Barley Sprouts Research Articles

Rheological, textural, and functional characteristics of 3D-printed cheesecake containing guava leaf, green tea, and barley sprout powders

The use of 3D food printing as an alternative to manufacturing customized food is gaining popularity. In this study, functional powders of guava leaf (GL), green tea (GT), and barley sprouts (BS) were tested as edible ink ingredients for printing cheesecake, and their physicochemical and functional properties were evaluated. Particle size and water and oil holding capacities were highest in GL powder, whereas the water-soluble index was highest in BS. In functional powder-added cheesecake, pseudoplastic and shear-thinning behavior was observed which is ideal for 3D printing. The shear modulus (1.87 kPa) of the control cheesecake (without functional powder) was significantly increased to 5 kPa or higher by adding functional powder. The in vitro glycemic index was lowest in GL cheesecake, whereas antioxidant activity and polyphenol content were highest in GT cheesecake. GL and GT powders would be beneficial as an edible ink to improve functional properties, such as antioxidant activity for GT and blood-glucose-lowering effect for BS, with enhanced printability and textural stability of 3D printed cheesecake.

MAXIMIZATION CARROT MINERALS PRESERVE AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY BY FOLIAR APPLICATION OF AQUEOUS BARLEY SPROUTS EXTRACT, TREHALOSE, AND CALCIUM

This research was implemented at vegetable field of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during fall seasons, 2018 and 2019. The experiment was conducted using factorial within Randomized Complete Block Design arrangement with three factors and replicates (3X3X2). The aqueous barley sprouts extract (B0, B1) (0, 100 g.L-1) represented the first factor. Trehalose (T0, T1, T2) (0, 50, 75 mmole.L-1) represented the second factor. Calcium (C0, C1, C2) (0, 1, 2 ml.L-1) represented the third factor. The research objectives are assessing the impact of the mentioned factors and their interactions on carrot plant minerals and antioxidant accumulation. Results showed the effectiveness of three ways interaction treatment B1T2C1 in producing significant increases in phosphorus (0.302, 0.311%) total carotenoids (15.83, 15.93 mg.100-1g), β carotene (7.9, 7.967 mg.100-1g) and DPPH (97.94, 98.41%) in roots for both seasons respectively.in compare with control treatment B0T0C0.

INFLUENCE OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF BARLEY SPROUTS, TREHALOSE, AND CALCIUM ON GROWTH, QUALTY AND YEILD OF CARROT

This research was implemented at vegetable field of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during fall seasons, 2018 and 2019. The experiment was conducted using factorial within Randomized Complete Block Design arrangement with three factors and replicates (3X3X2). The aqueous barley sprouts extract (B0, B1) (0, 100 g.L-1) represented the first factor. Trehalose (T0, T1, T2) (0, 50, 75 mmole.L-1) represented the second factor. Calcium (C0, C1, C2) (0, 1, 2 ml.L-1) represented the third factor. The research objectives are assessing the impact of the mentioned factors and their interaction on carrot vegetative, quality, and yield traits. Results showed the effectiveness of three ways interaction treatment B1T2C1 in producing significant increases in leaves number (14, 13, total sugars in roots (8.619, 8.15mg.100-1g) and carrot weight (161.6, 159g) for both seasons respectively.in compare with control treatment B0T0C0.

Inclusion of Barley Fodder in Alfalfa/Grass-Based Diets on Milk Production in Goats and Milking Sheep

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Barley Sprout Fodder (BSF) on milk production and milk composition of Saanen goats and Friesian ewes. Twenty Saanen does (1-year-old) and twenty East Friesian ewes (1 to 5 years old), were selected for this experiment, where each species was divided into four treatment groups. Goat treatments consisted of 0 (CRTL), 758 (BSF1), 1498 (BSF2) and 2270 (BSF3) g wet BSF/d added to an alfalfa/grass hay mix provided in random order. Sheep treatments were similar, but 0, 454, 908, and 1362 g wet BSF/d. The dry matter content of the fodder was 10.7%. A grain mix was fed to the goats (798 DM g/d) and sheep (400 DM g/d) during morning and evening milking. Treatment periods were fifteen days. Feed consumed was measured and milk yield and samples were collected on days 13 and 14. Milk samples were analyzed for milk fat, protein, and lactose. The cheese was made from day 14 milk and milk and cheese were analyzed for fatty acid composition. Total DM intake was between 2.7 and 2.9 kg/d for does and was different (P<0.05) between BSF treatments, 2.6 to 3.0 kg/d for ewes. Milk yield was not affected by BSF treatment. Goat milk yield averaged 2681 g/d across the treatments, while sheep was 1021 g/d. Milk fat content increased numerically from 77 to 82 g/d for goats and 50 to 58 g/d for sheep. BSF did not affect goat milk protein g/d, but sheep milk protein increased from 46 to 53 g/d. Goat milk lactose was not changed with BSF inclusion, while sheep milk lactose increased from 47 to 54 g/d. Total solids were not different from BSF in the diet for goats but was for sheep increasing from 143 to 164 g/d. There were no differences in cheese fatty acid composition for either species. The CRTL diet cost $0.82/day for goats and $0.72/d for sheep, while the high level of BSF inclusion cost $1.06/d for goats and $0.91/d for sheep. Based on the parameters of this study, the inclusion of BSF had relatively no effect on goat milk parameters but did improve milk solids in sheep milk, with no increase in milk yield.

