BIM Project Research Articles

SCAN-TO-BIM EFFICIENT APPROACH TO EXTRACT BIM MODELS FROM HIGH PRODUCTIVE INDOOR MOBILE MAPPING SURVEY

Building Information Modeling represents one of the most interesting developments in construction fields in the last 20 years. BIM process supports the creation of intelligent data that can be used throughout the life cycle of a construction project. Where a project involves a pre-existing structure, reality capture can provide the most critical information. The purpose of this paper is to describe an efficient approach to extract 3D models using high productive indoor Mobile Mapping Systems (iMMS) and an optimized scan-to-BIM workflow. The scan-to-BIM procedure allows reconstructing several elements within a digital environment preserving the features and reusing them in the development of the BIM project. The elaboration of the raw data acquired from the iMMS starts with the software HERON® Desktop where a SLAM algorithms runs and a 3D point cloud model is produced. The model is translated in the Gexcel Reconstructor® point cloud post processing software where a number of deliverables as orthophotos, blueprints and a filtered and optimized point cloud are obtained. In the proposed processing workflow, the data are introduced to Autodesk ReCap®, where the model can be edited and the final texturized point cloud model extracted. The identification and modeling of the 3D objects that compose the BIM model is realized in ClearEdge3D EdgeWiseTM and optimized in Autodesk Revit®. The data elaboration workflow implemented shows how an optimized data processing workflow allows making the scan-to-BIM procedure automatic and economically sustainable.

Development of a BIM project in a computer environment

Development of a BIM project in a computer environment

Comparative Study on the Application of BIM Project Cost Management between China and the United States

Comparative Study on the Application of BIM Project Cost Management between China and the United States

4D Scheduling and Simulation of G+3 Storey Residential Building Using Power Project Software

The report focuses on the attributes in which is try to explain our experience in a construction project using 4D Elecosoft power project software. The main aim of our project work is to design a G+3 residential building model using power project with 4D power project software. The knowledge which we have gained in our classes is helpful in designing and analyzing a construction project using 4D power project which makes the project easier to finish it and mark the delay of the construction and I gained lot of ideas regarding 4D power project software and their purpose in the recent era of construction projects. I have also found how a BIM or 4D power project software can make a project easier and earlier.

The effective mediating role of stakeholder management in the relationship between BIM implementation and project performance

PurposeBuilding information modeling (BIM) has brought great advantages to project delivery and performance. However, BIM has also increased the complexity of projects. Research shows that for BIM implementation to have a positive impact in this innovative environment, BIM should be synchronized with stakeholder management. Therefore, this research aims to incorporate the theory of stakeholder management in BIM-enabled projects and determine the theory's intermediary role between BIM implementation and project performance.Design/methodology/approachAn extensive literature review was conducted and 13 critical success factors (CSFs) for BIM implementation, 29 CSFs for stakeholder management and 6 CSFs for BIM project performance were identified. These measurement items were tested using a questionnaire survey method and analyzed using structural equation modeling. This research was focused on Chinese megaprojects or complex projects that were under a high level of development of BIM, which could reflect the complex stakeholder relationships and BIM implementation for project performance.FindingsThe results indicate that effective use of BIM can directly improve project performance. Further, stakeholder management has an important and positive intermediary role within the path of BIM implementation and project performance, particularly through (1) stakeholder dynamics (SD) and (2) stakeholder engagement or empowerment (SE).Originality/valueThe logical relationship of mutual influence among CSFs has been revealed for BIM-enabled projects. This research contributes to the effective collaboration and practice of BIM in the construction industry.

Study of Residential Building Model Using Power Project

Power project is the most preferred software for scheduling by construction experts throughout the world. The paper aims to know about the introduction of BIM fundamentals and to study the workflow of Power project software. The important features of the software (project planning, collaboration, scheduling, tracking and resource management) are studied. The report focuses on the attributes in which is try to explain our experience in a construction project using 4D Elecosoft power project software. The main aim of our project work is to design a G+3 residential building model using power project with 4D power project software. This is helpful in designing and analyzing a construction project using 4D power project which makes the project easier to finish it and mark the delay of the construction and I gained lot of ideas regarding 4D power project software and their purpose in the recent era of construction projects. I have also found how BIM or 4D power project software can make a project easier and earlier.

Análisis de los software BIM en el contexto de un concurso internacional.

