Physical Basis Research Articles

Enhanced performance of lead sulfide quantum dot-sensitized solar cells by controlling the thickness of metal halide perovskite shells

The metal halide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 (MAP) can be applied as the shell layer of lead sulfide quantum dots (PbS QDs) for improving solar power conversion efficiency. However, basic physics for this PbS core/MAP shell QD system is still unclear and needs to be clarified to further improve efficiency. Therefore, in this study, we investigate how MAP shell thickness affects device performance and dynamics of charge carriers for PbS QD-sensitized solar cells. Covering the PbS QDs with the MAP shell layers of an appropriate thickness around 0.34 nm greatly suppresses charge carrier recombination at surface defects along with improved carrier transport to neighboring oxide and polymer layers. Therefore, this MAP shell thickness provides the highest open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, and fill factor for solar cells. Overall power conversion efficiencies of these solar cells reached about 4.1%, which is about six-fold higher than that for solar cells without MAP (about 0.7%). Additionally, use of the MAP shell layers can prevent oxidation of PbS QDs and, therefore, makes a degradation of solar cell performance slower in air.

Treating Semiempirical Hamiltonians as Flexible Machine Learning Models Yields Accurate and Interpretable Results.

Quantum chemistry provides chemists with invaluable information, but the high computational cost limits the size and type of systems that can be studied. Machine learning (ML) has emerged as a means to dramatically lower the cost while maintaining high accuracy. However, ML models often sacrifice interpretability by using components such as the artificial neural networks of deep learning that function as black boxes. These components impart the flexibility needed to learn from large volumes of data but make it difficult to gain insight into the physical or chemical basis for the predictions. Here, we demonstrate that semiempirical quantum chemical (SEQC) models can learn from large volumes of data without sacrificing interpretability. The SEQC model is that of density-functional-based tight binding (DFTB) with fixed atomic orbital energies and interactions that are one-dimensional functions of the interatomic distance. This model is trained to ab initio data in a manner that is analogous to that used to train deep learning models. Using benchmarks that reflect the accuracy of the training data, we show that the resulting model maintains a physically reasonable functional form while achieving an accuracy, relative to coupled cluster energies with a complete basis set extrapolation (CCSD(T)*/CBS), that is comparable to that of density functional theory (DFT). This suggests that trained SEQC models can achieve a low computational cost and high accuracy without sacrificing interpretability. Use of a physically motivated model form also substantially reduces the amount of ab initio data needed to train the model compared to that required for deep learning models.

A revision of blade element/momentum theory for wind turbines in their high-thrust region

Modern horizontal-axis wind turbines produce maximum power at an optimal tip speed ratio, λopt, of around 7. This is also the approximate start of the high-thrust region, which extends to runaway at λR ≈ 2λopt where no power is produced and the thrust is maximized. The runaway thrust coefficient often exceeds unity. It is well known that the conventional axial momentum equation must be modified whenever the thrust coefficient approaches unity, but most past modifications have no sound physical basis. Our main revision is to include the “wake vorticity” term in the axial momentum balance. This term is related to blade element drag and acts to decouple the thrust from the induced axial velocity when it becomes large near the edge of the rotor as the runaway is approached. The wake vorticity term dominates the axial momentum equation in these conditions and leads to estimates of power and thrust that are consistent with the limited amount of high-quality experimental data in the high-thrust region.

The unexpected diffuse phase transition in relaxor-PbTiO3 ferroelectrics via acceptor modification

The diffuse phase transition (DPT) and domain structure are essential to the functional properties of relaxor ferroelectrics and are extremely sensitive to the ion doping. The utilization of acceptor doping has been observed to be an effective method in enhancing the high-power properties of relaxor ferroelectric materials. The present study aims to examine the acceptor-doped DPT and domain structure in single crystals of Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3. An unexpected physical phenomenon was identified in which Mn-doping increased dielectric diffusion and lowered domain size while suppressing dielectric relaxation. Traceability investigations suggest that Mn-doping inhibited the growth of polar nanoregions by enhancing random electric fields, which increases dielectric diffusion while decreasing the domain size. Meanwhile, Mn doping redistributes the relaxation time function, which results in a reduction in dielectric relaxation. The current research deepens the understanding of the physical basis of DPT and can be applied to the development of high-performance piezoelectric materials.

