Beginning Of XXI Century Research Articles

The specifics of rubai in Belarusian poetry end of XX – beginning of XXI century

The specifics of rubai in Belarusian poetry end of XX – beginning of XXI century

ПЕРЕХОД К НООНОМИКЕ, ПРОБЛЕМЫ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО СУВЕРЕНИТЕТА И РЕГИОНАЛЬНОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ

Modern Russia is now at the transitional phase of its development. This transition is related to the major transformation of civilizational trends which has been outlined in the beginning of XXI century. Macro-shocks of last years, first pandemic and then sanctional, has forced this transformation giving it an irreversible character. This leads to the re-orientation of the civilizational path to the direction: modern socioeconomic system – new industrial society of the second generation – noonomy. The article considers features of the development with given direction, taking into account features of modern challenges, including the context of a necessity to ensure technological sovereignty of Russia. Emphasis is put on the contribution of regions into these processes, also a necessity of correction is mentioned in relation to the renewed conditions, systems of regional politics.

Идеологическая и структурная трансформация индусской националистической организации Раштрия сваямсевак сангх в конце XX – начале XXI в.

The article examines the ideology of Hindu nationalism in the domestic politics of modern India through the prism of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh socio-political activities. The author determines the relations of the organization with its branches and mechanisms for regulating internal conflicts between them. The purpose of the article is to consider and analyze the ideological and structural transformation of the organization at the end of the XX and the beginning of XXI centuries, in particular, the strategy for the inclusion of Indian Muslims in the Hindu nationalist mainstream. The article uses descriptive, historical-genetic, chronological, comparative and structural-functional methods. The author analyses the development of Hindutva ideology in the works of V. D. Savarkar and M. S. Golvalkar; the campaigns for the rapprochement of the Hindu and Muslim communities conducted by the organization and its branches, as well as the structural and ideological transformations of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and the Sangh Parivar. The article pays particular attention to the attitude of Hindutva ideologues towards minorities, specifically Indian Muslims. At the end of the XX century significant political and economic changes in India contributed to the complication of Indian society, which affected both the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and the Sangh Parivar’s membership and ideological orientation. New branches have emerged to defend the interests of groups that were not previously in the orbit of the organization’s interests. At the same time, the successes of the Bharatiya Janata Party, the main political asset of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, and the desire to consolidate them prompted the search for additional electoral support from the Muslim part of the country’s population. The changes demonstrate the organization’s willingness to change both structurally and ideologically in order to gain mass support in changing India. However, despite the changes, some bias towards Indian Muslims and concerns about inclusion of new Muslim branches remain.

Media technologies in the english lesson as a technical tool and media education

While presenting at English language lessons in ordinary Karakalpak schools, you can often see students sitting passively at desks and trying to speak only when the teacher calls them. Due to the fact that most students do not have the opportunity to speak foreign language outside the classroom, learning English turns into memorization of grammatical forms and vocabulary, exercises in translation from Karakalpak into English and vice versa. With the spread of new information technologies, teachers have received opportunity use various media for enrichment language environment of their class. If in the 80s of the last century in the teacher’s arsenal foreign language were audio recordings and educational TV shows (language labs in special schools and language departments of universities), and at the end o f 90s a n d the beginning of XXI century on helping teachers computer CD-ROMs, video, satellite TV and the Internet came into our life

Processes of borrowing vocabulary in the Russian end Chinese languages of the end of XX – beginning of XXI centuries (comparative aspect)

The article focuses on the sources and processes of borrowing vocabulary in the Chinese and Russian languages of the late XX – early XXI centuries in a comparative aspect, including the dynamics of the functioning of borrowed lexical units. Using national corpora of both languages we compared similar units borrowed by Russian and Chinese languages, analyzing the functioning frequency of these words in the texts of the studied languages.

Политическое, правовое просвещение и гражданское общество в России

The article analyzes political and legal education as a way of development of Russia's civil society in the be-ginning of XXI century. The role of the processes of learning and acquiring new competences in the youth envi-ronment, the ways and methods of its implementation are shown. Outlines the function of the Public Chamber in the formation of a new type of civil society in the Russian Federation. The substantive and organizational aspects of ensuring the civic engagement of the individual, preparing young people for integration into the sys-tem of political, legal, social, ethical relations are considered. Analyzing the problems of natural formation of civil society in modern Russia, the development of effective mechanisms to educate the population and the development of its active civic position is the theoretical significance of the article. Therefore, it is necessary to study the process of formation of civic identity in the national science.

