Beginning Of XXI Century Research Articles

Authenticity of ethnic tourism (based on the example of the congregation of the Karakachans in Bulgaria)

One of the most famous nomadic herders in the Balkans are the Karakachans. Members of this ethnic group show their affiliation to it surrounded by unrelated ethnic communities in several countries in the Balkans. Today in Bulgaria a majority of the representatives of this ethnic group are living in the region of Sliven. At the beginning of XXI century, the district administration of Sliven still has no clear idea about the potential of the well-preserved authentic culture of the Karakachans. In the regional strategy it has been paid particular attention to the anthropogenic resources for tourism development in the region. Based on the preserved folklore traditions through the centuries, identifying the existing and potential demand for products and services in the field of cultural tourism is put as a task. Unfortunately, the annual gathering of the Karakachans is not mentioned as a possibility for creating a special kind of ethnic tourism, which has many benefits for both members of the community and the area itself. The purpose of this study is to summarize the status and future possibilities of ethnic tourism in Sliven following the example of the Karakachan gathering . The collected empirical material is the result of a field research conducted in the 2012–2013 period. This paper goes beyond a mere description of a particular case and provides new knowledge to academics and practitioners.

Актуальные вопросы реновации коммуникативной культуры в условиях информационного общества

The article is devoted to the renovation of the communicative culture within information society. The authors consider the problem of devaluation of verbal communication in terms of technical and technological revolution of the end of XX- beginning of XXI century. They justified the feasibility of using interactive educational technologies for the formation of the communicative potential, improving communication skills. Noteworthy the authors suggest a method to the game as a form of creative development of proactive information underlying the formation of skills of verbal interaction. The authors see advantages of the game in opportunities in displays of emotion of the participants, in the creation of the command of the atmosphere, in overcoming barriers to communication, self-actualization. The task of preserving the language considered in the general cultural context as a means of preserving the national identity and mentality with their inherent picture of the world. Talking about changing cultural studies´ paradigms related to the computerization of modern society, it can be argued that it is the devaluation of the problem field of communicative values. As already mentioned, a very important fact is that the general use of information technology and the recognition of it as an absolute communication channel creates a risk of loss of traditional forms of communication with their ethical and etiquette standards, epistolary genre, rhetorical qualities of speech, appeal paper medium of information as a sign of culture . However, paradoxically, it is contrary to and at the same time thanks to the spread of technological form of communication (SMS, Skype and so on) that there has been a recent renovation of the classic communication channels, which is reflected in the creation of cycles of speech disciplines in the educational system at all levels.

ALCANCES DE LAS POLÍTICAS NACIONALES DE CIENCIA, TECNOLOGÍA E INNOVACIÓN EN EL DEPARTAMENTO DEL ATLÁNTICO

This paper shows national policy limitations on science, technology and innovation as economic and social development specially in Atlantico (Colombia) considering that Science, Technology and Innovation (CODECTI) has played a very limited role although there are social sectors which know aware of their importance and knowledge management, while the economy and growth have excelled in certain situations. This process has happen due to several factors, both among 1850 and 1930 as now, at the beginning of XXI century, when the term of Free Trade Agreement with United States of American has increased investors expectations.

Russia’s Policy on Providing Security in Central Asia at the Beginning of the XXI Century

The importance of the problem under study is suggested by the increasing threats and challenges to the security of Central Asia at the beginning of XXI century as well as the necessity to counteract them. The objectives of the article are to make a research of Russia’s policies on providing regional security in Central Asia from 2000 to 2014. To achieve these objectives the activity of Russia in the region is subdivided into 4 stages, all of which are briefly described. The particular emphasis is given to the role of such international organizations as Shanghai Cooperation Organization and Collective Security Treaty Organization. The materials of the article might be useful in conducting scientific research on the issues of Central Asia, providing lectures and seminars in training, also planning specific measures to counteract the treats of regional security. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s2p219

Glacier size changes in Kronotsky Peninsula and Alney-Chashakondzha Massif, Kamchatka Peninsula in the second half of XX century and the beginning of XXI century

