of the seven un-electrified clusters of hamlets of Limkheda taluka in Dahod district of Gujarat state in India. The proposed IRES model is optimized for the lowest total net present cost (TNPC) and cost of energy (COE) of the system using artificial bee colony (ABC), grey wolf optimization (GWO), and teaching learning-based optimization (TLBO) algorithms. The optimal operational strategy has been developed to minimize the operating cost of the IRES and the optimum sizing of the system. An optimal power scheduling method with a linear programming problem (LPP) approach has been carried out in the MATLAB environment. The proposed power scheduling method effectively reduces the TNPC and COE of the IRES. Finally, the results recorded in the paper confirm that the proposed configuration together with the TLBO method offers the lowest TNPC of INR 9.5951 million and TAC of INR 1.1274 million at the estimated COE of INR 5.68 per kWh, which is comparable with respect to standardized ABC and GWO.

Comprehensive Study on Ethiopia Renewable Energy Technology Development and Barriers to Meet Rural Energy Needs

Renewable energy has the potential to play a significant role in providing access to clean and affordable energy services to developing countries' vast populations. Ethiopia, a developing country in Sub-Saharan Africa, has an abundance of renewable energy resources that can meet the ambitions of both urban and rural energy demand. However, these resources are currently underutilized, and approximately 83 percent of the country's rural societies rely entirely on conventional biomass energy sources for cooking and lighting. As a result, this study examines, critically evaluates, and synthesizes the findings of the most recent Ethiopian studies on renewable energy technology, development, and barriers to meeting rural energy demand. In addition, this comprehensive study will update knowledge and information on the development of renewable energy technologies (RETs) to improve rural energy access. Furthermore, it aids in the promotion of RETs and the attraction of local and foreign actors to the development of renewable energy technology for lighting, water pumping, and agricultural development. Finally, the factors influencing a country's adoption of RETs are examined, and pragmatic recommendations are made. Keywords: Ethiopia, Rural, Renewable energy technology, Small scale DOI: 10.7176/JETP/11-3-02 Publication date: June 30 th 2021

Small Scale Bubbling Fluidized Bed Gasifier for Syngas Extraction from Napier grass

For some farmers, Napier grass is non-beneficial since it may compete for growth area and nutrients for common agricultural crops. However, this grass has the potential to become biomass energy source. It is known that Napier grass is a candidate source of syngas or synthetic gas which can be utilized in different applications. To extract synthetic gas, the Napier grass must undergo gasification process. This study focuses on the design and testing of a small-scale bubbling fluidized bed gasifier for Napier grass. The reactor chamber is made up of low carbon steel while the inert bed material used is silica. The materials for the gasifier were chosen by using the quantitative method of material selection. The temperatures at the inlet, sections of the reactor and exhaust of the reactor were monitored. The maximum furnace temperature of the gasifier was 473°C and observed after 170 minutes due to increased furnace and reactor heating surface area. The syngas extracted from the gasifier was tested and analyzed that there is 21.23 ppm of Carbon Monoxide (CO) and low Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) content. The composition of syngas conformed with the standards and can be used for cooking applications

LCA of an industrial luminaire using product environmental footprint method

This paper presents a life cycle assessment (LCA) for the industrial Light Emitting Diode (LED) luminaire by using Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) methodology. The assessment is carried out for raw material, assembly, distribution, use and end of life (EoL) stages, and all upstream emissions are considered. The analysis results show that the electricity consumption in use stage is the significant contributor for the overall impacts. Environmental benefits are identified from the EoL scenario analysis due to the adopted WEEE treatments. Electricity mix for the UK and other European countries are modelled for the comparison study that shows the use of renewable resources for electricity generation has lower overall impacts from the PEF view, but the impact towards land use that is caused by using biomass energy source for electricity production is noticeable, which is barely mentioned in the existing LCA studies. This research has made the following original contributions: 1) it is the first study examining the LED luminaire environmental performance by using the PEF methodology; 2) the electricity mix modelling for the European countries in the comparison study reveals the possible trade-off between using renewable/non-renewable resources for the electricity generation, which would be beneficial for further policy development for lighting and energy sectors; 3) the availability demonstration of the current PEF database for luminaires, and the reported analysis results would assist future similar LCA studies.