How to estimate the 3D stress state for a deep geological repository

Abstract. When stresses yield a critical value, rock breaks or pre-existing faults are reactivated, generating pathways for fluid migration. Thus, the contemporary undisturbed stress state is a key parameter for assessing the stability of deep geological repositories and for quantifying whether stress changes induced by sub-surface constructions and storage of heat-generating waste lead to a critical state. The prediction of the contemporary 3D stress state is achieved with geomechanical–numerical models that are based on the static geological models. These are based on 3D seismic imaging and borehole data and describe the 3D structure and distribution of rock properties. Furthermore, pointwise measurements of the stress state are needed to fit the model to these data. The workshop is divided into three parts. Each part will have a short introduction to the specific topic, followed by dedicated hands-on exercise in small groups and discussions of the exercise outcome and its implications. 1. How do we formally describe the stress field? Here you will learn that the stress field is different from other physical field quantities such as temperature or displacement. The latter can be described with a scalar or a vector at a point. In contrast, the stress state at a point is described with the so-called Cauchy stress tensor that has nine components. We will give a quick tour through this concept, starting from very basic physics, and explain why the tensor is needed. In particular, you will learn in the exercises that stress cannot be measured directly with most methods but that strain is observed, from which stress is inferred.2. How do we actually measure stress? We present a range of methods that determine individual components of the stress state. In the exercise you will analyse borehole image logs to identify borehole breakouts and drilling-induced tensile fractures at the borehole wall. These are used to derive the orientation of the minimum and maximum horizontal stresses. Furthermore, we will present methods for the estimation of stress magnitudes. These are essential data for the calibration of a 3D geomechanical model. We will give a brief overview of different methods and in the exercise on the analysis of mini-hydraulic fracture tests as well as on the sleeve-fracturing and sleeve re-opening methods.3. From a viewpoint to a 3D description. If rock properties in the sub-surface were homogenous and isotropic and were to follow a simple linear behaviour between stress and strain, we could estimate the stress state analytically. However, this is not the case, and we will discuss three questions. a. How many pointwise stress data are needed to efficiently constrain a 3D model?b. How do I know whether a data point taken from less than a cubic metre is a good representation of a large rock volume, i.e. a whole lithological layer?c. How can we quantify the uncertainties of the model stress state, and what is the typical range? You will use a case study in northern Switzerland to explore these questions.

Get Construction Project Performance Parameters Right to Attain Sustainable Development Goals

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were agreed upon by the world’s leaders as the framework for a global agenda for development. The construction industry is key to the delivery of the SDGs because construction provides the physical basis for the economic activities necessary for attaining short-term economic growth and long-term development. Moreover, the construction process generates income and contributes to other sectors of the economy, and the completed items contribute to enhancing quality of life. Each constructed item should be completed to the highest level of achievement if the industry is to deliver what is required of it under the global agenda. Thus, it is necessary to have a way of assessing the extent to which this is achieved in projects. This study seeks answers to the following questions: What are the SDGs? What are their merits, challenges and drawbacks? What is the progress in the efforts to attain them? What role can construction play in the effort to attain the SDGs? How should the performance parameters of construction projects be defined to enable the industry to best play this role? The study is based on a review of the relevant literature. It is found that all the 17 SDGs are relevant to the construction industry as they concern what the industry must do, how it must do it, what it should use, and the impact of what it does on quality of life. It is suggested that appropriate performance parameters of projects are needed in order to develop policy initiatives, practices, mindsets and attitudes to enable the construction industry to undertake the tasks required of it in attaining the SDGs. As a guide, a framework comprising 15 parameters is proposed.

The carotenoid redshift: Physical basis and implications for visual signaling.