On the question of the establishment and development of languages education in Canada (XVII - the beginning of XXI century)

The article is devoted to the study of the theoretical and organizational foundations of language teaching in the Canadian education system in the context of globalization processes and multilingual society. The work presents a retrospective analysis of the formation and development of language teaching in the Canadian education system from the beginning of organized education to the beginning of the 21st century, highlights certain issues of state regulation in the field of language education in Canada. The socio-political context of the development of multilingualism in Canada is analyzed and the stages of formation and development of a multilingual society are determined.The work reveals the peculiarities of the organization of L1, L2 and FL learning at various levels of the Canadian education system. The conceptual ideas of language learning in Canadian pedagogical research are defined; the specifics of language training of citizens in the Canadian education system, taking into account the bilingual nature of society, are identified; the newest methods and trends in development of language education in Canada are reviewed.On the basis of a comparison of the language training practice in Ukraine and Canada, certain elements of the positive Canadian experience have been identified, which are expedient to use in the national education system in the conditions of the creation of the European context of language education.

On the Question of Formation and Development of the Animation Industry in the XX — Beginning of XXI Century

The purpose of the article is to analyze distinct aspects of the formation and development of the animation industry during XX — at the beginning of XXI century in connection with the movie industry and broadcasting mainly in the USA that allows a deep understanding of the essence and peculiarities of audiovisual industry functioning as the separate segment of creative industry.
 The methodology. On the basis of the historical approach and also methods of data collecting and analytical and synthetical processing, qualitative analysis of development was conducted. It was found out that today the animation industry is a separate segment of audiovisual industry, that had overcome a difficult way of development in co-evolution with the movie and TV industries that have survived in the globalization of production and its distribution.
 The results. The industry of animation appeared in the USA under the influence of cinematography and its further formation was determined by two main factors: technological development that enabled diversified markets and products, improved animators’ ability to express their own creative ideas, besides, assisted to enlarge the global market and many regional market niches, and also the tendency of cost decrease of production that provided the basic conditions for the animation production in other countries-subcontractors. 
 After the World War II a sharp drop in showing animated cartoons in the cinema was observed but with the appearance and spreading of TV for the animated industry new possibilities became available. Significant changes happened in 1980 when after almost a decade break, 2D animated films were actively made for the cinemas, and within the animated industry two measurements were formed — local-artisanal and global Hollywood system. Technological determinism brought new markets and two tendencies into animated production: mass production for the non-theatrical markets, CGI in the world market. Using cheap software and fast rendering of CGI-animation have changed forever the TV animation and had a huge influence on the geography of the animated industry.
 The scientific novelty. Analysis of the animation through the prism of branch industrialization during XX — beginning XXI century.
 The practical significance. The material of the given article can be used for the development of program or strategies for the animated industry development in Ukraine as a foreign experience.

RECOGNITION OF A LANDSCAPE TECHNO-SPHERE AS A NEW GEOSPHERE

The second half of XX century – the beginning of XXI century are characterized by the active development of a global ecological crisis, which is described by a critical state of the environment and excessive anthropogenization of a geographical sphere. The changes which lead to the formation of absolutely new techno-genic landscapes occur at very fast rates in current geo-spheres. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the recognition of a new geo-sphere – a landscape techno- sphere – based on the previous experience and our field research. The main tasks of the research are to analyze specific features and properties of a landscape techno-sphere; to identify its upper and lower borders; to study a structural organization of all options of a landscape sphere with available techno-substances; to characterize briefly the main stages of the development of a techno- sphere.
 The research of a landscape techno-sphere is a complicated process and it is based on the use of classical and innovative methodological principles of contemporary geography. A parallel application of three scientific paradigms is the foundation: system, model and ecological. They do not contradict each other; they rather compliment the studying of the interaction between nature and engineering. A system approach allows considering a techno-sphere as a complicated system of a lower taxonomic range of a landscape sphere and a geographical sphere. The following generally accepted scientific methods are used in the paper: analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, systematization, induction and deductions.
 The article substantiates the existence of a new geosphere – the landscape techno-sphere, which is formed by the planetary set of landscape-technical systems. it is noted that it does not have a continuous distribution, but is constantly increasing in size and gradually goes beyond the landscape. The specific features and properties of the landscape techno-sphere are analyzed in detail. Taking into account the criterion of the presence of a zone of direct contract of three blocks of landscape-technical systems (managerial, technical and natural), the upper and lower limits of the landscape techno-sphere are identified. The structure of all variants of the landscape sphere in the presence of technological substances is considered. The main periods of development of the landscape techno-sphere are briefly described. It is concluded that man will never be able to control landscape-technical systems on a planetary scale. However, applying the methods and principles of engineering landscape research, it is possible to achieve optimal interaction of the three blocks of landscape-technical systems and to extend their functional suitability.

