Basic Motor Skills Research Articles

The Effect of Manipulating Task and Environment Constraints on Performance of Selected Fundamental Movement Skills

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of task and environment manipulation on the performance of selected basic motor skills. For this purpose, 30 children aged 4 to 6 years were selected using the available sampling method. First, the pre-test of over hand throwing was performed using the accuracy of throwing and kicking, and then the participants were randomly divided into 3 groups: manipulation of task restraints, environment constraints, and control. According to the research plan, the intervention groups performed the program for 6 weeks and two 60-minute sessions each week. The task constraint group practiced according to the task ecological analysis method, the environment constraint manipulation group practiced in the based on enrichment of the environment and the control group had no activity. After the last training session, a post-test was performed and the results were recorded. The data were analyzed with analysis of covariance test and Bonferroni was used for paired comparisons. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the remaining mean scores of kicking and over hand throwing of the subjects in terms of group membership (experimental and control groups) (P <0.05). Also, the results of Bonferroni post hoc test showed that the groups of manipulation of task constraints and performance environment had better than the control group in the studied skills, but the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P <0.05). The finding generally support and provide an insight into the idea of the effect of constraints manipulation on performance. Therefore, when teaching and working with children, manipulation of task constraints and environment can be used to improve the performance of children's fundamental movement skills.

유아기 기본동작능력 습득을 위한 예비유아교사의 체육놀이 지도전문성 육성방안

The purpose of this study is to [strengthen understanding of physical play and instructional ability] so that pre-primary teachers who hold the key to kindergarten education can have instructional abilities that can help early childhood children acquire basic motor skills. In addition, a physical education play program was operated for 15 sessions for 112 pre-infant/nursing teachers at K Junior College in Japan, aimed at ‘strengthening their understanding and instructional competence in sports play’. The confirmation of the effect of this physical education program was confirmed by the conscious and functional changes of the subjects before (2nd session) and after (15th session) implementation of the program. As a result, first, after participating in the sports play program, the awareness of participation in physical education increased, and the knowledge/information about the activity also increased by 10% to 30%, respectively. Second, with regard to the improvement of basic motion ability through the physical education play program, it was found that most of the three areas (average system exercise (3/4), movement system exercise (4/4), and manipulation system exercise (3/4) improved after implementation. Third, in the improvement of instructional professionalism/confidence through participation in the physical education play program and class composition presentation, all three items (understanding infant physical development, confidence in instructional physical education, will to learn instruction) significantly increased p＜.000. As described above, it was confirmed that the physical education program practiced in this study was very effective in forming the physical education knowledge and instructional expertise of pre-primary early childhood teachers.

An Investigation of the Basic Gymnastics Program in Preschool Children in Terms of Motor Development

Background: Achieving an adequate level of basic motor skills by the end of the preschool period is an important prerequisite for children's participation in many later sporting activities. However, only a few studies have focused on the assessment of motor competence before starting primary school in the population of preschool children in Turkey. Aim: The aim of this study is to present An Investigation of the Basic Gymnastics Program in Preschool Children in Terms of Motor Development Method: Preschool children with a body weight of 18.26 ± 2.48 kg and a mean height of 1.10±.03 cm, who participated in the basic gymnastics program (n=28), participated in the study voluntarily. In our study; (n:15) experimental group students 3 days 35 minutes on 8 weekdays. gymnastics program was applied for a period of time. The control group (n=13) students were not given any activity. In order to investigate the effects of the basic gymnastics program in terms of motor development; One-leg bounce, agility, ball catching, tennis ball throwing, 9m sprint, flexibility, vertical jump, standing long jump and hitting the target performance tests were performed at the beginning and end of the study. The effects of the tests were compared between the groups in the pre- and post-test order by performing repeated measurements of variance analysis (P < 0.05). Results: As a result of the analysis of the data, when the first and last measurements of the groups were compared, it was determined that the performance results of hop on one leg, agility, flexibility, vertical jump and standing long jump performance were better in the experimental group than the control group (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the performance tests of catching the ball, throwing the tennis ball (9m), speed and hitting the target (P > 0.05). Conclusion: For 8 weeks, the basic gymnastics program led to positive differences in one-leg bounce, agility, flexibility, vertical jump and standing long jump performance. Keywords: Preschool Children, Motor Development, Basic Gymnastics Program, Exercise