Carotenoid pigments are the basis for much red, orange, and yellow coloration in nature and central to visual signaling. However, as pigment concentration increases, carotenoid signals not only darken and become more saturated but they also redshift; for example, orange pigments can look red at higher concentration. This occurs because light experiences exponential attenuation, and carotenoid-based signals have spectrally asymmetric reflectance in the visible range. Adding pigment disproportionately affects the high-absorbance regions of the reflectance spectra, which redshifts the perceived hue. This carotenoid redshift is substantial and perceivable by animal observers. In addition, beyond pigment concentration, anything that increases the path length of light through pigment causes this redshift (including optical nano- and microstructures). For example, male Ramphocelus tanagers appear redder than females, despite the same population and concentration of carotenoids, due to microstructures that enhance light-pigment interaction. This mechanism of carotenoid redshift has sensory and evolutionary consequences for honest signaling in that structures that redshift carotenoid ornaments may decrease signal honesty. More generally, nearly all colorful signals vary in hue, saturation, and brightness as light-pigment interactions change, due to spectrally asymmetrical reflectance within the visible range of the relevant species. Therefore, the three attributes of color need to be considered together in studies of honest visual signaling.

Flexible, integrated modeling of tokamak stability, transport, equilibrium, and pedestal physics

The STEP (Stability, Transport, Equilibrium, and Pedestal) integrated-modeling tool has been developed in OMFIT to predict stable, tokamak equilibria self-consistently with core-transport and pedestal calculations. STEP couples theory-based codes to integrate a variety of physics, including magnetohydrodynamic stability, transport, equilibrium, pedestal formation, and current-drive, heating, and fueling. The input/output of each code is interfaced with a centralized ITER-Integrated Modelling & Analysis Suite data structure, allowing codes to be run in any order and enabling open-loop, feedback, and optimization workflows. This paradigm simplifies the integration of new codes, making STEP highly extensible. STEP has been verified against a published benchmark of six different integrated models. Core-pedestal calculations with STEP have been successfully validated against individual DIII-D H-mode discharges and across more than 500 discharges of the H98,y2 database, with a mean error in confinement time from experiment less than 19%. STEP has also reproduced results in less conventional DIII-D scenarios, including negative-central-shear and negative-triangularity plasmas. Predictive STEP modeling has been used to assess performance in several tokamak reactors. Simulations of a high-field, large-aspect-ratio reactor show significantly lower fusion power than predicted by a zero-dimensional study, demonstrating the limitations of scaling-law extrapolations. STEP predictions have found promising scenarios for an EXhaust and Confinement Integration Tokamak Experiment, including a high-pressure, 80%-bootstrap-fraction plasma. ITER modeling with STEP has shown that pellet fueling enhances fusion gain in both the baseline and advanced-inductive scenarios. Finally, STEP predictions for the SPARC baseline scenario are in good agreement with published results from the physics basis.

Why the Discovery of the Overlapped Multiplexing Principle is Bound to Cause a Revolution in Communication and Information Technology?

Abstract This article firstly introduces the overlapped multiplexing principle discovered by Prof. Daoben Li, and the new channel capacity derived from it, which is far beyond the capacity of Shannon's channel, and then introduces the characteristics and superiority of the waveform coding theory and the brand-new communication system, OVXDM, which is the cornerstone of his work. The article exposes two paradoxes and major errors of Shannon's information theory that violate the basic principles of physics, and makes predictions about the future development of communication and information technology. It criticizes several erroneous views on the development of 6G mobile communications: 6G should move to millimeter-wave terahertz band, the only means to improve the spectral efficiency of mobile communications is ultra-large-scale MIMO, and exposes that the U.S. Starlink and StarShield satellites can realize the global Internet 6G communications when the deception, the essence of which is the seizure of space resources and maintenance of the U.S. space hegemony. He emphasizes the great advantage of overlapped multiplexing waveform coding over Shannon coding, and points out that the Internet is only a network built under the guidance of the old Shannon multi-user network theory, which is as outdated as Shannon's information theory and should be eliminated. The Internet and GPS are the kingpin espionage tools of the United States to control the global information hegemony and steal information from other countries. In order to abandon the U.S. information hegemony, our country must leave the GPS in addition to the Internet! Under the guidance of the theory of subversive overlapped multiplexing multi-user network, the author puts forward suggestions on the establishment of our country's independent ultra-large-capacity wide-area Ov information network, which is a brand-new integrated network including space, sky, ground, ground to underwater, underwater and other categories, with a capacity much higher than that of the Internet.