Barley Sprout Water Extract and Saponarin Mitigate Triacylglycerol Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.

The mechanisms of action responsible for the reported hypolipidemic activity of barley sprouts have yet to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to compare the content of saponarin (the sole flavonoid present in barley sprout leaves), hypolipidemic activity between barley sprout water extract (BSW) and barley sprout ethanol extract (BSE), and the associated relevance to hypolipidemic activity in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. BSW elicited superior antiadipogenic effects when compared with BSE in MDI mixture [IBMX 0.5 mM + dexamethasone 1 μM + insulin 1 μg/mL]-treated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. BSW attenuated MDI-mediated triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation by inhibiting fatty acid synthase (FAS). FAS protein expression was markedly and dose dependently attenuated by BSW, with higher doses suppressing expression to a level equivalent to the controls. BSW also significantly attenuated MDI-mediated increases in the expression of genes involved in TAG synthesis as well as FAS in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated that BSW contains more than four times more saponarin than BSE. Further investigation of saponarin-mediated hypotriacylglycerolemic activity and related gene expression revealed that saponarin significantly inhibited TAG accumulation, which was attributed to reductions in TAG synthesis-related gene expression. Taken together, these findings provide a basis for further development of barley sprout extract for functional health food purposes.

Barley Sprout Extract and Luteolin Mitigate LPS-Mediated Inflammation in RAW264.7 Murine Macrophages via Histone Acetyltrasferase Activity Inhibition

Barley Sprout Extract and Luteolin Mitigate LPS-Mediated Inflammation in RAW264.7 Murine Macrophages via Histone Acetyltrasferase Activity Inhibition

Optimization of the extraction procedure for quantitative analysis of saponarin and the artificial light condition for saponarin production from barley sprout

Optimization of the extraction procedure for quantitative analysis of saponarin and the artificial light condition for saponarin production from barley sprout

Comparative analysis of hydroponically cultivated barley sprouts yield, polyphenol and mineral content by nutrient solution treatment

Comparative analysis of hydroponically cultivated barley sprouts yield, polyphenol and mineral content by nutrient solution treatment

Anti-Obesity Effect of Hot Water Extract of Barley Sprout through the Inhibition of Adipocyte Differentiation and Growth.

Barley sprouts are known to have several effective physiological activities. In this study, the anti-obesity effect of a barley sprout hot water extract (BSE) was confirmed. Saponarin was quantitatively analyzed in BSE using HPLC, and the inhibitory effect on 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte differentiation into adipocytes was confirmed by Oil Red O staining, TG assay, and Western blotting. In addition, the inhibitory effect of BSE on adipocyte growth was confirmed through glucose uptake and lipolysis of adipocytes. C57/BL/6N mice were induced to obesity with a high-fat diet, and BSE was administered to confirm the effect on an animal model. Weight gain, morphological changes in adipose tissue, changes in the food efficiency ratio, and blood biochemical changes were observed, and an improvement effect on fatty liver was confirmed. As a result, the anti-obesity effect of BSE was confirmed in vitro, and it was confirmed that this effect was also effective in vivo and that it could be helpful in the treatment of obesity-related diseases.

The effect of artificial lights on the growth and quality of hydroponic cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) sprouts

The effect of artificial lights on the growth and quality of hydroponic cultivated barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) sprouts

보리 새싹 분말 섭취가 50대 여성의 혈중지질에 미치는 효과 탐색 연구 : one case 보고

보리 새싹 분말 섭취가 50대 여성의 혈중지질에 미치는 효과 탐색 연구 : one case 보고

Metabolic Profiling Analysis Reveals the Potential Contribution of Barley Sprouts against Oxidative Stress and Related Liver Cell Damage in Habitual Alcohol Drinkers.

