Bioadhesive Polymers Research Articles

INFLUENCE OF SELECTED POLYMERS ON PHARMACEUTICAL: PROPERTIES OF MUCOSAL SYSTEMS CONTAINING ACYCLOVIR

The aim of this paper was to formulate the composition of a bioadhesive film obtained based on acyclovir incorporated into natural bioadhesive polymers (chitosan and guar gum) in different quantitative ratios. To this end, the author developed a technology for preparing films containing various quantitative ratios of chitosan to guar gum: 1:0.25; 1:0.50; 1:0.75; 1:1; and 1.2:0.50. The formulations were used to prepare mucoadhesive films containing 2% acyclovir. The dressings were tested with respect to their physicochemical properties and subjected to dissolution testing. A comparative analysis of Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra of pure polymers, acyclovir, and films containing polymers in different quantitative ratios was conducted. The quantitative ratio of chitosan to guar gum significantly impacted the mechanical properties of films: texture, elasticity, tensile strength, swelling, and blur time of the testes carriers. The 1:1 formulation showed the highest mechanical strength and flexibility. The dressing containing 1.2% chitosan and 0.5% guar gum had the longest blur time. An increase in the chitosan content in the formulation significantly affected the drug dissolution parameters, which makes it possible to achieve the desired effect of extended-release time. The FT-IR spectra excluded the formation of drug-polymer interactions. Changes in the quantitative ratios of chitosan and guar game in the carrier’s composition may impact the mechanical properties of the drug formulation and changes in the parameters of active substance release.

Formulation & Development of Baclofen microemulsion incorporated into Transdermal patch

The current study aims at developing formulations based on microemulsions for the transdermal patch of Baclofen. Castor oil was used in the oil phase, Tween-20 was used as a surfactant, propylene glycol(PG) worked as a cosurfactant, and water worked as an aqueous phase in the formation of microemulsions. Using Franz diffusion cells, in vitro permeation tests were conducted. At the conclusion of 8 hours, the in vitro permeation release of ME-3 was determined to be 88.79%, and baclofen microemulsion was later put into the transdermal patch. The most effective composition was ME-3, which included dimethyl sulfoxide as a penetration enhancer, propylene glycol as a plasticizer, and carbopol 940 as a bio-adhesive polymer. The formulation with the best penetration enhancement exhibited a 39-fold increase and contained 0.1% DMSO. It was discovered that ME-3 Patch has a 97.67% in vitro permeation release rate. According to a study, baclofen may be produced into transdermal patches with an acceptable appearance and an appropriate drug release time of 4 hours.
 Keywords: (ME-)Microemulsion, HPMC, Transdermal patch, Baclofen, Carbopol- 940

Periodontal Film: A Potential Treatment Strategy for Periodontitis

Abstract: Periodontitis is a serious gum infection associated with inflammation of the periodontium around the teeth. Based on the etiology and pathogenesis, periodontitis has several conventional treatment strategies. Treatment with antibiotics and antimicrobials is the most common therapy. However, the development of drug resistance and the manifestation of side effects make conven-tional strategies ineffective. In recent decades, local drug delivery in the periodontal pocket has gained significant attention as a novel strategy. Sustained drug release at the target site (periodontal pocket) for a prolonged period is the main advantage over conventional therapy. Bioadhesive perio-dontal films are mostly used. They are thin films made up of unique mixtures of bioadhesive poly-mers, binders, plasticizers, and drug release modifiers. They can be loaded with antibiotics, metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, or a combination. The dried film is cut into a suitable size and inserted into the periodontal pocket for direct delivery of therapeutic agents. Thus, a smaller dose is required, and systemic side effects are avoided. In this manuscript, the pathophysiology of periodontitis, the role of biofilm formation, development of periodontal film loaded with antibiotics and nanoparticles have been reviewed, and the future aspects have been discussed.

