Abstract
Vertical jumping is one of the basic motor skills, and it is an essential part of many sports. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate characteristics of vertical jumping of children. This paper uses a motion capture system, three-dimensional platforms, and a simulation modeling system to analyze the kinematics and dynamics performance of children’s vertical jumping. The compression time increases from 3 to 4 years old, and flight height and time increases with age and stage gradually. In the compression phase and pushing phase, the hip and knee joint play a major role; in the landing phase, the knee and ankle joint play a major role. Muscle forces are mainly affected by age, and the three types of muscle force had two different trends. The muscle force of the shank and thigh increased with age, and the pelvic girdle muscles showed an “low–high–low” trend. The regression model suggests that the force of GMiP and the hip angular velocity have a great influence on jumping ability. Therefore, if we want to improve the jumping ability of preschool children, we should pay more attention to hip exercises. We should integrate the hip exercises into interesting games, which are more in line with their physical and mental health.
Highlights
IntroductionPublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
If we want to improve the jumping ability of preschool children, we should pay more attention to hip exercise. Children at this age do not adapt to high-intensity sports training [29]; the hip exercise should be integrated into interesting games, which are more in line with their physical and mental health
The discussion of gender factors should be added, and more comprehensive kinematic data should be added. Both developmental stage and age have an impact on the characteristics of vertical jumping of preschool children, but they have no interactive effect
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Vertical jumping is a typical stretch-shortening cycle movement (SSC), including preparatory lengthening and rapid shortening of the muscle–tendon unit (MTU) [1]. It is an essential part of many sports, such as basketball, volleyball, and gymnastics, and the performance of this motion directly affects the results of sporting events [2]. In the pyramid model of motor development proposed by Seefeldt [3], vertical jumping is located at the bottom of the pyramid and is the cornerstone of advanced motor skills
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