Abstract
A three-dimensional (3D) laser scanner with characteristics such as acquiring huge point cloud data and noncontact measurement has revolutionized the surveying and mapping industry. Nonetheless, how to guarantee the 3D laser scanner precision remains the critical factor that determines the excellence of 3D laser scanners. Hence, this study proposes a 3D laser scanner error analysis and calibration-method-based D-H model, applies the D-H model method in the robot area to the 3D laser scanner coordinate for calculating the point cloud data and creatively derive the error model, comprehensively analyzes six external parameters and seven inner structure parameters that affect point cloud coordinator error, and designs two calibration platforms for inner structure parameters. To validate the proposed method, we used SOKKIA total station and BLSS-PE 3D laser scanner to attain the center coordinate of the testing target sphere and then evaluate the external parameters and modify the point coordinate. Based on modifying the point coordinate, comparing the point coordinate that considered the inner structure parameters with the point coordinate that did not consider the inner structure parameters, the experiment revealed that the BLSS-PE 3D laser scanner’s precision enhanced after considering the inner structure parameters, demonstrating that the error analysis and calibration method was correct and feasible.
Highlights
A three-dimensional (3D) laser scanner with characteristics such as acquiring huge point cloud data and noncontact measurement has revolutionized the surveying and mapping industry
The measurement accuracy of the Riegl LMS-Q140I-80 3D laser scanner was evaluated in another study [7], and the experimental results revealed that the actual measurement accuracy corroborated
A study [8] assumed that the system error type of the ground 3D laser scanner was similar to that of the total station and, proposed the concept of the 3D laser scanner calibration model, including nine parameters such as rotation angle, translation between three shafts of a 3D laser scanner, and instrument addition and multiplication constant
Summary
2.1. 3D Laser Scanning Principle. e fundamental principle of the 3D laser scanner is that, first, a drive scanner is used to rotate in the axial direction by the axial motor and the axial rotation angle α is obtained by using an angle encoder and, second, a drive scanner is used to rotate in the radial direction by the radial motor and the radial rotation angle β is obtained by using an angle encoder; at the same time, the laser sensor measures the fly time and evaluates the distance S to the target. e point P space coordinates (shown in Figure 1) calculating formula is as follows:. E fundamental principle of the 3D laser scanner is that, first, a drive scanner is used to rotate in the axial direction by the axial motor and the axial rotation angle α is obtained by using an angle encoder and, second, a drive scanner is used to rotate in the radial direction by the radial motor and the radial rotation angle β is obtained by using an angle encoder; at the same time, the laser sensor measures the fly time and evaluates the distance S to the target. E point P space coordinates (shown in Figure 1) calculating formula is as follows:. Distance S calculating formula is S (1/2)c · t, where c is the speed at which a laser travels through the atmosphere and t is the round-trip time of laser flying
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