The influence of different bioadhesive polymers on physicochemical properties of thermoresponsive emulgels containing Amazonian andiroba oil

Emulgels are amphiphilic semi-solid that can control the delivery of drugs showing different polarities. The use of a polymeric matrix in the hydrophilic portion leads to a higher thermodynamic stability system. Emulgels composed of poloxamer 407 (P407) and a bioadhesive polymer has shown improved contact time and adhesiveness on the site of administration, which can lead to an increase in the bioavailability of drugs. This work studied the effect of three different bioadhesive polymers, namely Carbopol 974P (C974P), polycarbophil (PCB) and poly(vinyl methyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride) (PMV/MA), on physicochemical characteristics of emulsion systems containing P407 and Amazonian andiroba oil. This oil is utilized as emollient, humectant and antioxidant. A factorial design 34 was utilized, and the physicochemical stability was investigated. The mechanical textural and rheological properties of the most stable formulations were evaluated for selection of potential emulsion systems. According to the texture profile and softness analyses, the selected formulations were mainly influenced by the type and amount of bioadhesive polymer, increase of andiroba oil, and P407 content. All formulations displayed pseudoplastic flow behavior and viscoelasticity. Bioadhesion assays in ear porcine skin showed the formulations as being equally bioadhesive. Transmission electron cryomicroscopy (Cryo-TEM) analysis showed well-structured micelles, with a size < 200 nm. The use of C974P (0.20 %, w/w) and P407 (17.5 %, w/w) constitutes a good strategy to produce emulgel systems for local administration of Andiroba oil from 4 to 8 % (w/w).

Formulation and Evaluation of Buccoadhesive Tablets of Diltiazem Hydrochloride

Calcium channel blocker diltiazem hydrochloride is used to treat hypertension and angina. The study aimed to develop and evaluate bioadhesive buccal tablets that would bypass hepatic metabolism and boost bioavailability. With the use of bioadhesive polymers like kondagogu gum and guar gum in various concentrations, the direct compression method was used to manufacture buccal tablets. Fourier-transform spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectroscopy analysis of the physicochemical compatibility of the active ingredient and excipients demonstrates that the excipients are compatible with the active component. Permeation across porcine buccal mucosa, moisture absorbance, in-vitro drug release, surface pH, and swelling index were all tested on the developed tablets. The best formulation, which contained a combination of kondagogu gum and guar gum (F8), was the most effective, showing a flux of 208.46 μg hr-1 cm-2.

Design and In Vitro Optimization of the Gastroretentive Microparticles Using Ethylcellulose and Eudragit

The biocompatible and bioadhesive polymers ethylcellulose and eudragit S100 are often used for controlled delivery of drugs in low pH conditions. Recent research focuses on designing and optimizing multiparticulate floating and bioadhesive systems using a central composite approach. Gastro-retentive floating microparticles of ethylcellulose and eudragit S100 containing itopride hydrochloride (ITH) were prepared using a solvent evaporation method. The impact of several process variables, including drug-polymer ratio, were studied on physicochemical parameters such as drug entrapment efficiency, particle size, bioadhesion, and release by employing a central composite design strategy. The experimental results were in good agreement with the predicted values of the optimization technique. The optimized microparticles had a 94.77 % drug entrapment efficiency, a particle size of 259.2 µm, 96.98 % drug release in simulated stomach fluid (pH 1.2) after 12 hours, and an 8-hour floating lag time. An accelerated stability analysis was conducted on the optimized formulation according to ICH criteria, and no significant changes in drug quantity were identified during storage. The microparticulate formulation containing ethylcellulose to eudragit S100 (in the ratio of 9:3) prepared by solvent evaporation technique displayed suitable pharmaceutical characteristics for controlled gastro retentive delivery of ITH. Furthermore, the results of the stability studies indicated that the developed formulation had not undergone any major changes under stress.

Polydopamine Biomaterials for Skin Regeneration.

Designing biomaterials capable of biomimicking wound healing and skin regeneration has been receiving increasing attention recently. Some biopolymers behave similarly to the extracellular matrix (ECM), supporting biointerfacial adhesion and intrinsic cellular interactions. Polydopamine (PDA) is a natural bioadhesive and bioactive polymer that endows high chemical versatility, making it an exciting candidate for a wide range of biomedical applications. Moreover, biomaterials based on PDA and its derivatives have near-infrared (NIR) absorption, excellent biocompatibility, intrinsic antioxidative activity, antibacterial activity, and cell affinity. PDA can regulate cell behavior by controlling signal transduction pathways. It governs the focal adhesion behavior of cells at the biomaterials interface. These features make melanin-like PDA a fascinating biomaterial for wound healing and skin regeneration. This paper overviews PDA-based biomaterials' synthesis, properties, and interactions with biological entities. Furthermore, the utilization of PDA nano- and microstructures as a constituent of wound-dressing formulations is highlighted.