Die Freiheit – das besondere Kennzeichen einer modernen Jugenderziehung

The author of the article struggles with a paradox: the post-modern age which views itself as pluralistic nonetheless appears to yearn for upbringing. At the beginning of XXI century, the dissonance between human development, full participation in a wide range of spiritual culture and a tendency to strictly technical education, oriented mainly on efficiency and profits appears in a full range. In this context it is important to educate young people in the responsible use of the gift of freedom. The author of this article presents freedom as a characteristic sign of youth education in the present century. He also shows the pluralism of values and upbringing aimed towards freedom. The author also underlines the Christian approach to freedom, understood as both a gift and a task received from God. Pedagogy of freedom is not a question of transmitting human knowledge, even of the highest kind; it is rather a question of responsibly communicating with God and people. God Himself used a pedagogy that must continue to be a model for the pedagogy of freedom.

Юбилей «Геоботанического картографирования»: некоторые итоги

The journal “Geobotanical mapping” presents the main stages and directions of the vegetation cartography development in Russia (USSR) and abroad over the past 60 years. The 1960–1980s were a period of some theoretical generalizations, the development of new types of maps initiated by the V. B. Sochava’s botanical cartographic school in Irkutsk. Since the late 1980s up to the present thematic mapping has been actively improved due to implementation of GIS technologies, automatic interpretation of remote sensing data, and usage of high-resolution space spectral images. The main directions of the vegetation mapping published in the “Geobotanical mapping” journal at the beginning of XXI century are: 1) global and regional differentiation of vegetation cover, macrostructures, evolutionary constructions; 2) vegetation dynamics, predictive mapping; 3) ecological and phytoecological mapping, ecoregions; 4) large-scale inventory and assessment mapping; 5) spatial structure of vegetation cover, typology of territorial units; 6) mapping as the basis for geobotanical zoning; 7) mapping of habitats and biotopes. The vegetation map organizes the information that is needed for mapping — data on vegetation classification; ecology of vegetation, the distribution of plant communities, their types, dominant’s coverage, vertical and horizontal structure of communities. The map is suitable for further cartometric and morphometric analysis and obtaining map information that was not explicitly included in the mapping process. The cartometric indicators such as size, shape, length of the perimeter of contours, areal ratio of various types etc. require their carefully tested interpretation from the standpoint of knowledge of processes and phenomena in vegetation. The vegetation map is not only the final result of vegetation study, it is a reason to organize scientific branches of geobotany — vegetation classification, dynamics, structure — into a certain sequence. Geobotanical mapping raises the question of correspondence of two basic concepts of vegetation science — the plant community and the vegetation cover continuum. The study of characteristics of vegetation cover structures, geobotanical zoning units helps us to the study of vegetation continuum, and the categories of common species, differentiating species and some others can be implemented.

The japanese-american military-political alliance: secrets of longevity

The article analyzes an evolution of the Japanese-American military-political alliance in the end of XX - in the beginning of XXI centuries under influence of the increased of political, economical and military potential of Japan and also radical reorganization of international relations in the period of detente in Soviet-American relations, in the end of cold war, disintegration of the Soviet Union, the rise of China, aggravation of international situation after the start of the limited special operation of Russia in Ukraine. Military potential of the Japanese was evaluated, as well as the possibility of Japanese self-defense forces to repel limited attack on Japanese territory and plans of the government of Japan for improvement of the defense potential of the state. With it all, there are noted a serious shortcomings of Japanese potential of deterrence of possible threats for security and preservation of relay on the U.S. «nuclear umbrella», as well as assistance of American armed forces in repel of aggression. In this connection, there is a prognosis, especially in view of radically changes global international situation and relations in the Asia-Pacific region, that the Japanese-American military-political alliance will be preserved in all probability.

