Basic Motor Skills Research Articles

Basic Motor Skills of Children With Down Syndrome: Creating a Motor Growth Curve.

To create a motor growth curve based on the Test of Basic Motor Skills for Children with Down Syndrome (BMS) and estimate the age of achieving BMS milestones. A multilevel exponential model was applied to create a motor growth curve based on BMS data from 119 children with Down syndrome (DS) aged 2 months to 5 years. Logistic regression was applied to estimate the 50% probability of achieving BMS milestones. The BMS growth curve had the largest increase during infancy with smaller increases as children approached the predicted maximum score. The age at which children with DS have a 50% probability of achieving the milestone sitting was 22 months, for crawling 25 months, and for walking 38 months. The creation of a BMS growth curve provides a standardization of the gross motor development of children with DS. Physical therapists then may monitor a child's individual progress and improve clinical decisions.

Baku Baku Raja Traditional Game Model to Enhance Basic Movement Skills on Elementary Students in Indonesia

Enhancement in basic movement skills is a fundamental need for elementary school students in achieving the goals of physical education. The aim of this study was to produce a traditional game model called Baku Baku Raja to enhance Basic Movement skills on elementary students. Baku Baku Raja traditional game model has been adapted to the aspects of growth and development as well as the characteristics of children at their age, which are packaged through physical activities. This applied research and development method with product development steps by Borg and Gall. The research participants were 3rd-grade elementary school students in Palu, Indonesia. The results showed that the Baku Baku Raja traditional game model is feasible and effective in enhancing basic movement skills on elementary students. The researchers recommend that Baku Baku Raja traditional game model is used as an alternative for educators to optimize the success of student performance on not only psychomotor aspects but also cognitive and affective aspects.

Commentary on "Basic Motor Skills of Children With Down Syndrome: Creating a Motor Growth Curve".

Commentary on "Basic Motor Skills of Children With Down Syndrome: Creating a Motor Growth Curve".

Peculiarities of professional training of employees of the federal police and special police forces of Germany

The article considers the peculiarities of professional training of employees of the federal police of the Federal Republic of Germany. The requirements for a candidate for police service have been clarified, as well as the basic standards that must be met by police officers in physical and fire training. Keeping fit is the responsibility of every federal police officer. Therefore, all federal police officers are required to participate in sports. Federal police departments organize regular training courses with specific dates and locations. In addition, police officers are encouraged to train outside of office hours to keep fit. And this is justified, because the federal police have to be tested annually in the sprint and endurance zone. The minimum requirements are based on the achievements of the German sports badge of the "Silver" category. The German Sports Badge (DSA) is an award from the German Olympic Sports Confederation. This is the highest award outside of competitive sports and is given as a sign of achievement for average and versatile physical performance. The standards to be met are based on basic motor skills, endurance, strength, speed and coordination. Swimming is always a must. In some federal states, the presence of such a mark in the applicant is a condition of recruitment to the police. The peculiarities of professional training of special police forces are analyzed, including special operations teams, mobile target groups, negotiating groups, technical target groups and the Special Unit of the Federal Border Guard Service. Of particular note is the last of them, designed to combat terrorism and hostage-taking. Functional interchangeability promotes high combat effectiveness and coordination of actions of fighters. Therefore, each of them must have as many specialties as possible: sniper, demolition worker, search dog guide, liaison officer, paramedic, driver. Fighters also study foreign languages, as they often have to negotiate with terrorists in their native language.

Analysis Of The Needs Of Children With Special Needs (Tunagrahita) In Physical Education Learning At Sd Level In Skh Pandeglang