The influence of rhythmic gymnastics on the physical preparedness of children of senior preschool age

Preschool age is the period of the most intensive growth and development of the organism. One of the tasks of working with older preschool children is to prepare them for a successful transition to a systematic organized schooling. Children's health and ability to work largely depend on the development of motor skills and physical fitness in particular. This is reflected in the performance of basic vital motor skills - walking, running, jumping, throwing, swimming. At the beginning of the experiment, we tested the children of the experimental and control groups to determine the initial level of physical fitness of children. The data obtained showed that the initial level was not equal. In the control group, the indicators were probably better than in the experimental group. After the experiment, most children in the experimental group have an average level of physical fitness. The best results in the children of the experimental group were observed in the exercises "jumping on the spot", "jumping with a turn" to the right and left, "tilt", "hanging on the crossbar", "running" for 10 m, "long jump". In the control group, the average level in most children was observed in the tests "jumping with a turn to the right", "tilt", "hanging on the crossbar" and "long jump". The implementation of the program "Rhythmic Gymnastics for Preschoolers" allows you to form the correct technique for performing vital motor skills and increase the level of physical fitness in children 5-6 years. Our proposed program significantly affected the level of physical fitness of children in the experimental group. The results of the control group had a slight improvement compared to the experimental.

Sports App: Digitalization of Sports Basic Movement

Sport is an activity that requires various aspects of support, with the habit that is often done. This study aims to produce a processing system for basic sports results or basic motor skills using a digital-based application for basic movement skills in sports. The research method used in this case is a research and development approach or method. The data collection method used in this study is a questionnaire given to respondents to obtain accurate data. While the data analysis used qualitative and quantitative data analysis to obtain valid and effective value data. The results in this study indicate that the data processing application system to determine the basic skills or basic abilities that were developed received a positive assessment from the trainer with very good and sufficient criteria. The average rating of very good is 37.5%, good is 50% and sufficient is as much as 12.5%. Furthermore, description by respondents shows that the data processing application system for the results of basic abilities or basic abilities is declared valid and can be used without revision and with revision. Based on the results of this study, it can be said that the developed system is valid and can be used to process basic motor skills possessed by athletes or students.

Effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Technique versus Trunk Mobility Exercises On Improving Trunk Control In Hemiplegic Patients-A Comparative Study

The trunk control is a basic motor skill necessary to perform many functional tasks and is deficient in patients sufferingfrom cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Stroke or cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is an abrupt onset of a focal neurological deficitlasting more than 24 hours. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of PNF technique over trunk mobility exercises forthe improvement of trunk control in hemiplegic patients. It is a comparative experimental study. This study includes (N=30) subjectswith hemiplegic patients within age group of 45-55 years. They were randomly assigned into 2 groups (Group A and B). Group Ahad 15 (N=15) subjects who are treated with Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Technique and Group B had 15 (N=15) who aretreated with Trunk Mobility Exercises. The subjects were given intervention of 4 days a week for 4 weeks. The outcome measuresused are Trunk Impairment Scales and Functional Independence Measure for trunk control and functional ability. This study was anexperimental study where pre-test and post-test design were used. Paired ‘t’ test and Independent ‘t’ test were done for statisticalanalysis. Statistically a highly significant difference is noticed between both the groups. The pre and post intervention mean of bothTIS score and FIM score was statistically significant (p=0.02) in both the groups. The results had shown that both groups notedsignificant difference. But when comparing between these two groups, there is statistical significance is noted. Therefore, on thebasis of the results, it can be concluded that, the present study provided more evidence to support the use of ProprioceptiveNeuromuscular Facilitation as compared to Trunk Mobility Exercises for improving trunk control in post stroke hemiplegic case.