As it is known from recent investigations 448 glaciers are situated on the Kamchatka Peninsula, their total area are about 905 km 2 [8]. More than 80% of them are glaciers of the Sredinny Range and the Klyuchevskaya group that is explained by large altitudes of them. Glaciers of the Kronotsky Penisula are less studied since this territory is practically not influenced by present-day volcanic processes. This paper presents results of investigation of changes in glaciations of the Kronotsky Peninsula and the mountain mass Alney-Chashakondzha (Fig. 1). The following materials are used: 1) the Landsat satellite picture of September 2 nd , 2013; 2) pictures from satellite WorldView-2 of July 20 th , 2010, and of August 1 st , 2012 with spatial resolution of about 1 m; 3) aerial photographs made in August of 1950; 4) topographic maps of the 1:100 000 scale; 5) data from the USSR Glacier Inventory; 6) results of observations at hydrometeorological stations (HMS) Klyuchi and Kronoki (1950–2006) ( www.meteo.ru ). According to data from the USSR Glacier Inventory 32 glaciers were situated on the Kronotsky Peninsula , their total area 91.9 km 2 . By 2013, six glaciers disintegrated. Deciphering of the Landsat pictures did show 50 glaciers. Among them 23 glaciers are presented in the Inventory and they still hold their wholeness; 13 glaciers are segments of six disintegrated ones; 14 glaciers found in the pictures are not presented in the Inventory. Changes in areas of the Kronotsky Peninsula glaciers for period 1950–2013 in dependence on their sizes and expositions are shown in Tables 1 and 2. According to the Inventory 26 glaciers were situated in region of the Alney-Chashakondzha massif , their total area 61.4 km 2 . By 2010, four of them disintegrated. Deciphering of the World-View-2 picture of July 2010 did show 45 glaciers: 20 glaciers are consistent with the Inventory, and they hold their wholeness; 9 glaciers are segments of four disintegrated ones; 16 glaciers found in the pictures are not presented in the Inventory. Changes in areas of the Alney-Chashakondzha glaciers for period 1950–2013 in dependence on their sizes and expositions are shown in Tables 3 and 4. Glaciers on the Kronotsky Peninsula and the Alney-Chashakondzha massif shrink. Since 1950 to 2013 area of Kronotsky glaciers reduced by 18.8 km 2 , or by 22.9% (for glaciers with areas larger 0.5 km 2 ). Area of the Alney-Chashakondzha glaciers reduced for the period since 1950 to 2010 by 11.6 km 2 , or by 19.2%, that is comparable to similar characteristics of glacier systems of Altai, Tien Shan, and Caucasus, and this contraction correlates with changes of basic climatic variations, i.e. rising of summer air temperature and decreasing of solid precipitation.

Assessment of area, volume and ELA of glacial systems in Northeast Russia from satellite images in the beginning of XXI century

The paper compares remotely sensed glacier inventories of the Byrranga, Suntar-Khayata, and Chersky ranges (2003), Koryak Highland and Chukotka mountains (2008) with data from the Inventory of Glaciers of the USSR (1945–1985). We studied changes in glacier area since the Inventory, which was primarily based on aerial photos and field research. The glaciers have been classified by orientation (aspect) and morphological type. Overall the glacierization of the Chersky Range (1970–2003), Suntar-Khayata (1945–2003), Byrranga (1967–2003), Koryak Highland (1950–2003) and Meynypilginsky Range (1984–2008) reduced by about 30, 20, 15, 60 (debatable value) and 25% respectively due to summer temperature rise. Calculation of glacier volumes for the dates indicated in the USSR Glacier Inventory and satellite imagery: during this period in sum for 5 studied glacier regions the area, covered by ice, has decreased by 225.2 km², and ice volume – by 8.7 Gtg. Construction of spatial patterns (maps) of current ELA for 3 different by climate mountain regions – the Suntar-Khayata Mountains– Chersky Range, and Meynypilgynsky Range ( North Far East), showed that despite of retreat of the glaciers, the mean ELA change for the first studied region is not large compared with the data from the Glacier Inventory (100 m ), and significant for the second (100–150 m).

Nontraditional religiosity in Ukraine in the second half of the XX – beginning of XXI centuries: the problem of identification and classification

This article attempts to analyze the causes and spread of non-traditional religiosity in Ukraine, terminological problem use of concepts and generalized classification of non-traditional religiosity.

ІНТЕРПРЕТАЦІЯ ОБРАЗУ ІНШОГО В ДОРОЖНЬОМУ НАРИСІ ЛІТЕРАТУРНОГО ЖУРНАЛУ

Peculiarities of representation and interpretation of the character “The Other” (on basis of travelling essay) are being investigated in this article. The texts of travelling essays from the “Vsesvit”, “Kurier Krivbasu”, “Potyag-76” and “Chetver” magazines were analyzed. The types of representation of the character “The Other” were defined, peculiarities of its interpretation in the Ukrainian cultural context of the end of XX – the beginning of XXI century were retraced.