Una de las formas más efectivas de fomentar el uso de nuevos enfoques como el BIM consiste en aplicar el Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos (PBL). Según esta metodología, los equipos desarrollan sus conocimientos y habilidades resolviendo un problema real, es decir, aprenden haciendo, experimentando e investigando por sí mismos. Una de las actividades PBL más motivadoras es la participación en concursos BIM. Este formato tiene la ventaja adicional de que todos los equipos trabajan en el mismo problema, lo que facilita la comparación de los resultados. En este sentido, el análisis de los BIM Execution Plans (BEPs) propuestos proporciona información útil de cómo se han realizado los diferentes diseños. A pesar del interés y la utilidad de estos resultados, no se han llevado a cabo comparaciones de las metodologías de trabajo utilizadas por los diferentes equipos presentados. Para resolver este problema, este trabajo analiza los BEPs de los proyectos presentados en las ediciones del concurso internacional BIM Valladolid. Este análisis muestra los software más utilizados en cada disciplina. También se presenta la evolución del software utilizado por los equipos en las diferentes ediciones, así como los flujos de información entre los software de modelado y análisis estructural de las propuestas.

A study on practical problems and process of apartment design BIM for safety environment review

건설과정에 디지털화 수준을 높임으로서 낮은 생산성의 건설산업 문제를 극복하려는 방법으로 BIM 프로세스를 적용한 방법이 제시되고 있으며, 이를 위해 건설과정 첫 단계인 건축설계단계 생성 정보부터 3차원 기반 디지털 데이터로 구축하고 있다. 건축설계 BIM적용은 도서정합성 향상과 물량산출, 복잡부위에 대한 시각화 등으로 활용되어 효과를 예상할 수 있다. 특히 향후 공동주택설계에서 범죄예방분석 및 일조분석 등 안전한 환경을 사전에 검토 가능하도록 BIM 모델을 구축하는 것이 중요한 과제일 것으로 보인다. 하지만 증가되는 BIM프로젝트 실적 대비, 직접 BIM기반 설계 실적은 증가되지 못하고 있다. 본 연구는 적용 효과가 예상되지만 실제 직접 BIM기반 설계가 진행되지 못하는 요인을 분석하기 위해 건축설계 환경적 측면과 ‘D’사 공동주택 설계BIM 프로젝트 프로세스 분석을 진행하였다. 이를 통해 건축설계단계에서 추가되는 업무와 대가 관계를 확인하였다. 그리고 BIM설계 프로젝트는 발주되지만2D기반 방식에 초점이 맞춰진 일정과 프로세스를 확인할 수 있었다. 더불어BIM기반 프로젝트 참여자 즉, 설계자와 발주자의 BIM 설계 특성 이해 부족도영향을 미치고 있었다. 이런 문제점 개선을 위해 공종별 특히, 건축 설계인원이 직접 활용할 수 있는 프로세스와 건축설계 정보 생성 성과물에 대한 제도적 보완이 필요할 것으로 추론되었다.A method of applying the BIM process is being proposed as a way to overcome the problem of low productivity in the construction industry by increasing the level of digitalization in the construction process. For this, from the design phase, the first stage of the construction process, the creating of information of the building design is being built with 3D-based digital data. Architectural design BIM application can be used to improve drawing consistency, quantity calculation, and visualization of complex building parts, and these could be effective. Also, it seems to be an important to build a BIM model so that safe environments such as crime prevention analysis and daylight analysis can be reviewed in advance in apartment housing design. However, compared to the increasing BIM project list, the direct BIM-based design performance has not increased yet. This study is to analyze the factors that prevent direct BIM-based design from proceeding, and the architectural design environmental aspects and the BIM project process for D company s apartment house design were analyzed. Through this, the relationship between additional work scopes and fees in the design phase was confirmed. And although the BIM design project was ordered, the schedule and process focused on the 2D-based method could be confirmed. In addition, the lack of understanding of BIM design characteristics of project participants, that is, designers and clients, was also having an impact. In order to improve this issue, it was inferred that institutional supplementation for each type of work, especially the process and architectural design information creation results that can be directly utilized by architectural designers, is necessary.

Assessing the Duration of the Lead Appointed Party Coordination Tasks and Evaluating the Appropriate Team Composition on BIM Projects

This paper addresses critical success factors for the delivery of BIM projects. The lack of experience with BIM projects on both the demand and supply side often leads to insufficient project teams, unsatisfied clients, schedule, and cost overruns. In order to better structure and control the information delivery in BIM projects requirements, planning and delivery must be standardized. The latter was achieved by EIR (Exchange Information Requirements), new BIM roles, BEP (BIM Execution Plan), and specified digital handover, which must be supported by a common data environment (CDE). This paper provides an analysis of the characteristics of BIM project delivery and duration in Architectural and Engineering companies in Slovakia. The analysis is based on the web survey of BIM managers and coordinators, which reveals that a significant amount of BIM project efforts must be executed by BIM specialists. The results also graphically depict the scope of critical BIM activities across project phases. The presented study is relevant for various project stakeholders and allows for a deeper understanding of the resources needed for the successful delivery of BIM projects in terms of adequate project team capacity, capability, organization, and planning.