The purpose of this research is to analyze the needs in the learning process of children with special needs in physical education learning. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method using data triangulation techniques, namely the series of observations, documentation and interviews. The subjects in this study were peserda basic level points at SKh 1 Pembina Pandeglang. This research reveals the needs needed in the learning of children with special needs. These needs are 1) Synchronizing understanding of the learning objectives of physical education for the elementary school level. 2) Better understand the personality of students 3) Conduct a comprehensive approach to students 4) Modify suggestions according to the needs in the learning process while still prioritizing the level of safety for students. Systematic and structured physical education learning will have a positive impact on the basic movement skills of students in general. By improving the skills of participants or children with special needs, it has indirectly provided encouragement and confidence for children with special needs to socialize and feel recognized by the surrounding community. Systematic and structured physical education learning will have a positive impact on the basic movement skills of students in general. By improving the skills of participants or children with special needs, it indirectly gives encouragement and confidence to children with special needs to get along and feel recognized by the surrounding community. Systematic and structured physical education learning will have a positive impact on the basic movement skills of students in general. By improving the skills of participants or children with special needs, it indirectly gives encouragement and confidence to children with special needs to get along and feel recognized by the surrounding community.

The Effect of Treadmill Exercises and Computer Games on Motor Skills of Educable Girls with Intellectuall Disability: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study

Introduction : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of treadmill training and computer games on motor skills of educable girls with intellectuall disability. Materials and Methods : This study was a randomized clinical trial. Among the aducable children registered in intellectuall disability society of Alborz Province, Iran, 24 educable girls were selected from Kahrizak Rehabilitation Center, and randomly assigned into 3 groups of computer games, treadmill exercises, and control. At first, basic motor skills were measured, and then training sessions were conducted for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week for experimental groups. The untreated control group did not receive any training during this time, and went through the usual routine of the center program. After the training sessions, motor skills were re-measured. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance method. Results : The motor skill scores in treadmill group were significantly higher than of the computer game (P = 0.012) and untreated control group (P = 0.001). In other words, treadmill training significantly improved motor skill scores (P < 0.05), while computer game had no significant effect over the untreated control group (P = 0.066). Conclusion : The results showed the significant effect of treadmill training on motor skills of educable mentally retarded children. Based on the results, it is suggested that treadmill exercises can be offered in the education and treatment centers for the children with intellectuall disability.

The Effectiveness Of The Let’s Exercise Fundamental Movement Skills Model On Children With Mild Intellectual Disabilitys In Special Need Education Of Palembang

This study aims to produce and test the effectiveness of the fundamental movement skills (FMS) learning model product, let's exercise on students with mild intellectual disability (ID) in primary special need education (SDLB) Palembang City. This research took place in 2018 before the pandemic Covid-19 era. The subjects of the small group trial were 10 students and 4 teachers, and the subjects for the large group trial were 23 students and 4 teachers for grade 1 in 3rd SDLB serving children with ID in Palembang City. The data analysis technique used the z test effectiveness test (parameter) and the Wilcoxon test (non parameter). The results showed that the large group trial data for aspects of basic movement skills, cognitive abilities, pleasure (fun), and focus of attention obtained an average value of trial 2 greater than trial 1, as well as the z-count value of the lets exercise model of play activity is greater. from the z-table value (1.96), so the difference is significant. So it can be concluded that the game model lets exercise be effective for improving FMS, cognitive abilities, pleasure, and focus on attention of grade 1 students with mild ID in SDLB.

Introduction of aerobics in classes on physical education of student youth

Wellness fitness uses a large arsenal tools of various sports and physical activity. The development of the fitness industry contributes to the expansion and requires classification and definition of methodological features that determine the use of appropriate means. Health-improving fitness classes require students to have knowledge of the fundamentals of the methodology for introducing the selected types of physical activity. This article summarizes the information about the content of selective focus health related aerobics using practical material for the development of basic physical qualities and motor skills of student youth.&#x0D; The purpose of the study is to analyze the content of health aerobics classes and the introduction of modern fitness programs and technologies related to the development of abilities to solve motor and sports problems in physical education of student youth. The study was performed at the theoretical and analytical level. In the process of research we used the following methods: analysis of literature sources, methods of theoretical interpretation (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, generalization). Conclusions. In turn, regular aerobics and rhythmic gymnastics in combination with other types of wellness fitness have a health-improving and training effect on the body. The variety of fitness programs does not mean the arbitrariness of their construction - the used of different types of physical activity must comply with the basic principles of physical education. Experts in the experiment to determine the effectiveness of aerobics concluded that as a result of classes students have improved metabolism, normalized cardiovascular and respiratory systems, increased immunity to various diseases and help lift the mood.