Monochloramine for Remediation of <i>Legionella</i> Only in Domestic Hot Water Systems: An Iron Fist in a Velvet Glove

Monochloramine is a well-known disinfectant for drinking water with several advantages over chlorine and chlorine dioxide. With these two biocides, monochloramine is included in the US-EPA list of disinfectants for drinking water. At the beginning of XXI century, epidemiological studies demonstrated its superior ability to control Legionella in hot water health-care premises. In 2005 a research program started to set up a reliable and effective method to produce monochloramine directly in domestic hot water systems, at the safest concentration and without accumulation of by-products. Results of these researches, which has been carried out with the collaboration of Italian and American Institutions showed that monochloramine can be safely and reliably prepared and that it is the best approach to Legionella remediation in health-care facilities.

Investment Attraction of Russian Regions in the Beginning of XXI Century

Abstract World practice indicates that investment growth is the basis of economic growth both at the state level and at regional level. The acknowledgement is the experience of the majority of the countries which made a breakthrough in economic development during the last decades. The Russian Federation is a federative state. Under conditions of federative state the regional level in the system of foreign trade activities is fundamental.

Ecological trends at animal husbandry nitrogen utilization

The aim of current work was a part of study for animal husbandry effects on emissions of greenhouse gases and some mitigation strategies between the end of XX and the beginning of XXI century. It?s emphasized on nitrogen (N) balance and its fluctuated values, as well as brings forward attendant factors. As a result, we deducted strong correlation models (R2> 0.89, 0.85, 0.99), as an estimator of the N2O emissions (Gg.CO2-eq), generated by manure management in relation to animal population (monogastric, ruminant, total) among the investigated middle-term periods throughout 1989 - 2011 y for the Bulgarian realities.

Учение И.П. Герасимова об элементарных почвенных процессах и его реализация в различных природных зонах

The theory of elementary soil-forming processes (ESP) proposed by Academician I.P. Gerasimov is discussed both in its initial version, and in its advanced perception in the beginning of XXI century. The progress and success of this theory is highlighted. The implementation of this theory is shown with real examples in various natural environments: tundra, taiga, steppe, deserts and highlands. Disputable aspects in interpreting the elementary soil-forming processes are outlined; they concern the following processes: salinization, solodization, podzolization, lessivage and some other processes. Emphasis is put on the participation of abiotic endogenous agents in the development of elementary soil-forming processes, namely, the hydrothermal metamorphism, and periglacial lithogenesis. Examples are adduced for the ESP that were revealed by the author during his research in High Arctics, Siberia, Mongolia, Chile. Proposals for the further progress of the ESP theory are outlined.

Analysis of Compatibility of Contemporary Residential Housing in Nis with Current Standards in the Republic of Serbia

Contemporary housing in the Republic of Serbia is significantly influenced by political and social changes, at the end of XX and the beginning of XXI century. Drastic increase of poverty, as a consequence of these changes, reflected on housing market. Reduction of apartment size, and lower construction quality were primary methods of reducing apartment cost. These cost reduction strategies induced numerous problems in the exploitation of apartments. In the last few years the attempts were made to regulate housing market by new legislation. This paper analyses compatibility of existing housing units, constructed in this period, with new Standard. The objective of the paper is to determine the extent of deviation of from new legislative in order to evaluate the need for the reconstruction as well as for potential correction of the Standard.

Tendencies of Reproduction Processes in Regional Context

Reproduction processes in the Republic of Tatarstan which is perceived as one of the most dynamicallydeveloping regions of Russia are analyzed in this article on the basis of statistical data. The comparative strategyis used in the research, such as the following: the data of the modern demographic situation is compared to thedata of the demographic situation at the beginning of XXI century. The final aim is to find out for the tendenciesof the development of regional community, their specifics, degree of correlation with Russian demographicdevelopment.

Russia’s Policy towards the Korean Peninsula at the close of XX : beginning of XXI centuries

Russia’s Policy towards the Korean Peninsula at the close of XX : beginning of XXI centuries

Легендарный Севастополь как туристско-экскурсионный объект: история и современность

In the article the author examines the historical dynamics of development of tourism and excursion business in Sevastopol in the second half of XIX – beginning of XXI centuries. The author describes evolution of the given type of business in Sevastopol, including history of local tourist-excursion organizations of prerevolution and soviet period taking into account the specifi c of the city as a main base of the Black Sea Navy. The basic objects of demonstrations, considerable part of which has a military historical theme are characterized, and also the maintenance of tourist and excursion routes is disclosed. The special attention is paid to the patriotic value of visiting Sevastopol by tourists and sightseers, which is conditioned by the heroic pages of history of the hero city.