«Marpha and Maria» for eight cellos by Oleksandr Shchetynsky: integration/disintegration as a principle of timbre organization

Statement of the problem. Compositional practice of XX – beginning of XXI centuries is marked by radical reconsideration of timbre. In many cases it becomes a factor creating the very sense and compositional organization of the work. Timbre being reconsidered and recognized as a main factor of music expression in the first half of XX century became just a beginning of “delving” into timbre, a process that in the second half of the century started to occur in the domain of electroacoustic music as well. The research of timbre is developed in the same multifaceted manner, on the basis of completely different works, with different goals, with inclusion of the achievements of different branches of humanitarian studies (results of studying of semantics of timbre), as well as science and computer technologies (research of specifics of timbre in electroacoustic music). The topic of this article is inspired by the growing relevancy of the research of timbre as a leading parameter of music of XX–XXI centuries in Ukrainian and foreign scholarly works. The relevancy of the chosen theme is also caused by the interest in the creativity of modern Ukrainian composers, including O. Shchetynsky. Recent research and publications. Theoretical basis of the article consists of Ukrainian and foreign sources devoted to timbre: articles and thesis of Yu. Ishchenko (2012a; 2012b), O. Zharkov (2002; 2017; 2020) O. Voytenko (2012), S. Korobetska (2003), H. Kosenko (2018), R. Kashyrtsev (2022), P. Boulez (1999), D. Smalley (1994). Also, this basis is broadened by the research of the creativity by O. Shchetynsky: by P. Rud (2021) and H. Savchenko (2021; 2023). The objectives of the studу. The aim of the article is to research specifics of timbre organization in the work “Marpha and Maria” for the ensemble of eight cellos on the basis of juxtaposition of articulation (disintegration) and joining (integration). The scientific novelty of the results of the article is caused by the fact that the work “Marpha and Maria” has not been analysed before, including the peculiarities of timbre organization. Results and conclusion. One of the main principles of timbre organization in orchestral and ensemble music is interaction of articulation (disintegration) and joining (integration). In the work “Marpha and Maria” these principles, firstly, create logically-constructive basis of timbre organization; secondly, they acquire symbolical meaning (juxtaposition of calmness and rush, constant and changing), which helps to incarnate the programmatic idea. These principles act simultaneously and consecutively, in the vertical dimension of the texture (between the lines and layers) and in the horizontal dimension of the composition (between the segments). Realization of timbre integration (joining) and disintegration (differentiation) is aided by the following: texture, type of themes, register, dynamics, agogics, ways of producing the sound.

Theoretic-methodological aspects of management of human capacity

From the beginning of XXI century, the human resources started to be considered as a main aspect specifying the efficiency of the activity of a whole enterprise. The new role of the human in an enterprise and the quality changes in the economy turned the issues of an effective use of the human capacity and the advancement of the management mechanisms into an urgent task. The market relationships drastically changed the approaches to the solution of many economic issues, and foremost, the management of the human resources. A successful activity of an enteprise (in this case the industrial enterprises) is achieved due to the qualified staff which passed initial professional training, have an education, job skills, professional experience in the selected fields of activity. Only the personnel that have an idea of the purpose of its activity and aim for the achievement of a company’s goals can reach high results.

Le condizioni delle foreste italiane stanno peggiorando a causa di eventi climatici estremi? Evidenze dalle reti di monitoraggio nazionali ICP Forests - CON.ECO.FOR.

Tree defoliation and mortality are triggered in Europe by extreme climatic events that are recurring since the beginning of XXI century. Data from the ICP Forests monitoring networks reveal a general worsening of tree conditions in the last ten years, as consequence of the drought and heat waves that affected the Southern (2017) and Central Europe (2018-2019). In Italy a significant increase of defoliation and tree mortality, assessed on the extensive (Level I) monitoring network, was observed after the 2017 dry summer, which impacted mainly the broadleaved forests (beech and oak forests) in the peninsular regions. Coniferous forests of the alpine belt were severely impacted in 2021, probably because of the co-occurrence of multiple causes, involving windstorm and bark beetle attacks. Chestnut forests suffer from pest (insect and pathogen) attacks. The intensive (Level II) monitoring network provides cases of study and allows to carry out specific cause-effect studies concerning the physiological effects on the environmental impacts, as well to observe the ecological processes following the disturbing events. Defoliation caused by drought or pest attacks induces the loss of physiological defenses (namely non-structural carbohydrates), that need several years to be restored. Then, the occurrence of more frequent and repeated heat and drought waves can produce irreversible effects. In this view, the long-term forest health monitoring is key to detect the extent and direction of changes in forest structure and composition, and represents an important tool for forest conservation and management.

