Abstract
As the basis for analysis and management of heritage assets, 3D laser scanning and photogrammetric 3D reconstruction have been probed as adequate techniques for point cloud data acquisition. The European Directive 2014/24/EU imposes BIM Level 2 for government centrally procured projects as a collaborative process of producing federated discipline-specific models. Although BIM software resources are intensified and increasingly growing, distinct specifications for heritage (H-BIM) are essential to driving particular processes and tools to efficiency shifting from point clouds to meaningful information ready to be exchanged using non-proprietary formats, such as Industry Foundation Classes (IFC). This paper details a procedure for processing enriched 3D point clouds into the REVIT software package due to its worldwide popularity and how closely it integrates with the BIM concept. The procedure will be additionally supported by a tailored plug-in to make high-quality 3D digital survey datasets usable together with 2D imaging, enhancing the capability to depict contextualized important graphical data to properly planning conservation actions. As a practical example, a 2D/3D enhanced combination is worked to accurately include into a BIM project, the length, orientation, and width of a big crack on the walls of the Castle of Torrelobatón (Spain) as a representative heritage building.
Highlights
H-Building Information Modeling (BIM) is regularly oriented to create an information repository for documentation and recording activities, condition monitoring, and conservation planning fitted to each specific case
Crack monitoring is a typical and widespread problem for the built heritage; this paper presents an opportunity for a cost-effective, reliable study aimed at evaluating the feasibility of the 2D/3D enhanced combination into BIM to measure the length, orientation, and width of cracks accurately
Unlike the new-build construction sector, where BIM is increasingly applied at the international level, with scores of relevant publications and online content, H-BIM is still a field of applied research and appears less popular in terms of adoption by heritage professionals despite the obliged compliance with the European Directive 2014/24/EU
Summary
Quality point clouds as raw data are the basis of 3D modeling methodologies. Photogrammetric 3D reconstruction is low cost, flexible, quick, and able to produce truthful models of complex objects in terms of point density and accuracy. On the contrary, when high level details are required, the processing time can become exceptionally long due to the image matching software, which requires powerful hardware resources as well. From this point of view, 3D laser scanning still remains the best technology for providing fullresolution scans in real time. Hybrid approaches combining photogrammetric reconstruction and laser scanning for 3D documentation can be used for the shape of 3D features to be determined in a flexible and accurate way by means of common 3D data processing tools [2]
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