Chronic excessive alcohol consumption is associated with multiple liver defects, such as steatosis and cirrhosis, mainly attributable to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Barley sprouts (Hordeum vulgare L.) contain high levels of polyphenols that may serve as potential antioxidants. This study aimed to investigate whether barley sprouts extract powder (BSE) relieves alcohol-induced oxidative stress and related hepatic damages in habitual alcohol drinkers with fatty liver. In a 12-week randomized controlled trial with two arms (placebo or 480 mg/day BSE; n = 76), we measured clinical markers and metabolites at the baseline and endpoint to understand the complex molecular mechanisms. BSE supplementation reduced the magnitude of ROS generation and lipid peroxidation and improved the glutathione antioxidant system. Subsequent metabolomic analysis identified alterations in glutathione metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and fatty acid synthesis pathways, confirming the role of BSE in glutathione-related lipid metabolism. Finally, the unsupervised machine learning algorithm indicated that subjects with lower glutathione reductase at the baseline were responders for liver fat content, and those with higher fatigue and lipid oxidation were responders for γ-glutamyl transferase. These findings suggest that BSE administration may protect against hepatic injury by reducing oxidative stress and changing the metabolism in habitual alcohol drinkers with fatty liver.

Quality Characteristics of Nurungji Added with Barley Sprout Powder

Quality Characteristics of Nurungji Added with Barley Sprout Powder

Emblica officinalis and Hordeum vulgare L. Mixture Regulates Lipolytic Activity in Differentiated 3T3-L1 Cells.

In this study, we investigated the lipolytic effects of an Emblica officinalis (Indian gooseberry [IG]) and Hordeum vulgare L. (barley sprout [BP]) mixture on differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. On the ninth day of differentiation, Oil red O staining and Western blotting were performed; additionally, glycerol release and triglyceride (TG), fatty acid (FA), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels were measured. Compared to the differentiation-induced control (C) group, the IG and BP mixture inhibited intracellular TG and FA levels by 61.7% and 48.9%, respectively, at a concentration of 200 μg/mL. Moreover, the mixture increased glycerol release and cAMP levels by more than twofold more than those in the C group. Western blotting was performed to confirm the protein expression involved in lipolysis, and the IG and BP mixture was found to significantly increase the protein activities of AMP-activated protein kinase, protein kinase A, and hormone-sensitive lipase compared to those of the C group. Furthermore, the mixture significantly inhibited the protein activities of phosphodiesterase 3B, adipose TG lipase, and perilipin compared to those of the C group at a concentration of 200 μg/mL. We found that the IG and BP mixture activates the cAMP pathway and regulates lipolytic enzymes, which are necessary for lipolysis. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the IG and BP mixture can be potentially developed as a new material for targeting mechanisms underlying lipolysis.

Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis of malt barley sprouts

Malt sprouts are an affordable raw material for the isolation of target components, because they have a favorable chemical composition and low cost. Due to the fact that the high content of dietary fiber (up to 18,5%) prevents the absorption of a number of macro- and micronutrients, a series of experiments was conducted, including enzymatic hydrolysis of malt sprouts at different values of the following factors: temperature, duration of enzymatic hydrolysis, malt sprouts concentration (substrate concentration) and the concentration of the enzyme preparation. Celluclast BG (JSC “Novozymes”) with a cellulolytic activity of 3500 u/g was used as an enzyme preparation. Dry matter content in the hydrolysate was taken as an optimization parameter. The results of the experiments were processed by the program Statistica 12.0. The influence of temperature is nonlinear, which implies the existence of some optimal range of action of this factor. The effect of the duration of enzymatic hydrolysis and the concentration of the substrate is significant only with paired interaction of these factors, while simultaneous increase of their values has a negative effect on the dry matter accumulation. The effect of the concentration of the enzyme preparation on the dry matter yield is a linear positive dependence. It was established that the dry matter content in the hydrolysate reaches the maximum values and it is not less than 5.5 % at a temperature of 50.2 C, with the duration of the process of 150 min, the concentration of the substrate of 0.09 and the concentration of the enzyme preparation of 0.04%.