Mudflow processes in Georgia

Natural calamities become more topical in the beginning of XXI century, as the pressure of them on human environment becomes much heavier. The background of global climate change processes immeasurably increases the risk of uncontrollable natural catastrophes. Among the multi-spectral geological processes in Georgia, the most impressive phenomena are landslides and debris/mudflows, washing out of marine coasts and river banks within the limits of settlements. According to special research data, the landslide, mudflow, and river bank erosion out reactivation processes are growing exponentially from year to year.

Unveiling the effect of N interstitial on the mechanical properties of a CrFeCoNi medium entropy alloy

The high-entropy alloy (HEA) field arise in the beginning of XXI century as novel class of promising materials with outstanding properties. However, since their discovery few studied concern their efforts on the investigation of interstitial elements effect in the microstructure as well as mechanical properties of such alloys. It is well-known that interstitial elements play a key role in the development of many kinds of steels. In this investigation, the effect of 1.5 at% of nitrogen alloying in a CrFeCoNi based medium-entropy alloy (MEA) was assessed in terms of microstructure and mechanical properties. It was observed that the N addition induced an increase in hardness, yield strength, and tensile strength without impair to the ductility of the alloy. A single fcc phase of observed for both CrFeCoNi and CrFeCoNiN alloys. Finally, the ductile characteristic of the fractured surface was verified by SEM analysis and confirmed by the presence of several dimples.

ADYGHE RIDING OF THE XIX – EARLY XXI CENTURIES IN MODERN HISTORIOGRAPHY

Background. For the last ten years small nations start to interest in their national culture. Many researches on adygs traditional upbringing and dzhigitovka appear. The object of research is adyg dzhigitovka described in scientific literature at the beginning of XXI century in Russian and adyg languages, which is based on XIX-beginning of XX century historical sources. The subject of researchis the elements of adygdzhigitovka found in published materials.
 Purpose. The aim of the research is to determine research degree of adyg dzhigitovka and to generate a list of today known elements of adyg dzhigitovka.
 Materials and methods. Works of modern historians, philologists, linguists and educators on dzhigitovka, which is an element of traditional adyg masculine upbringing, are the materials for researching. We use historical and systematic method for determining complete adyg dzhigitovka upbringing complex and we also use the comparative and typological method for systemizing elements of adyg dzhigitovka as a martial art.
 Results. For XIX–XXI centuries adyg dzhigitovka consists of four elements. The most known are those related to martial art. The less known are methodsfor boys physical training. Ideological and sacral parts of adyg masculine upbringing is known from Nartskii epos. And it is also known since adyg scientists Bgazhnokov B.Kh., Kuek M.G. and Kuek A.S., who are culture-bearers, partly desacralize it. Dzhigitovka as a martial art contains many variants of target shooting and a little acrobatic elements. Also there are two or three traditional battle tactics andsome horse tests including practical and sacral ones.
 Practical implications. The results of investigation can be used for reviving adyg dzhigitovka as a part of national athletic upbringing and for saving immaterialcultural heritage of the North Caucasus.

Transformation of the spatial structure of crop production of Cuba at the end of XX - beginning of XXI centuries

Despite the fact that agriculture is one of the oldest economic activities, this industry is constantly in the process of transformation and the speed of these changes is growing. However, these transformations are taking place in diverse ways in different countries and regions of the Earth. The article examines changes in Cuban agriculture that occurred after 1990 in connection with the collapse of the USSR. The disappearance of the Soviet Union from the political map of the world was not the only reason for the beginning of transformations in the Cuban economy, but it became a trigger for reforms in all sectors of the national economic complex. As a starting point for the study, the development of the agricultural sector of Cuba until 1990 was analyzed and the principles of economic policy implemented in the country to overcome the crisis that arose in the industry in the 1990s. The article examines changes in the spatial specialization of crop production in Cuba in recent decades, for which the Localization coefficients of the cultivated areas. This coefficient was calculated for the main agricultural crops (sugar cane, bananas, citrus fruits, fruits, rice, short-cycle food crops and forage crops) and their dynamics for period 1989-2016. Since 1990, there has been a diversification of agriculture in Cuba with an increase in the importance of food crops. According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that the changes that have occurred in the structure of sown areas and their territorial distribution are associated with the need to provide the population of Cuba with food. This led to a reduction in the cultivation of export crops and changes in the specialization of agricultural production at the level of provinces.

The Migration Policy of Kazakhstan (Late XX - The Beginning of XXI Century)

The Migration Policy of Kazakhstan (Late XX - The Beginning of XXI Century)