Використання кінезотерапії в реабілітації дітей із ДЦП

В роботі подані результати використання тренажерних пристроїв Гросса і МОТОmed gracile12 в реабілітації дітей із різними формами дитячого церебрального паралічу (ДЦП), формуванні й розвитку основних рухових навичок, підвищенні фізичної підготовленості та витривалості. Відновлювальне лікування дитини з ДЦП проводилось з урахуванням індивідуальних можливостей і потреб. У реабілітаційній програмі використовували метод чергування занять на тренажерах. Терапія базувалася на ігрових формах. Реабілітація адаптувалась до індивідуального рівня розвитку дитини, робився акцент на її сильні сторони та потреби. Використовувалися поєднані режими пасивного, активного й комбінованого тренування. Завдяки впровадженню методики використання тренажерних пристроїв Гросса і МОТОmed gracile12 в комплексну реабілітацію дітей із ДЦП збільшився загальний рівень рухової активності та маніпулятивної діяльності, досягнуті результати зберігалися тривалий час.

Analysis of physical education curricula according to the module "Ski training" in the context of the New Ukrainian School (NUS)

The paper considers the differences between the two curricula related to the invariant and variable components. The aim of the article was to conduct a comparative analysis of physical education curricula in 2017 and 2021, namely the physical education curriculum for secondary schools 5-9 grades (updated) and the model curriculum "Physical Culture. 5-6 grades" for general secondary education institutions in accordance with the variable module "Ski training" in 5th and 6th grades of secondary schools. The methodological approach which was used in the study: the analysis of literature sources and resources of the Internet were used; analysis of domestic experience, method of system analysis, method of grouping, comparison and generalization. Both curricula have a number of differences both in the invariant and in the variable component of the variable module "Ski training" for 5th and 6th grades, in particular it is traced in theoretical information and special physical training, but in technical and tactical training were detected. The advantage of the model curriculum "Physical Culture. 5-6 grades" was the emphasis on the types of educational activities of students, which in a broad sense provides an opportunity to reveal the applied aspects of this program, including the search and creative tasks of students; differentiation and individualization of students in the process of development of basic motor skills by means of ski training; participation of students in competitions and contests; practical performance of movements and exercises by students at different stages of learning; ski games, entertainment and quests; integrated tasks of combining movements and skills at different stages of ski training.

Development of Physical Activity Competence Test Battery and Evaluation Standards for Korean Children.

The purpose of this study is to develop a comprehensive and systematic method and standard for evaluating children’s physical activity competency as a solution to the problem of increasing child obesity rates due to a decrease in physical activity among children. This study was used a cross-sectional study design. A literature review and Delphi survey were conducted to develop children’s physical activity competency evaluation. The evaluation criteria were presented based on the measurement data of metropolitan area kindergarten students (228 subjects) on the 2016 winter vacation. Items in the evaluation of children’s physical activity competency test battery include health physical strength, basic movement skills, physical activity habits, and physical activity attitudes. Physical fitness for health consisted of muscle strength and endurance (sit-up), flexibility (sit and reach, trunk lift) and body composition (BMI). Fundamental movement skills consisted of mobility (run, hop, jump), stability (static balance, dynamic balance), and control (throw kick). Physical activity habits consisted of the amount of daily steps (steps), exercise time, screen time, and sleep time. Physical activity attitudes consisted of preference, enjoyment, and confidence. The evaluation criteria for child physical activity competency test battery were presented in five stages, divided by age and gender. With the developed evaluation of children’s physical activity competency, the overall level of physical fitness for health, fundamental movement skills, physical activity habits, and physical activity attitudes of kindergarteners in the metropolitan area could be confirmed, and standards were presented.

Povezanost fizičkih sposobnosti učenika osmog razreda osnovne škole sa sportsko-specifičnim veštinama u nastavi fizičkog vaspitanja

In order to achieve higher-quality physical education, students should be involved in a wide range of sports activities that improve the level of their physical abilities and basic motor skills, in view of the fact that there is a positive transfer between sport-specific and basic motor skills, whose development depends to a significant extent on the level of physical abilities. Our study sought to establish the relationship between physical abilities and sport-specific skills in eighth-grade primary school students. Moreover, it aimed to identify sex-dependent differences in the observed variables. Sixty eighth-grade students participated in the study (boys n=28, girls n=32). Students' physical ability levels were assessed with a battery of tests (modified agility T-test, Illinois agility run test, 20m sprint test, medicine ball chest throw from a kneeling position, 10x5m sprint run), while for sport-specific skills a circuit of sports games was used (technical elements of football and basketball). In addition to descriptive statistics, a unifactorial analysis of variance was used to determine the effects of sex on the results for physical abilities and sport-specific motor skills, as well as the Pearson correlation coefficient for the relationship between physical abilities and sport-specific skills observed across the entire sample as well as according to sex. Results suggest a significant correlation between the areas of physical abilities and sport-specific skills in eighth-grade primary school students. As regards differences in results according to sex, they are significant across all variables.