Effect Of Nutritional Status On Object Ability Of Children's Object Controls Aged 5 To 6 Years

Low basic mobility skills in children aged 5 to 6 years in the 2x11 Kayu Tanam sub-district are difficult. Whereas this basic movement skill is the initial foundation in realizing more complex movements in the future, such as physical activity and more specific sports activities. Basic motion skills are divided into two, the ability of object control and locomotor. One aspect that supports basic movement skills is nutritional status. This study aims to determine the effect of nutritional status on the ability of object control children aged 5 to 6 years in 2x11 Kayu Tanam District. The research method used is simple linear regression. The population in this study were children aged 5 to 6 years and samples were taken by random sampling with a total of 83 children. Nutrition status data is obtained through height and weight measurements and the ability of the control object using the TGMD-2 instrument. The results showed that there was an influence of nutritional status on the ability of object control children aged 5 to 5 years in 2x11 Kayu Tanam District with sig 0,000 &lt;?= 0.05 and the effect of 24.3%.

Running Strategies for Individuals with Visual Impairments

Competency in basic motor skills like running is essential for all students regardless of a visual ability. Children encounter running in their daily lives and many sporting activities. Research has shown that for children who are visually impaired, running specifically is a motor skill that is difficult to develop without instruction and practice. If children with visual impairments have a solid foundation of running as a motor skill and a safe way to run, they will have a better chance of becoming competent in running equal to their sighted peers.

The effectiveness of track and field drills in speed training for category I children

It is a well-known fact that people try to be faster, stronger. This is true especially for children, who since an early age race each other playfully, not knowing that through their games they show their speed level as a basic motor skill. This paper started from the hypothesis stating that speed, as a motor skill, has different manifestation markers according to age and gender in children I track and field category, and by applying specific means, speed records increased values during the final testing compared to the initial one. The study included 22 athletes aged between 12 and 13, who were tested through three challenges that measured and assessed their speed in multiple forms. The author has reached the conclusion that speed records different values according to gender. The training level does not influence the results in a notable way. The speed training means that were used were beneficial to the improvement of the values for quickness, performance speed, velocity, and acceleration.

Physical therapy of athletes with diaphysis shin bone fractures after intramedullary osteosynthesis (based on team sports games)

The aim of the work was to evaluate the effectiveness of a physical therapy program for athletes specializing in team sports games with diaphysis fractures of the shin after intramedullary osteosynthesis.Materials and methods. Experimental studies were conducted with athletes in game sports (n = 58) with diaphyseal fractures of the tibia, who were treated in the Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics of the Clinical Hospital № 7, Kyiv, SI “Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics NAMS of Ukraine”, sports clinic injuries of NUFVSU during 2014–2019. Methods of analysis and generalization of literature sources were used; method of anthropometric measurements to determine the comprehensiveness of a healthy and injured limb; goniometry method for measuring the available range of motion in the knee joint of a healthy and injured limb; myotonometry method to determine the tone of the quadriceps femoris; testing to calculate the symmetry index of the lower extremities (LSI ‒ Lower Extremity Symmetry Index); methods of mathematical statistics.Results. The developed complex program of physical therapy is a cycle of restorative measures that meet the achievement of previous functionality, meets the requirements for the level of motor skills, general and special physical performance of athletes, and meets their personal ideas about the quality of life. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the physical therapy program allows us to state that in BG the normative values were reached by 25 out of 29 athletes (86.21 %), in CG ‒ 19 athletes out of 29 (65.52 %), which indicates the high efficiency of the proposed physical therapy program.Conclusions. In the process of forming physical therapy programs for patients ‒ athletes with diaphysis fractures of the tibia after intramedullary osteosynthesis, therapeutic exercises should be grouped depending on the specific objectives of rehabilitation measures and their predominant focus: to restore motor function; to restore general physical fitness; to restore special physical fitness; to restore basic motor skills and abilities; to restore special motor skills and abilities in accordance with the specifics of training and competitive activities in sports games.

CHARACTERIZATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF BASIC MOTOR SKILLS IN PEOPLE WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES

The intellectual disability generates motor-type effects, in these affectations are the basic motor skills (displacement, jump, turn, handling and control of objects). General Objective: To present a conceptual review of intellectual disability along with several syndromes found. Methodology: Draft bibliographic review on databases to identify specific research advances on basic motor skills. Results: An evaluation process is presented through four tests that evaluate each of the basic motor skills in a heterogeneous sample of intellectual disabilities. Conclusions: The relationship between intellectual deficiencies and motor deficiencies is identified, together with an evaluation of the implications on motor skills, which can contribute to safe and adequate work in populations with intellectual disabilities.

Performance Evaluation of Lower Limb Exoskeletons: A Systematic Review.

Benchmarks have long been used to verify and compare the readiness level of different technologies in many application domains. In the field of wearable robots, the lack of a recognized benchmarking methodology is one important impediment that may hamper the efficient translation of research prototypes into actual products. At the same time, an exponentially growing number of research studies are addressing the problem of quantifying the performance of robotic exoskeletons, resulting in a rich and highly heterogeneous picture of methods, variables and protocols. This review aims to organize this information, and identify the most promising performance indicators that can be converted into practical benchmarks. We focus our analysis on lower limb functions, including a wide spectrum of motor skills and performance indicators. We found that, in general, the evaluation of lower limb exoskeletons is still largely focused on straight walking, with poor coverage of most of the basic motor skills that make up the activities of daily life. Our analysis also reveals a clear bias towards generic kinematics and kinetic indicators, in spite of the metrics of human-robot interaction. Based on these results, we identify and discuss a number of promising research directions that may help the community to attain a comprehensive benchmarking methodology for robot-assisted locomotion more efficiently.

Comparative analysis of motor skills for boxers with different competitive level of the competition success in the Republic of North Macedonia

This research was conducted on a selected sample of 87 male respondents, boxers at the age of 18 to 33 years with the aim to determine if there are some differences in motor skills between boxers with different levels of competitive success. The sample is divided into three sub-samples according to the competitive success as follows: I category of 20 boxers who achieved the best sport results in the boxing from the Republic of North Macedonia, participating in the World, European and other international tournaments, II category of 25 of boxers who participated in international tournaments, domestic tournaments, Republican league and state championships and III category of 42 boxers who participated in international tournaments, domestic tournaments, Republican league and state championships but had not achieved significant sport results. For assessment of the motor skills a system of 21 motor tests was applied. The differences in the general motor tests between the boxers with different levels of competitive success are determined by the covariance analysis with the partition of weight and height. Based on the results it can be concluded that the significant basic motor skills which differentiate the boxers with different levels of competitive success is the coordination – agility, the strength of the muscles of the arms and the shoulder area, the speed of the frequency of upper extremities, the explosive strength of upper and lower extremities and the placement precision. The results from this research can help the coaches to properly plan and program the work with the boxers during the training process.

An educational program supported by Top Play – Top sport cards to develop basic motor skills related to table tennis and its impact on the skill performance and life skills of the mentally handicapped who are able to learn

Research objective:The research aims to design an educational program using Top Play - Top Sport cards for fifth and sixth graders (those who can learn) at the Intellectual School in Assiut Governorate, and knowing its impact on:- Basic motor skills for fifth and sixth graders (those who can learn) at the Intellectual School in Assiut Governorate.- Basic skills in table tennis for fifth and sixth graders (those who can learn) at the Intellectual School in Assiut Governorate.Life skills for fifth and sixth graders (those who can learn) at the Intellectual School in Assiut Governorate.Research hypotheses:- There are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the pre and post measurements of the experimental group in the basic motor skills (transitional skills - non-transitional skills - treatment and handling skills) associated with table tennis skills in favor of distance measurements for fifth and sixth grade students (those who can learn) at the Intellectual School in Assiut Governorate.- There are statistically significant differences between the mean scores for the pre and post measurements of the experimental group in the basic skills in table tennis (posting - front straight strokes - back straight strokes) in favor of distance measurements for fifth