The level of detail for 4D BIM modeling

4D modeling has been actively developing over the past decade along with the progress of BIM implementation. 4D model can provide enhanced early decisions about the space-temporal criticality of work elements. This models is a collection of graphical and scheduling information about an object. These inputs can have different levels of detail (LOD). In creating and using BIM projects, the LOD of datasets is an important aspect. However, to date there is limited research thoroughly investigating the issue of LOD within 4D models. The article provides an overview of studies related to the level of detail for 4D models, and also describes the impact of LOD on the final 4D model.

THE INFLUENCE OF KNOWLEDGE AND PERSUASION IN BIM-FM INTEGRATION AT THE EARLY PHASE OF A BIM PROJECT

Traditionally, Facility Managers (FM) have often been handed over large numbers of files (hard and soft copies) consisting of among others drawings, specifications, operation and maintenance manuals together with product data sheets in order for them to carry out their tasks in managing facilities. This practice may indicate that information exchange between the AEC and FM phases is still fragmented. The FM phase of the construction project life cycle remains the most disconnected from the rest of the cycle. Therefore, the integration of FM at the early phase of BIM project is expected to fully engage BIM technology and bring potential significant value to assets and estates. This paper is part of a research that aims to identify the influence of knowledge and persuasion on deciding whether to adopt or reject BIM-FM integration at the early phase of BIM. Rogers' Theory of Diffusion of Innovation (DoI) has been applied to support the formation of the conceptual framework. Connecting the organisational characteristics associated with adoption innovation literature with the factors influencing the integration process (innovation characteristics, adopter characteristics, internal and external environment characteristics) brings interesting research potential that is not commonly investigated. This paper aims to have a relatively comprehensive view of the factors that can influence the adoption or rejection of BIM-FM integration at the early stage of the decision phase.

Cross information and BIM interoperability tools for energy retrofit analysis

In recent years the Building Energy Modelling (BEM) has emerged. It is based on BIM technology, that uses pre-designed BIM models to create an input for BEM tools, providing an opportunity to make BEM a time-saving, practical and accurate process. This format works quite efficiently for geometric information, while it presents interoperability issues due technical data loss. This study aims at creating a tool that collects and imports information in the BIM model in order to be exported by the IFC standard and read by the energy analysis software, crossing from BIM to BEM model. Considering the complexity of historic buildings’ energy retrofit design, it is crucial to find and develop a fluid method that can automatically transfer the needed information, reducing considerably the time spent on preparing the BEM model. To achieve this goal, an open source Visual Programming Language tool and a specific Property Set for IFC exportation have been used. It was possible to transfer the needed parameters, while restricting as much as possible the human’s transcription mistakes. This approach has been applied to the energy preliminary analyses of an historic farmstead near Milan, proving the decrease in time spent on transcribing, exporting and checking parameters. Due to the possibility of saving and reproducing VPL scripts in different BIM projects, the results of this study will be easily replicable and could be a usable tool for designers.

Cooperative Game Theory Solution to Design Liability Assignment Issues in BIM Projects

AbstractIn building information modeling (BIM) projects, more interactions between parties and more data input to the model lead to changes in roles and design processes, which require redefining p...

A socio-technical intervention in BIM projects – an experimental study in global virtual teams

‘Global Projects’ and ‘Global Virtual Teams’ are revolutionizing the construction industry. An increasing number of multi-national engineering firms are adopting this business model due to the possible advantages of cost and time optimization. However, literature identifies several challenges that the project teams endure in temporarily organizing while transitioning through time and space, some of which include cross-cultural differences in teams and limited richness of the communication media. Perceiving virtual project execution as a multi-variable construct, organizational theorists and sociologists adopt a socio-technical approach to understand the dynamics of action embedded in the process and recommend implementation of pre-process, during process or post process intervention strategies to enable performance. In this paper, we address this research concern through an experimental study conducted across two global universities, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune, India and Washington State University, USA. Around 24 students from each university in ten teams collaborated virtually for a period of 2.5 weeks to develop a 3-dimensional Revit model and a 4-dimensional BIM model in Autodesk Revit and Navisworks, respectively, for a multi-storey residential building. The study aimed to investigate the role of project teams in organizing and coordinating projects tasks and taking a socio-technical approach, explored the role of a BIM Execution Plan as a pre-process intervention strategy. Data collected through qualitative survey post the experiment was qualitatively analyzed using ethnographic coding techniques. Findings showed that the project and team challenges primarily stemmed from coordination issues and institutional differences. Members significantly mitigated the issues through a proactive approach and a priori planning. The BIM Execution Plan allowed members to instantly get involved with the tasks and plan the process apart from being able to foresee the complexity. Teams emphasized the importance of implementing a detailed BIM Execution Plan during the planning phase for a collaborative and successful project outcome and further observed that pre-process intervention strategy such as a BIM plan was the needed impetus for members to collaborate and coordinate project tasks.