Revisiting canonical quantization of radiation: the role of the vacuum field

Canonical quantization has conventionally been adopted as a necessary procedure for the description of the quantum radiation field by analogy between quantum-mechanical oscillators and field oscillators. In this paper we provide the physical basis for the formal quantization of the radiation field interacting with matter in the presence of the vacuum field, taken here as a solution of classical Maxwell equations. Just as the canonical particle operators x^\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\hat{x}$$\\end{document}, p^\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\hat{p}$$\\end{document} have been shown to be the response functions of the particle to this field, here we derive the creation and annihilation operators a^†\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\hat{a}^{\\dagger }$$\\end{document}, a^\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\hat{a}$$\\end{document}, with [a^,a^†]=1\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$[\\hat{a},\\hat{a}^{\\dagger }]=1$$\\end{document}, as an expression of the field’s response to this interaction. The results obtained shed new light on the physical meaning of the description of light in terms of operators and suggest that neither matter nor radiation are quantized in isolation.

GEANT4 Simulation of Photoneutron Spectrum from Medical Linear Accelerator

Photons with energy totaling more than 10 MeV provide efficient treatment for deeply seated tumors but interact with the nuclei of high-Z materials constituting a head of the linac. These interactions result in photoneutrons that deliver an additional out-of-field dose to the patient, which increases the risk of radiation-induced cancer. Monte Carlo simulation is an accurate strategy for estimating the effective photoneutron dose for a patient. In the current study, the possibility of using GEANT4 to calculate the photoneutron spectrum from the medical linac was investigated. The free-in-air photoneutron spectrum from a head of the linac was simulated using the NeutronHP experimental package. Validation of the simulated model was carried out based on a comparison of simulated and measured percentage depth–dose curves from photons in the water phantom. The obtained photoneutron spectrum was compared with the previously measured spectrum at the Varian Thilogy linac. GEANT4 may improve the accuracy of calculations of the effective dose based on photoneutrons. However, the simulated model should be improved and optimized. In the future, this model may constitute a physical basis for the prediction of the risk of radiation-induced cancer at our clinical center.

Characterizing current noise of commercial constant-current sources by using an optically pumped rubidium atomic magnetometer.

This paper introduces a method for characterizing the current noise of commercial constant-current sources (CCSs) using a free-induction-decay (FID) type optically pumped rubidium atomic magnetometer driven by a radio frequency magnetic field. We convert the sensitivity of the atomic magnetometer into the current noise of CCS by calibrating the coil constant. At the same time, the current noise characteristics of six typical commercial low-noise CCSs are compared. The current noise level of the Keysight model B2961A is the lowest among the six tested CCSs, which is 36.233 ± 0.022 nA/Hz1/2 at 1-25Hz and 133.905 ± 0.080 nA/Hz1/2 at 1-100Hz. The sensitivity of the atomic magnetometer is dependent on the current noise level of the CCS. The CCS with low noise is of great significance for high-sensitivity atomic magnetometers. This research provides an important reference for promoting the development of high precision CCS, metrology, and basic physics research.

Design of a light refractive index practicum tool to train science process skills in basic Physics Practicum II

The design of this light refractive index practicum tool aims to design and make developments from existing tools. This research uses the Borg and Gall method, which is limited to the initial development stage. In the first stage, researchers made field observations about this practicum tool and conducted literature studies to find references for tool design, namely determining materials. The second stage determines the components of the tool and makes a design in the form of a 3-dimensional image to determine the scale of the tool size. Furthermore, the third stage is the development of researchers realizing the design in the form of tool drawings into prototypes for laboratory scale trials and revising if there is still unstable data. After the data generated is stable, the tool is made according to the design with a size that matches the practicum tool until it is ready for a limited trial. The limitation of this research is because it is still in the laboratory scale trial stage to see the stability and accuracy of the data results on the tool.

