Development of lignocellulose-based bioethanol from chrysanthemum flower waste (Chrysanthemum sp.)

Abstract

The fuel crisis has given a sign that the Indonesian fossil energy reserve is low. Conversely, fuel consumption in the country has been increasing from year to year. The limited resources of fossil energy cause the need for renewable energy development and energy conservation. One form of renewable energy is biomass energy. The biomass energy source can be derived from waste biomass plantations and agriculture. Chrysanthemum flower waste is biomass used as a raw material in bioethanol manufacturing because it has a high cellulose content. This study aims to determine the conditions of the hydrolysis and fermentation processes that produce the highest amount of bioethanol and determine the quality of bioethanol from chrysanthemum waste. The method used in this research was acid hydrolysis with a variation of sulfuric acid concentration at 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% with a deviation of hydrolysis time at 60 minutes and 90 minutes. The type of yeast in the fermentation process was Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% w/w, with fermentation times used were 3, 5, and 7 days. Based on the research that has been done, the highest ethanol content was 13.53% produced in the hydrolysis treatment using 1% H2SO4 concentration with 60 minutes of hydrolysis time and five days of fermentation time with 10% yeast content. The test results for the quality of bioethanol from chrysanthemum flower waste were ethanol content of 13.53%, density 0.981 g/mL, a specific gravity of 0.981, API gravity of 12.711, and a calorific value of 10,422.2 kcal/kg.