Potentials of Augmented Reality in a BIM based building submission process

The digital transformation in the construction industry, which is also referred to as Construction 4.0, is gaining impact in recent years. BIM as the central point for model-based planning and communication is at the centre of this development. This paves the way for the implementation of further technologies, such as augmented reality (AR) or artificial intelligence (AI) in the construction process. However, the submission process currently receives little attention in the BIM project cycle, even though it has a significant impact on a building project. There is a huge potential for the application of BIM and AR in the building submission process. BIM allows partly automatic compliance checks to be performed. The BIM model and the results of these checks can be used as basis for the AR model. This paper investigates an application for AR in a BIM submission process. Here we show that especially the plan check process and hearings in the approval process can be improved and sped up by combining BIM and the visualization technology of AR. In this process, AR can support the building authority in checking the compliance with building regulations. Additionally, non-experts involved often have problems grasping the planned building project just based on the technical 2D plans. In this case, AR helps them to visualise the impact of the planned project and allows for better judgement. Use-cases are presented, showing strategies to improve the plan check process and assist the building authority as well as the persons involved, for both experts as well as non-experts. Finally, the requirements, technical implementations, and effects of an AR application for the plan check process are described. An AR-supported plan checking process can vastly improve the presentation of technical content. This leads to better understanding and more transparency for non-experts. Because AR is relatively easy to use, it might become ubiquitous not only to experts, but also to the general public.

TINGKAT IMPLEMENTASI DAN HAMBATAN ADOPSI BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING PADA PELAKU PROYEK KONSTRUKSI DI BALI

Many countries have established implementation strategies for the use of BIM in construction projects which have resulted in the widespread adoption of BIM. To catch up, the Ministry of PUPR has launched the Indonesia Digital Construction Roadmap 2017-2024 through 4 stages, namely the Adoption, Digitalization, Collaboration, and Integration stages. However, currently at the Adoption stage of the Roadmap, it is still focused on only a few PUPR infrastructure projects. This is due to problems such as the unavailability of policies and regulations for implementing BIM for the entire PUPR infrastructure sector, the lack of mastery of BIM from both Users and Service Providers, the project scale is not yet massive so that the price of BIM software is felt to be still burdening the Provider. This study aims to investigate the mastery of BIM through a study of the level of use, implementation, and identification of the dominant barriers to BIM adoption, especially for construction project actors in Bali. This research is expected to help construction industry practitioners to understand the challenges of BIM adoption in Bali. Data collection was carried out by survey method using a questionnaire. Respondents were selected using the purposive sampling method, namely experts in construction projects in Bali. The method of analysis is descriptive statistics which includes central tendency measurement, variability measurement, and the Relative Importance Index (RII). The survey results from all respondents showed that the adoption rate of BIM for construction project actors in Bali was 19%. Level of BIM implementation of construction project actors in Bali were 89% at BIM level 1 and 11% were at BIM level 2. The dominant obstacles in BIM adoption are the high cost of adoption, lack of experts, lack of government role in encouraging BIM adoption, difficulty changing work processes and there is no standard and protocol in applying BIM in the project.

A Taxonomy of Sources of Waste in BIM Information Flows

Since its introduction, Building Information Modelling has evolved into a major technology in the construction industry, where information flows play a major role. However, the very presence of waste within these flows prevents the technology from reaching its full potential. This paper aims to develop a taxonomy focused on the sources of waste within information flows in BIM projects, as existing taxonomies focus primarily on work and material flows. Using a collaborative design science research approach, the study was divided into two phases: first, semi-structured interviews were used to collect data on BIM practices. The data was then used to identify similarities and contradictions in the information flows using process maps. Second, the ShareLab approach was used to validate the findings through a common agreement. The paper’s main contribution is the taxonomy of sources of waste in BIM project information flows, as it closes knowledge gaps in one of the main flows of construction projects. Another contribution is its use of a new approach to validate an artefact in a Design Science Research methodology named the ShareLab approach.