A REVIEW ON EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE THROUGH AYURVEDIC LIFESTYLE

Ayurveda is a comprehensive, unique science that encompasses all aspects of health. Ayurveda affirms health can be attained only if all the physiological parameters are in equilibrium with a healthy mind, intellect and senses. Mental health is an integral part of Ayurveda. Emotional intelligence curtains a big part of human intelligence that exteriorise the ability to sense, value and understand efficaciously, to effectively apply the power of emotions as a source of human energy. Emotional intelligence is tied to cognition and emotional balance in life. An imbalance in the emotional state can create difficulties in people's social and individual lives and is the primary etio-pathological reason for many mental and physical disorders. Ayurveda has a beautiful insight into dealing with the causes and solutions to find how we can curtail these disorders and make our lives happy. The theory of prakriti is the core concept of Ayurveda that describes the individual constitution on a mental and physical basis. It is an indicator of the physical and psychological status of a person. Ayurveda provides an exquisite and insightful perspective on the mind and the art of fostering its health through manas prakriti (mental constitution) analysis. Ayurveda annotates the balance of health and well-being by numerous means using herbs and lifestyle management tips (Achara rasayana, dincharya, ritucharya and sadvritta). The paper highlights the concept of manas prakriti about emotional intelligence and the role of Ayurveda in curing emotional intelligence-related issues.

Deconstructing Gender Gaps in Basic Physics Education: A Multivariate Analysis of Practical Work Performance, Semester Outcomes and Literacy among Undergraduate Biology Education Students

Basic physics plays a crucial role in the education of undergraduate biology students. Proficiency in physics literacy, learning outcomes, and practical work is essential for their success. This study investigates the influence of gender on these aspects among undergraduate biology education students. A quantitative approach was employed, utilizing questionnaires, tests, and observations. The sample comprised 17 students from biology education program PMIPA FKIP Mataram University. The results do not provide evidence to suggest that there are significant differences between genders in terms of practical work performance, semester outcomes, or literacy scores.

Forensic morphological and elemental analysis of gold jewellery: A case study

In a cheating case, report was launched in the police station of Raipur city of Chhattisgarh state. In this case, a person was cheated in buying gold beads worth nearly 16 lakhs. As in forensic physics branch analysis and comparison of physical properties is done, case was registered in state forensic Science Laboratory, Raipur. The aim of this paper is to understand and apply basic principles of physics to solve unsettled cases and create awareness, whenever we purchase precious ornaments. In this case, a garland consisting of large number of round golden beads was received for examination of gold content assuming it to be gold of lower purity. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) examination, Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) examination of these beads were done in the laboratory. The results were supervising that there was no Gold (Au) in all the golden beads of garland, it consisted of Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) in the ratio of Cu: Zn::2:1.

Development of a Four Tier Diagnostic Test Instrument Based on iSpring Suite 9 to Identify Understanding of Concepts in Students

Evaluation is important to measure the achievement of learning outcomes. Multiple choices, form of test, is commonly used in learning evaluation. However, in the real situation shows that multiple choice tests make students choose the answers randomly. This study was conducted to provide a solution by developing a Four Tier Diagnostic Test based on iSpring Suite 9 to identify students' conceptual understanding of Static Fluid. This research methodology employed Research & Development (R&D). The subject in this study were students of the Faculty of Engineering at Universitas Islam Syekh-Yusuf who are studying Basic Physics. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews, tests, validation sheets, and questionnaires. The validation results of material experts are 93%, media experts are 84% so that they are included in the very feasible category. The validity of the test showed that 35 items were valid, and 7 questions were invalid. The reliability of the test is 0.93. The index of difficulty consists of 3 easy, 35 moderate and 4 difficult. The discriminating power of each item included 16 very good questions, 9 good questions, 11 enough questions, 5 bad questions and 1 very bad item. Student response to this instrument is 74.83% included in the high category. This test can identify four levels of students' understanding of concepts, namely understanding concepts, not understanding concepts, partially understanding and misconceptions. Based on the results, the Four Tier Diagnostic Test based on iSpring Suite 9 has met the criteria for a good instrument and is suitable for use.