Development of Eudragit® Nanoparticles for Intranasal Drug Delivery: Preliminary Technological and Toxicological Evaluation

Intranasal administration has assumed in the last years an increasing value as an alternative strategy for the systemic adsorption of drugs, as an alternative to oral and parenteral routes thanks to the high vascularized nasal mucosa. Nevertheless, different drug features may restrict its absorption through the nasal mucosa with an insufficient diffusion to the systemic circulation. Several technological strategies are under investigation to improve drug absorption during nasal formulation design and production. The use of bioadhesive polymers can be considered a valid approach to pursue the aforementioned goal. Based on this consideration, Eudragit® Retard RS100 and RL100 resins were selected as positively charged copolymers to prepare polymeric NPs with potential mucoadhesive properties suitable for intranasal application. NPs were produced by the Quasi-emulsion Solvent Evaporation (QESD) method and loaded with diclofenac acid (DIC) or its epolamine salt (DIEP). Preliminary investigations were performed to obtain the optimized blank formulation and drugs loaded NPs evaluating different parameters that can affect particles size and polydispersity. The optimized formulations unloaded and loaded with DIC and DIEP were further evaluated for their thermotropic behavior by differential scanning calorimetry. Mucoadhesive evaluation was assessed by measuring variation in zeta potential and by turbidimetric assay after incubation of particles with mucin in simulated nasal fluid (SNF) at 37 °C at different time points (0, 1 and 24 h) compared to the pure suspensions. Stability of DIC and DIEP loaded NPs was also evaluated in SNF to predict potential aggregation phenomena after nasal administration. Finally, in vivo experiments showed absence of toxicity on the nasal mucosa of mice.

Effect of accelerated stability on the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of experimental bleaching gels containing different bioadhesive polymers.

To evaluate the physical-chemical (weight, pH, quantification of hydrogen peroxide) and mechanical (texture profile and rheology tests) properties of the experimental bleaching gel based on the bioadhesive polymer Aristoflex® AVC, after accelerated stability testing. A total of 300 syringes of bleaching gels were divided into 5 groups (n = 60): Whiteness Perfect® 10%-FGM (WP); carbamide peroxide 10% with aristoflex (CPa); carbamide peroxide 10% with Carbopol (CPc); aristoflex thickener (A); and Carbopol thickener (C). According to the following requirements and time, the accelerated stability test was performed: in an incubator at 40°C and 75% humidity per 1, 3, and 6months, and baseline (refrigerator at 5°C and 25% humidity). The variables were analyzed following the statistical tests: Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test were applied to pH; weight data were analyzed using a mixed model for repeated measurements over time and the Tukey-Kramer test; one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test analyzed the rheology test; generalized linear models were used to quantify the peroxide amount and texture profile data. A significance level of 5% was considered. The experimental bleaches CPa and CPc had the highest pH values when compared to the others in 6months. Thickeners A and C did not change the pH, weight, and active content over the accelerated stability times (p > 0.05). Furthermore, there was weight loss after 3months of storage for CPa and CPc (p < 0.05). In the quantification of hydrogen peroxide, the WP group showed the highest values over time (p < 0.0001), only showing a significant loss after the 3rd month. Meanwhile, CPa and CPc showed a reduction in quantification from the 1st month. Temperature and humidity directly influenced the active content and properties of bleaching gels. In addition, the presence of components regardless of thickeners, such as stabilizers, in the commercial gel allowed for greater stability over time. The development of experimental bleaching gels for clinical use requires careful testing. Therefore, accelerated stability testing represents a valuable tool in the development and evaluation of cosmetic formulations.

Karakteristik Granul Gastroretentive Mukoadhesif Amoksisilin dengan menggunakan Kitosan-Alginat, Na.CMC dan HPMC

Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System (GRDDS) is a slow-release preparation that can be bound to the surface of epithelial cells or gastric mucosa, while mucoadhesive is one of the mechanisms of action of the Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System (GRDDS), which is a drug delivery system in which the bio adhesive polymer is combined with the drug. designed to have a longer contact with the mucous membranes in the digestive tract. This study aims to see how the characteristics of the granules that are formulated in the form of mucoadhesive gastroretentive granules. The preparation method used was wet granulation using a mucoadhesive polymer, namely chitosan-alginate with the addition of HPMC and Sodium CMC. The results showed that the velocity test of the flow rate on the granule formula F1-F8 met the flow rate requirements, the results of the F9 velocity had a poor flow rate, while the results of the angle of repose measurement in the F1, F2 and F4 formulas had good flowability, which was below 30o, different with F3, F5, F6, F7, F8, and F9 which have a 30-40o angle of repose with good flowability. The results of the particle size distribution using the stratified sieve method showed that the formulas F1-F9 were mostly retained by a mesh number 20 sieve with a size of 426-850 m. The results of the test results of the gastroretentive mucoadhesive granule preparation of amoxicillin showed that the preparation met the requirements for making granules.

FORMULATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF MUCOADHESIVE DENTAL APPLICATIONS CONTAINING BENZYDAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The aim of this research was to develop a bioadhesive film based on benzydamine hydrochloride incorporated into natural bioadhesive polymers with different quantities of chitosan and guar gum but utilising a plasticiser. The obtained gels were deaerated by sonification, formed and evaporated by hot air drying; then, the properties were evaluated. Guar gum had a great influence on mechanical properties of the films – dynamic viscosity, texture, elasticity, stretching robustness, swelling and blur time. The formulations were used to obtain mucoadhesive films containing 0.3% benzydamine hydrochloride; they were tested for the release of the model drug. The amount of chitosan added to the formulation reduced the quantity of released substance and slowed down the release. Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy did not reveal the creation of new chemical structures. In conclusion, the ratio of chitosan to guar gum in the medium impacts the mechanical properties and release parameters of the drug. These findings should enable researchers to match the parameter values to receive the most beneficial therapeutic outcome.

Development of In-Situ Spray for Local Delivery of Antibacterial Drug for Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Investigation of Alternative Formulation.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) has been considered an orphan disease with limited treatments available. The available topical treatment for this condition is clindamycin lotion; however, short retention and frequent application are the main setbacks. Thus, the present study aimed to attain an optimized antibacterial in situ spray formulation for the hidradenitis suppurativa skin condition, which gels once in contact with the skin surface at around 37 °C and possesses bioadhesion as well as sustained-release properties of the incorporated drug. Different concentrations of thermo-reversible gelling polymer, Pluronic F-127, were investigated along with the selected bioadhesive polymers, HPMC and SA. The optimized formulation F3 consisting of 18% Pluronic F-127 with 0.2% HPMC and 0.2% SA was characterized based on various physicochemical properties. The gelation temperature of F3 was found to be 29.0 ± 0.50 °C with a gelation time of 1.35 ± 0.40 min and a pH of 5.8. F3 had the viscosity of 178.50 ± 5.50 cP at 25 °C and 7800 ± 200 cP at 37 °C as the gel set. The optimized formulation was found to be bioadhesive and cytocompatible. Cumulative drug release was 65.05% within the time-frame of 8 h; the release pattern of the drug followed zero-order kinetics with the Higuchi release mechanism. The average zone of inhibition was found to be 43.44 ± 1.34 mm. The properties of F3 formulation reflect to improve residence time at the site of application and can enhance sustained drug release. Therefore, it could be concluded that optimized formulation has better retention and enhanced antimicrobial activity for superior efficacy against HS.

A Brief Review on Bucco-adhesive Drug Delivery System

The buccal region within the mucosal cavity of the mouth provides an alternative route over an oral drug administration for systemic as well as local drug delivery. As the buccal mucosa has an abundant blood supply and is relatively permeable, it can be considered as most accessible and desired location for both local and systemic drug delivery. The buccal method for medication delivery greatly helps in avoiding issues in the gastrointestinal environment, such as increased first-pass metabolism and medication degradation. Bucco-adhesive systems offer varieties of advantages such as convenience in administration and termination of therapy in case of emergency, higher patient compliance, better bioavailability, rapid absorption, etc. This current review highlights the bucco-adhesive drug delivery system, its advantages and limitations, mechanisms and theories of mucoadhesion, different bucco-adhesive dosage forms, and bioadhesive polymers. It also highlights the current status on mucoadhesive drug delivery methods for the buccal cavity or bucco-adhesive systems.&#x0D; Keywords: Bioadhesion, mucoadhesion, bucco-adhesive drug delivery system, oral mucosa, first-pass metabolism, bioadhesive polymers.