A multivariate regression approach toward prioritizing BIM adoption barriers in the Ethiopian construction industry

PurposeBuilding information modeling (BIM) is a process of creating an intelligent virtual model integrating project data from design to construction and operation. BIM models enhance the process of communicating the progress of construction to stakeholders and facilitate integrated project delivery, coordination and clash detection. However, barriers within the construction industry in Ethiopia has led to slow BIM adoption in the country. The aim of this paper is to identify perceived BIM barriers, provide a platform to quantify their importance and develop a regression model to link individual's personal/professional attributes to their perception of BIM barrier.Design/methodology/approachTo address the objectives of this research, an online survey was developed to collect feedback from construction professionals in Ethiopia on 20 major adoption barriers extracted from a thorough review of literature. Relative importance index and strength of consensus metric were employed to identify the significance of barriers. This was then succeeded by performing exploratory factor analysis to determine the major constructs of BIM barriers which was then used to develop a multivariate regression model linking respondents' personal attributes to their perception of BIM barrier.FindingsResults revealed the importance of project complexity and BIM maturity level in prioritizing barriers that are more relevant under various contexts. More specifically, results indicated the following study highlights: Project complexity led to higher perceived weights for lack of appropriate physical/cloud infrastructures, and a BIM standard. Higher levels of BIM maturity signified the importance of BIM internal issues such as liability, licensing and maintenance issues among other adoption barriers. Female participants tended not to consider intangibility of BIM benefits as a major barrier towards BIM adoption compared to male participants. Age of the participants turned out to be the least important factor in their prioritization of BIM perceived adoption barriers.Originality/valueWhile many research studies have explored BIM adoption barriers in various countries around the world, none to the best of the authors' knowledge have attempted to develop a model to highlight the impact of individuals' personal/professional attributes on their perception of adoption barriers within their community which can help with prioritizing the barriers that are deemed to be more important given the characteristics of the community under study. Our result indicated the importance of BIM maturity level and project complexity in prioritizing barriers associated with BIM adoption within Ethiopia's construction industry.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Remodeling characteristics of slope rock and soil and BIM-based refined management of engineering cost

The construction industry is a labor-intensive industry in China. Due to the unsaturation of pore gas, the unsaturation of soil mechanical properties is more complicated than saturation. Changes in water and gas will cause changes in soil attractiveness, which will further affect the mechanical properties and permeability of the soil, and even threaten the stability of the slope. Therefore, in order to study such engineering problems, it is necessary to comprehensively and correctly understand the changes of unsaturated soils during the drying and wetting cycles, and to investigate the reasons for the changes in order to scientifically analyze the stress state of unsaturated soils. Because of the continuous advancement of technology, people’s comfort requirements for the function, appearance, and structure of buildings are also constantly improving. Especially in some modern large-scale construction projects, due to the large number of contractors, the amount of information that needs to be analyzed in the construction process is compared. The requirements for large and project engineering management are getting higher and higher, which makes the difficulty of the project greatly increased. Relying on traditional information communication and management methods, project cost management becomes difficult. Project cost management is one of the core contents of project management, and its management effect directly affects the final value of the project. On the basis of the continuous improvement of management ideas and theories in manufacturing management activities, project cost management introduces BIM technology currently active in the construction industry. Based on the characteristics of BIM core technology and BIM model software, it carries out in-depth research, explores the connection between BIM Technology and project cost management, and constructs the fine management mode of project cost.

BIM Supported Surveying and Imaging Combination for Heritage Conservation

As the basis for analysis and management of heritage assets, 3D laser scanning and photogrammetric 3D reconstruction have been probed as adequate techniques for point cloud data acquisition. The European Directive 2014/24/EU imposes BIM Level 2 for government centrally procured projects as a collaborative process of producing federated discipline-specific models. Although BIM software resources are intensified and increasingly growing, distinct specifications for heritage (H-BIM) are essential to driving particular processes and tools to efficiency shifting from point clouds to meaningful information ready to be exchanged using non-proprietary formats, such as Industry Foundation Classes (IFC). This paper details a procedure for processing enriched 3D point clouds into the REVIT software package due to its worldwide popularity and how closely it integrates with the BIM concept. The procedure will be additionally supported by a tailored plug-in to make high-quality 3D digital survey datasets usable together with 2D imaging, enhancing the capability to depict contextualized important graphical data to properly planning conservation actions. As a practical example, a 2D/3D enhanced combination is worked to accurately include into a BIM project, the length, orientation, and width of a big crack on the walls of the Castle of Torrelobatón (Spain) as a representative heritage building.