Turning the Wheel through the Ages

Methods for reliably generating alternating current via placing metal coils in a rotating magnetic field were discovered by two individuals almost simultaneously: Italian engineer and physicist, Galileo Ferraris, and Austrian-American engineer, Nikola Tesla. While Tesla attained the patent for the AC-generator, Ferraris, who published the discovery a few months prior, is credited with having paved the way for the modern-day alternator, now used ubiquitously.The origins of rotational energy conversion can be traced back to sugar plantations in the 1600s. At that time, the milling process was initially sustained through slave-driven turning of a wheel, which was geared to large wooden rollers that would squeeze sugar cane. The Caribbean and South American variant of this system was known as a trapiche, which employed three geared rollers. Over time, slaves were replaced with oxen and horses, which were eventually supplanted by water wheels and finally by steam engines. The water wheels implemented for sugar milling ultimately paved the path for creating electrical currents. Water turbines for hydroelectric power subsequently took off. Principles of steam engine operation were adapted for electrical power as well, ultimately culminating in the use of nuclear plants to generate “wheel” turning for electricity.Electricity and magnetism, as well as interactions between them, are frequently discussed in introductory undergraduate physics. However, practical applications of these principles are often omitted from lectures. If taught under an experiential environment, these concepts can be introduced at even the middle school level, taught by first year college students taking basic college physics - a synergistic learning environment. With this in mind, we developed a middle school kit consisting of simple 3D-printed components, recycled DVDs and four bearings for support of 4 mm nail shafts. Enameled wire (30 AWG) is used to prepare the wire-wound coils. A large rubber band is used as the pulley-belt. The above represents the generator component. The power use component is assembled on an accompanying bread board. Power processing is demonstrated using diodes for rectification to DC. The DC power is used to recharge a 3V, 40 mAh lithium-ion coin cell. AC power from the generator can also be directly applied to load resistors. Students will be able to see the effects of varying the load by changes in the time of the free rotation of the generator wheels. Students will experience the charge and discharge of batteries with safe voltages and currents.Middle school students will record data from the generator and conditioning systems and draw conclusions on worksheets that accompany the hardware.

Controlling Electrodeposition Via Electrokinetic Phenomena and Phase Separation

This talk will review the basic physics of dendritic instabilities in electrodeposition and how they may be suppressed, in some cases, by controlling electrokinetic phenomena in the electrolyte or phase separation in the electrode: 1) It is shown both theoretically and experimentally that, if electrodeposition occurs in charged porous media above the diffusion-limited current, then dendritic growth can be suppressed by surface conduction and electro-osmotic flows through the phenomenon of “shock electrodeposition”, as in many examples with copper. 2) It is also shown theoretically and experimentally that dendritic electrodeposition on a multiphase electrode can be avoided by avoiding the separation of a resistive phase, as illustrated by lithium plating on graphite. Examples include composite metal materials manufacturing, metal nanotube growth in templates, rechargeable metal batteries, and conductive-bridge random access memory (CB-RAM). These phenomena may also be leveraged to enhance the selectivity of electrodeposition for metal separations.

Needs Analysis for Practical Guide Based Augmented Reality (AR) in an Effort to Support Basic Physics Practicum Activities During the Covid-19 Pandemic

This study aims to conduct a field study on the need to develop Augmented Reality (AR) assisted practicum guidelines. Data collection instruments were in the form of questionnaires and interview guidelines. The subjects in this field study were students who became practicum assistants, physics laboratory staff, and lecturers of basic physics courses. Questionnaire data and interview results were analyzed qualitatively to see the real conditions of the practicum. Based on the results of data analysis, it is known that practicum manuals are still dominant in text, and practicum activities can be directed to practice problem-solving skills. The phenomenon of coastal areas can also be associated with physics practicum material. Based on the results of the practicum assistant's questionnaire, it is known that AR can facilitate physics practicum, so it is necessary to develop an AR-assisted practicum guide that presents audio-visual presentations. Based on the results of the interviews, it is also known that the constraints on practicum activities during this pandemic were that not all practicum courses were available at PheT to carry out virtual practicums, counter-dependence with assistant explanations in carrying out practicum procedures, so strict procedures could not be carried out, so it could be interpreted that a solution was needed an alternative practicum guide that is equipped with a video tutorial about practicum procedures. AR technology can be used to visualize tutorial videos that can be accessed offline.