Methods of the Michigan State University Motor Performance Study

ABSTRACT The Michigan State University Motor Performance Study (MPS) was initiated in 1967 and lasted 32 years. Three central components existed: 1) Educational component, in which students experienced applied work with youth; 2) Instructional component, whereby enrolled youth received sport-specific skill instruction; and 3) Research component. The primary goals of the research component of the MPS were to examine: 1) the changes over time that occur in the physical growth, biological maturity, and motor skill acquisition of children and youth; 2) the processes involved in the attainment of basic and complex motor skills; and 3) the influence of changes in the learners’ environment on their rates of motor skill acquisition. Several growth and maturation, motor competence, and physical performance/fitness variables were collected, and a follow-up study examined participants’ adult physical activity, sport participation, and health outcomes. This manuscript describes methods used in the research component of the MPS and the follow-up.

Dissemination and Training of Early Childhood Motion Skill Level Development for PAUD / Kindergarten and Elementary Teachers in Lima Puluh Kota District

Some of the results of studies that have been conducted on basic early Indonesian fundamental motor skills children, especially in West Sumatra, are found to be at the lowest level. Observations made on several teachers in West Sumatra show that on average they have very limited insight into fundamental motor skills and how to arrange fundamental motor skills. Previous research states that fundamental motor skills cannot develop by themselves, but through continuous learning and training stages. Therefore, PAUD teachers are expected to be skilled in compiling children's fundamental motor skills so that the objectives of early childhood education can be achieved as they should. This service activity aims to: (a) PAUD / TK teachers understand what fundamental motor skills are. (b) PAUD / TK teachers can understand fundamental motor skills. (c) PAUD / TK teachers can understand how to use the TGMD-2 instrument (d) PAUD / TK teachers can understand how to evaluate fundamental motor skills.

Problem-based learning approach to improve service skills of badminton in physical education learning

Problem-based learning is a method used to solve a problem in learning. This study aimed to determine whether learning badminton service skills by applying a problem-based learning approach can improve badminton service hit skills. The research method uses the classroom action research (CAR) method by interpreting the data and comparing each cycle's results with a percentage approach to measure the achievements of the actions taken. The results obtained from the data taken before the action were 23.68% of students who mastered basic movement skills hitting badminton service. After the first cycle, 34.21% of the students mastered the material, and, at the end of the second cycle, 52.63% of the students mastered the basic movement skills of hitting badminton service. From the preliminary data, there was a significant increase in cycle I and cycle II, the conclusion is that there increased the skill of hitting badminton service through the problem based learning approach (PBL) in students of third-grade of Pagergunung elementary school 1 in 2018/2019. Increased mastery of hitting service skills badminton, which was improved through applying the problem-based approach, was 28.94%.

Assistance In Learning Basic Early Childhood Motion Skills For Early Childhood Teachers In Pesisir Selatan Regency

Based on observations, it was found that almost all teachers and PAUD educators in Pesisir Selatan district did not have the insight and skills in realizing basic motion learning. Permendiknas No. 58 of 2009 is the basis of Early Childhood Education Standards (PAUD) which have been explained in depth all aspects, contents, goals and objectives of the government in PAUD, but the reality is still far from the target. Met the implementation of PAUD in Indonesia, including in the Pesisir Selatan district, prioritizing academic content such as writing, counting and reading, looks poor providing opportunities for active play and physical activity for children. Based on research, basic motion cannot develop naturally but must be taught correctly and continuously. Community service activities for partners aim to: (a) know the importance of basic motion, (b) have skills in practicing basic motion of early childhood, (c) be able to use instruments and know the level of basic motion skills of children. The method used uses the principle that every innovation received by PAUD teachers through PIE (Preparation, Implementation and Evaluation). Submission of innovations to Partners taken through the stages of explanation, discussion, practice and evaluation and assistance in learning. . The results of the training obtained by partners as participants can be described as follows: (a) Having insight and understanding of the importance of basic movement skills, (b) having experience in practicing basic motion skills, (c) knowing and having the ability to use instruments and knowing the level of motion skills basic child.