Názory učiteľov východoslovenského regiónu primárneho stupňa vzdelávania na tematické celky z predmetu telesná a športová výchova

Physical education can be a subject of great importance when thinking about healthy future of our kids. Physical development and basics of physical movements taught in physical education classes are transferred from childhood to adulthood. The aim of our study was to find out and compare opinions of primary education teachers from rural and urban schools on teaching various thematic units in their physical education classes. The survey was conducted in the form of a questionnaire in 2019 and 2020. We quantified the results using the percentage of the aspect of teachers in urban and rural schools, supplemented by statistical analysis using the ?2 test at p < 0.01 and p < 0.05. We also evaluated mutual correlations when dealing with the popularity or unpopularity and complexity of thematic units. The analysis of the answers of 341 teachers showed that the most popular thematic unit for both rural and urban teachers is the unit called manipulation, preparation, and sports games. Teachers from rural schools consider psychomotor and health-oriented exercises to be the least popular unit of teaching, but teachers from urban schools had a different opinion, for them the least popular thematic unit is musical movement and dance activities. In one of our questions, we asked teachers to choose which thematic unit they consider to be most or least demanding. Both rural (48.94%) and urban (44%) school teachers consider thematic unit psychomotor and health-oriented exercises to be the most demanding in terms of teaching. As for the least demanding thematic unit, both rural and urban consider it to be basic movement skills.

An Exploratory Study of Strengthening Non-Dominant Side of Exercises on ADHD Children in Primary Schools

Empirical studies indicate that children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) benefited significantly from exercise interventions. Further investigation shows that strength training of non-dominant limbs improves children's athletic ability and cognitive development. This study tested the effectiveness of a strength training intervention on non-dominant limbs for primary school children with ADHD, evaluating its impacts on children’s motor skills. In this experiment, 15 children with ADHD aged 6-10 years were recruited, including 12 boys and 3 girls. All meet the diagnostic criteria of the American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) for ADHD. Randomly divided into age-matched experimental and control groups, children in the experimental group received intensive training intervention on non-dominant side limbs, and the control group had ADHD Children are not involved in the intervention. Before the experiment, the children and their parents were interviewed on the basic situation of ADHD children. Before and after the experiment, these children of both groups were tested on the TGMD basic motor skills development test and the SNAP-IV scale test, and the parents and children signed the informed consent. The results showed that (1) After the experiment, the experimental group had significantly better overall level of manipulative motor skills and fundamental movement skills than the control group; (2) For the results of SNAP-IV scale, the experimental group (the non-dominant side limb intensive training group) made significantly better progress than the control group (Again, you need to insert t statistics, degree of freedom along with p value here). At the same time, the attention deficit factor of the experimental group and the control group was significantly different before and after the experiment (p < 0.05). More details are needed on the pre- and post-change for both conditions. The results suggest that intensified training on non-dominant limbs can not only improve the motor skills of ADHD children, especially the control ability, but also improve the attention level compared with conventional exercise intervention. It is recommended that strengthening training of non-dominant limbs can be used as more effective exercise intervention for children with ADHD.

The Relationship Between Motor Skills and Leading the Ball in Handball in Students