A Review on Tablet Dosage Form: Recent Advancements with Special Emphasis on Rapid Disintegrating Tablet

Tablets are the most commonly prescribed dosage form as offer a convenient form of drug administration provides dosage uniformity from tablet to tablet, stable over extended and diverse storage conditions, can be produced on high-speed compression, labelling, and packaging equipment. Advancements in technology and modification in standard compressed tablet are to achieve better acceptability as well as bioavailability. Various types of newer and more efficient tablets are developed to create a delivery system that is relatively simple to administration. In one sense osmotic pump systems are another type of membrane-controlled release drug delivery system and work in the following way. Drug is incorporated in a tablet core which is water soluble, and which will solubilize or suspend the drug in the presence of water. Also, a multi-layer tablet dosage form over a more conventional mono-layer tablet is useful. In FDDS Gastro retentive dosage form improves bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy and allows a reduction in the dose because of steady therapeutic levels of drug. The another system is MADDS Mucoadhesion is commonly used to describe an interaction between the mucin layer, which lines the entire GI tract, and a bio adhesive polymer, which could be natural or synthetic in origin. An ideal controlled drug delivery system is one which delivers the drugs at a predetermined rate, locally or systematically, for a specified period of time and an ideal targeted drug delivery system is the one which delivers the drugs only to its sites of action and not to the non-targeted organs or tissues. So, in this review article we will study the basic fundamentals of tablets their technologies, and types of systems with available marketed products of various dosage forms.

Sunlight activated film forming adhesive polymers

Stimuli-sensitive biomaterials that are activated by light are in need of formulations that are stable under indoor lighting yet can be activated under direct sunlight. Carbene-based bioadhesives are a new generation of film-forming polymers that are stable under indoor lighting yet are rapidly activated with low-energy UVA light, but have never been evaluated under sunlight exposure. Previous investigations have evolved two flexible carbene-based platforms, where aryl-diazirine is grafted on to polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM-NH2; generation-5) or hydrophobic liquid polycaprolactone tetrol to yield G5-Dzx and CaproGlu, respectively. For the first time the activation of G5-Dzx and CaproGlu is investigated by natural sunlight with intensities up to 10 mW·cm−2. Structure-property relationships of bioadhesion are investigated by: (1) joules dose of sunlight; (2) bioadhesive polymer structure; and (3) optical concentrators of magnifying glass and Fresnel lens. Using only natural sunlight, adhesion strength could be tuned from 20 to 150 kPa with crosslinking achieved in under 1 min. The results show that carbene-based polymers are a class of stimuli-sensitive biomaterials that are stable to indoor lighting, yet can be rapidly activated under direct sunlight, which may be useful for topical film forming polymers or as active ingredients in sunscreen formulations.

Bioadhesive dermal patch as promising approach for improved antibacterial activity of bioactive compound of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb in ex vivo Staphylococcus aureus skin infection model

Infected burn injury has become a significant challenge among skin health problems. Recently, the use of a natural product, as an antibacterial alternative, has increased, particularly in the management of skin infections. Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. has been reported to possess a high amount of curcumin, showing an excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterium associated with skin infections. With respect to the selection of drug dosage form, the use of a bioadhesive patch could be beneficial as this system can easily adhere to the infected site in the skin. Here, we present the development of bioadhesive patches containing Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. extract with different types of bioadhesive polymers, namely HPMC, NaCMC, chitosan and Carbopol. The characterization results indicated that the patches were uniform in their drug content, weight and thickness, indicating the reproducibility of the method used. Importantly, the patches were found to have excellent folding endurance values, which were more than 300 times, with surface pH values close to skin pH. The ex vivo dermal delivery showed that among the four bioadhesive polymers studied, HPMC and NaCMC were 1.3–2 times better than chitosan and Carbopol in terms of delivery of curcumin. Essentially, more than 80% of bacterial burdens were killed following the application of HPMC and NaCMC patches in an ex vivo Staphylococcus aureus infection model in rat skin. However, considering that HPMC patches showed lowest bioadhesion property, patches prepared from NaCMC were considered as the optimized formulation. To conclude, this work shows a promising delivery approach for a natural product in the treatment of the skin infections.