Информационно-аналитическая система оценки напряженности пожароопасных сезонов

The paper develops a method of calculating the fire-risk seasons intensity index. It creates an information analysis system for significant rates’ determination, interpolation and calculation of boundary values, calculation of intensity index on the basis of partial and generalized desirability functions, examining tendencies and causes of fire intensity change. The system is designed for assessment of fire-risk seasons based on the range of natural-anthropogenic factors, and for analysis of formation, tendencies and causes of fire-danger for vegetation in different regions. System verification was processed in the Khabarovsk territory and Jewish autonomous region and illustrated through seasons of the second half of XX – beginning of XXI centuries. It revealed a high correlation rate between intensity index and fire density, and indicated areas with low, medium and high intensity.

Modeling of thermal comfort conditions inside the urban boundary layer during Moscow’s 2010 summer heat wave (case-study)

Heat waves in megacities at the beginning of XXI century become more dangerous. For example, Great Russian Heat Wave 2010 cause about 11000 death additionally to mean value for late summer months (Revich, 2011). The main objective of this case-study is to evaluate the thermal comfort conditions of the warmest day in Moscow during the summer heat wave of 2010 – 29th July. For that purpose several biometeorological indices, particularly PET (physiological equivalent temperature), WBGT and ET were analyzed and calculated for this date in Moscow. The calculations were provided for several street canyon on the territory of the Moscow State University as well as for the places with natural vegetation. Meteorological conditions of 29 July 2010 were reproduced in south-west of Moscow-city at micrometeorological scale. Biometeorological indices were calculated for every hour of 29 July using output data of elaborated microscale model for Moscow megalopolis Urb_Mos 1.0 (Varentsov et al., 2012).The results were compared with each other and, thus, the complex thermal comfort assessment was done. Also, the results of the calculations for the 29th of July 2010 were compared with the mean meteorological data for this period. The results showed, that PET index is the most relevant index for thermal comfort assessment during the summer, because it perfectly shows micrometeorological differences between the points. Duration of extreme heat pressure (according to PET values) measured up 4h at open city landscapes.

Environmental protection - the responsibility of all socio-economic actors in Romania

Environmental problems, by the nature, character and its implications, increasingly proves to be a global problem. The environment and its protection claims becoming more consistent management, a variety of intervention tools and ongoing communication with socio-economic actors, in order to minimize the phenomena of pollution and use of resources natural. Aware that the intensity of human activity is increasing the pressure on the environment, either by uncontrolled consumption of resources and space, either by producing waste that nature can not absorb without suffering, prompted the international community to move to initiate and support concrete actions to prevent, counteract and eliminate disturbing factors repercussions of ecological balance. Environmental issues can be made from multiple angles: legal, institutional, economic, technological, etc. This paper aims to address environmental responsibility that should be considered permanent so all economic agents and civil society. This scientific communication includes the results of extensive fundamental research on environmental protection, based on the study of numerous bibliographic sources printed and on-line. Also been studied and reports from international events made ​​this topic, and studies published by international institutions. Ensuring a balance between economic growth and environmental protection in order to meet social development and perspectives, is the new concept, under which the governments of many countries rethink their economic strategies, concept called sustainable development and first presented in 1987 in Brundtland Report - "Our Common Future". Economic policy developed in unifying and generalizing vision of eco-development, organic content in all decision documents at all levels, the ecological criteria for "sustainable development". The environment is a public good because it answers three features that distinguish it from any other private public good: even when consumed by one, it remains available for others; one can not exclude someone from consuming a public good, while in the case of a public good, private, producer exclude all those who can not pay his price; the consumer can not exclude himself from using a public good. As economic development occurs within ecological systems over the years began to speak increasingly eco-development as a complex relationship between economic development and the natural environment. Characteristic of management at the beginning of XXI century is placing eco-economic relationship - the goals that I return man interrelated with the natural environment.

Dramatic Theology of K. Barth, H.U. von Balthasar and R. Schwager

In the article of Oleh Shepetyak «Dramatic Theology of K. Barth, H.U. von Balthasar and R. Schwager» the analysis of one of the theological concepts of XX - the beginning of XXI century was performed which was developed by Karl Barth, Gustav Aulén, Gans Urs von Balthasar and got the name «dramatic theology». This way of theological reflection appeared as antithesis to liberal theology developed in the dialogue with the Enlightment philosophy. The contribution of main creators of dramatic theology into the development of this study, its role and meaning in Theological discussions of the Catholic Church after the Second Vatican Council are highlighted in the investigation