The aim of the research is to determine the relationship between the achieved results in motor skills (as a predictor system) and the achieved result in students in leading the ball in slalom (criterion variable). The research was conducted on a sample of 45 students from the Primary School "Desanka Maksimivic" Laktasi, aged 11 and 12. Testing was realized in the duration of 8 lessons at the beginning of the school year. Predictor variables were presented through a set of 7 motor tests: throwing a medical ball of 3kg (bacmed), running from a high start at 30m (trc30m), endurance in the arme (enda), sit-ups (situp), long jump from standing (jump), 20 yards (20y) and flamingo test (flam). The sample of the criterion variable consisted of the test of leading the ball in slalom (vslalom). In order to formulate valid conclusions of the research, the following parameters were calculated: basic descriptive parameters, correlation and regression analysis. Based on the analysis and processing of the results, it was determined that the applied predictor system has a statistically significant correlation with the criterion variable. The statistically significant correlation is at the level of 0.05. Individual statistically significant influence was achieved by the variable: throwing a medical ball (p<0.05), while in other tests there was no statistically significant influence. It can be concluded that continuos improvement and knowledge of basic motor skills and traits in students on which success in teaching depends, is important for the proper direction and selection of potential talents, as well as for programming and implementation of the teaching process.

Fundamental movement skills and physical activity of children in low-income families

The purpose of the study was to determine the level of physical activity and basic movement skills in low-income families. The method used in this study is a quantitative descriptive method through surveys. The study sample included 32 children aged ± 9 years, consisting of 19 boys and 13 girls from low-income families. Sampling techniques use purposive sampling. The instruments used in the study were the population income category, the 2nd Edition Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD), and the Instrument Physical Activities Questionnaire (IPAQ). The results showed that children in low-income families tend to have a body mass index underweight (thin), and basic movement skills are lacking. But in physical activity, boys tend to be moderate, and children tend to be low (low). This study is expected to be data on physical activity and basic movement skills in children from low-income families to be followed up through various activity programs in schools.

Personalized System of Instruction Models Using “POJOK” Digital Module Based Toward Basket Ball Learning Outcome

The development of technology demands a lot of changes in the world of education, as well as in physical education learning so that physical education teachers in schools must be able to choose and apply learning models that can be juxtaposed with technology-based learning media, therefore the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of learning models. personalized system of instruction (PSI) based on the application of the electoral module "PJOK" on basketball learning outcomes. To achieve these objectives, the research method used is an experimental method with a one group pre-test-post-test design. The data source of this research involved in this study, namely 120 students aged 13-15 years at SMPN 8 Cimahi with purposive random sampling technique. The research instrument used was a basketball basic movement skills test instrument (ITKG BB) for ages 13-15. The data analysis used was paired simple t-test and the results of this study obtained a t-count value of 61.87 with a significance level of 0.00. Looking at the results of data analysis, the conclusion of this study is that there is an influence of the personalized system of instruction (PSI) learning model based on the application of the electoral module "PJOK" on basketball learning outcomes.Key words: Personalized System of Instructioned models (PSI), E-Modul, Basket Ball

Physical Activity Model to Develop Basic Movement Skills in Kindergarten Students Based on Physical Literacy

The lack of physical activity that is applied in Kindergarten (PAUD) has a bad impact on the future of children. It was revealed that the designed curriculum was more dominant in the development of academic achievement. The study purpose was to develop basic movement skills in kindergarten students based on physical literacy. Materials and methods. The method used in this study was research and development methods using quantitative and qualitative settings. With a population of all kindergarten teachers in Cilacap Regency which amounted to 1,387 teachers from 350 kindergartens, the sample used was 52 teachers who were taken by proportional sampling. The data analysis technique used in his study was descriptive quantitative data analysis techniques with percentages. Results. The research findings show that each item of the statement of physical activity variables in developing students' basic movements can be seen from the average value of 4.205 which is in the very good category scale range. The statement that has the smallest average value in statement number 2 is “Do students have enough physical activity at school?” and has a value of 3.827 with a good category. While the highest average in statement number 1 is “Are Kindergarten students' physical activities held at school?” with an average value of 4.423 very good category. Conclusions. Therefore, it can be concluded that "kindergarten students' physical activities held in schools" give a very good impression and are beneficial for kindergarten (PAUD) children for their growth and development.

There Is an Inverse Correlation between Basic Motor Skills and Overweight in Schoolchildren Aged 8 to 12.