CURCUMIN LOADED POLYMERIC MICROSPHERES FOR VAGINAL DELIVERY: FORMULATION DESIGN, IN VITRO EVALUATION, KINETICS AND STABILITY STUDIES

The main objective of this research is to evaluate a new approach for the preparation of bio adhesive microparticles and to design an innovative vaginal delivery system for curcumin which is able to enhance the drug anticancer activity. Curcumin encapsulated microspheres were prepared by solvent evaporation method. The microspheres were found to be discrete, spherical with free-flowing properties and evaluated for particle size analysis, shape (scanning electron microscopy), drug encapsulation efficiency, FTIR, DSC studies and in vitro release performance. The best selected microsphere formulation (F2, containing drug: polymer ratio 1:2) was incorporated into gels with a bio adhesive polymer. The microencapsulated vaginal gels were evaluated for pH, spreadability, extrudability, viscosity, in vitro drug release, drug release kinetics, bio adhesion test, accelerated stability of selected gel formulation. In vitro drug release rate for selected microencapsulated bio adhesive vaginal gel (FS3 gel, containing 1 % w/w of drug loaded microspheres and 0.6 % w/w of Carbopol 934) was found to sustain curcumin over 12h. The results were then compared statistically and obtained a satisfactory correlation. Thus, in conclusion preparation protocol of microencapsulated vaginal gel study may be adopted for a successful development of newer drug delivery system of other drugs for administration to vagina.

CURCUMIN LOADED CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES FOR TOPICAL DELIVERY: FORMULATION DESIGN, IN VITRO EVALUATION, KINETICS AND STABILITY STUDIES

The main objective of this research is to evaluate a new approach for the preparation of bio adhesive nanoparticles and to design an innovative topical delivery system for curcumin which is able to enhance the drug anticancer activity. Curcumin encapsulated nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method. The nanoparticles were found to be discrete, spherical with free-flowing properties and evaluated for particle size analysis, shape (scanning electron microscopy), drug encapsulation efficiency, FTIR, DSC studies and in vitro release performance. The best selected nanoparticles formulation (FS5, containing drug: polymer ratio 1:5) was incorporated into gels with a bio adhesive polymer. The Nanoencapsulated topical gels were evaluated for pH, spreadability, extrudability, viscosity, in vitro drug release, drug release kinetics, bio adhesion test, accelerated stability of selected gel formulation. In vitro drug release rate for selected Nanoencapsulated bio adhesive topical gel (FS3 gel, containing 1 % w/w of drug loaded nanoparticles and 0.6 % w/w of Carbopol 934) was found to control curcumin release over 12h. The results were then compared statistically and obtained a satisfactory correlation. Thus, in conclusion preparation protocol of Nanoencapsulated topical gel study may be adopted for a successful delivery of Curcumin for topical use.

Investigation of the physicochemical stability of emulgels composed of poloxamer 407 and different oil phases using the Quality by Design approach

Emulgels can be prepared easily and provide the efficient drug release of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. In this work, emulgel systems containing poloxamer 407, Carbopol 974P® or polycarbophil, sesame oil or isopropyl myristate were prepared using Quality by Design and the physicochemical damages were investigated regarding the preliminary stability studies. The physicochemical stability was assessed according to six freeze-thaw cycles, where the appearance, phase separation (fracture), droplet size and instability index were determined. The stable formulations were further characterized by sol-gel transition temperature. The freeze-thaw cycles and analytical centrifuging showed consistent and complementary results evidencing that lower concentration of bioadhesive polymers fostered the phase separation. Formulations showed to be polydisperse systems with droplet size dependent of the freeze-thaw cycles. The stable systems were selected by Quality by Design approach, and they showed suitable gelation temperature for future pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.

Synthesis of peptide derivative as bio adhesive

Bio adhesive material is a protein adhesive, which has recently been highlighted as an attractive biologically based and highly functional adhesive as a new chemo enzymatic synthesis of co polypeptide. The bio adhesive polymer was prepared by modification of pepsin structure with vinyl monomer such as maleic anhydride using ceric ammonium nitrate as an initiator, then the grafted copolymer was substituted with amino drugs. This design carries controlled delivery over an extended period of time due to its digesting nature. The new drug copolymer was investigated using common spectroscopy methods, such as FTIR, 1H-NMR and UV Spectroscopy. The physical properties for the prepared polymers were tested. Our results show that deprotonated is required for drug copolymers when analyzed in different pH values at 37 °C in vitro study and controlled drug release was compared at zero time and after three days. The rate of hydrolysis in basic medium was higher than acidic medium. It was concluded There are several advantages of sustain release by modified drug with slow release and in vivo performance was noted to be promising using for applications of polymer used different mice and rabbits infected with bacteria and wounds.