In the last three decades, childhood obesity has become a 21st century epidemic, a product of social development. The purpose of this study was to analyze the repercussions that overweight and obesity have for the basic motor skills of a group of children in primary school, as well as their interrelations. We analyzed a sample of 287 students from Spain, aged between 8 and 12 years. Anthropometric data were taken to determine their Body Mass Index (BMI). A scale of assessment of basic motor skills was used to evaluate their motor skills. The BMI data revealed that 11% of this sample was considered obese, and 26% was overweight. Children showed higher competence in locomotor skills than in object control and turn and rolling skills, for which motor competence levels were lower. Likewise, there was an inverse relationship between BMI and basic motor skills; children with obesity had the lowest levels of motor skills, and there was a significant difference regarding non-obese children (p ≤ 0.05). These results showed that overweight and obese children have lower basic motor skills, which can lead to the abandonment of physical activity and the preference for other activities that reinforce a sedentary lifestyle.

Biomechanical Characteristics of Vertical Jumping of Preschool Children in China Based on Motion Capture and Simulation Modeling.

Vertical jumping is one of the basic motor skills, and it is an essential part of many sports. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate characteristics of vertical jumping of children. This paper uses a motion capture system, three-dimensional platforms, and a simulation modeling system to analyze the kinematics and dynamics performance of children’s vertical jumping. The compression time increases from 3 to 4 years old, and flight height and time increases with age and stage gradually. In the compression phase and pushing phase, the hip and knee joint play a major role; in the landing phase, the knee and ankle joint play a major role. Muscle forces are mainly affected by age, and the three types of muscle force had two different trends. The muscle force of the shank and thigh increased with age, and the pelvic girdle muscles showed an “low–high–low” trend. The regression model suggests that the force of GMiP and the hip angular velocity have a great influence on jumping ability. Therefore, if we want to improve the jumping ability of preschool children, we should pay more attention to hip exercises. We should integrate the hip exercises into interesting games, which are more in line with their physical and mental health.

The effect of motion games on improving the psychomotor and intellectual performance of children with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disabilities

Introduction. Depressive states and anxiety are common symptoms of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The persons with intellectual disabilities show problems related to the development of basic motor skills, having learning problems compared to normal ones, imbalances between the processes of arousal and inhibition, limited motor ability, difficult understanding of language and motor tasks, difficult concentration, mechanical assimilation etc. Objectives. The study analyzes the effectiveness of structures and motion games, applied in specific activities for children with intellectual disabilities (ID) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Material and Methods. The research involved an experimental group of 5 children with one of these disabilities or their combination (age 10-11 years), included in a training process at the Ion Teodorescu Special Vocational School in Slobozia / Ialomița / Romania and comparing their results with a control group (6 normal children, with an average age of 10 years), between 20.09.2020-10.03.2021. The assessment of the level of psychomotor and intellectual development was made by the Cutout Test, the Cohs Cube Test (light task configurations) and an Attention Flexibility Test (movement to the corners of the room/field depending on the assigned color, counting successful attempts and mistakes). Results and discussion. The obtained results confirm the working hypothesis, so the use of the structures and games proposed in the program contributes to a significant improvement of the psychomotor and intellectual performances of students with intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum. Conclusion. espite all these improvements, they cannot approach or equal the reference values of children without problems, falling into the same age category. Keywords: psychomotor skills, adapted physical activities, recovery, children, learning disabilities,

THE MOTOR SKILLS FOR PERFORMING MANIPURI PUNG CHOLOM

Manipuri Nata-Sankirtana is a unique type of performing art form where Manipuri male musicians sing Sankirtana using musical instruments such as Pung (Manipuri percussion musical instrument) by Pungyeiba (Pung player), Kartal (Manipuri cymbal) by Eshei-sakpa (singers), and Moibung (Conch Shell) by Moibungkhongba (conch blower) by following its prescribed sequence. The percussion musical instrument, Pung is the soul of such performance. It is necessary to know how Pung Cholom (the dexterous and vigorous movements of the body from head to toe in tune with the beats of playing Pung simultaneously in a creative manner by the Pungyeiba) is done and what are the motor skills involved in performing it. The discussion has the following objectives: Identifying the different parts of the body involved in doing Pung Cholom, knowing the basic foundations for playing Pung, and understanding the basic motor skills for performing Pung Cholom. It uses descriptive qualitative method. This utilizes the tools and techniques of interview and observation. This will bring out the different aspects of Manipuri Pung Cholom helping in the learning area of psychomotor skill, giving global benefits in performing arts.