The influence of fulvic acid on spring cereals and sugar beets seed germination and plant productivity

The vegetations and fields experiments were conducted in 2017–2018 at Rumokai Experimental Station of the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry. The influence of naturally occurring fulvic acids on the germination of spring wheat and barley and sugar beet seeds, development of plants and their yield and quality was investigated. The use of fulvic acids for seed dressing reliably increased the final germination percentage and decreased the mean germination time in spring wheat, spring barley, and sugar beet. It significantly reduced the number of spring wheat sprouts damaged by Fusarium sp. and the number of spring barley sprouts damaged by Fusarium sp. and Microdochium nivale. Fulvic acids increased the length of spring wheat and barley shoots and the air-dry weight of shoots and roots. The use of fulvic acids during plant vegetation reliably increased spring wheat grain yield and sugar beet roots yield, and improved yield quality.Combinations of fulvic acids with pesticides were also investigated. The use of fulvic acids in combination with pesticides used in sugar beet crops improved the action of those pesticides, so it was possible to reduce the rates used, thus reducing environmental pollution.

Indian Gooseberry and Barley Sprout Mixture Inhibits Adipogenesis and Lipogenesis Activity in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

This study aimed to confirm the synergistic effect of an Indian gooseberry (IG) and barley sprout (BP) mixture in differentiated adipocytes. To this end, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with IG, BP, and IGBP mixtures during the differentiation period. On the last day of differentiation, we measured intracellular cAMP, triglyceride (TG), and fatty acid (FA) levels, as well as performed Oil Red O staining, glycerol release, and Western blot assays. During adipogenesis, IGBP (200 μg/mL) increased the cAMP levels by more than 2-fold and decreased the protein expressions levels of p-CREB (66.3%), C/EBPα (79.4%), C/EBPβ (85.9%), and PPARγ (74.1%) compared to those in the C group. Furthermore, the expression levels of the adipogenesis-related genes and GLUT4 (more than 3-fold) were regulated. During lipogenesis, the IGBP (200 μg/mL) activated AMPK and ACC levels and reduced the protein expression levels of SREBP1c, FAS, and LPL. This reduced the FA and TG contents in the cells by 47.6% and 76.3%, respectively, compared to those in the differentiated control (C) group, resulting in a more than 5-fold increase in glycerol release. In conclusion, we found that IGBP inhibited TG synthesis during adipogenesis and lipogenesis, and thus, displayed potential as a functional health food for preventing obesity.

Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Cookies prepared using Powders of Barley Sprout, Lemon Balm, and Green tea

Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Cookies prepared using Powders of Barley Sprout, Lemon Balm, and Green tea

Changes in Beneficial C-glycosylflavones and Policosanol Content in Wheat and Barley Sprouts Subjected to Differential LED Light Conditions.

The spectral quality and intensity of light, photoperiodism, and other environmental factors have profound impacts on the metabolic composition of light-dependent higher plants. Hence, we investigate the effects of fluorescent light (96 μmol m−2s−1) and white (100 μmol m−2s−1), blue (100 μmol m−2s−1), and red (93 μmol m−2s−1) light-emitting diode (LED) light irradiation on the C-glycosylflavone and policosanol contents in young seedlings of wheat and barley. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analyses of C-glycosylflavone contents in barley reveal that the saponarin content is significantly enhanced under blue LED light irradiation. Under similar conditions, isoorientin and isoschaftoside contents are improved in wheat seedlings. The contents of these C-glycosylflavones differed along with the light quality and growth period. The highest accumulation was observed in sprouts after three days under blue LED light irradiation. GC/MS analyses of policosanol contents showed that 1-hexacosanol (C26:o–OH) in barley and 1-octacosanol (C28:o–OH) in wheat seedlings were reduced under LED light irradiation, compared to seedlings under fluorescent light conditions. Nonetheless, the policosanol contents gradually improved with the extension of growth times and treatments, irrespective of the light quality. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between the expression pattern of biosynthesis-related genes and the respective metabolite content in barley. This study demonstrates that blue LED light irradiation is useful in maximizing the C-glycosylflavone content in barley and wheat sprouts.

Production of Green Barley Sprouts on Rice Straw in the Presence of Microbial Inoculants and Elevated CO2 as an Unconventional Dual Bio-Food and Fodders

THE AIM of this investigation is to evaluate the nutritional quality and productivity of green barley sprouts and spent sprouts (roots and basal medium) cultivated on rice straw rather than using a conventional hydroponic system. To optimize the resulting products, barley was cultivated under a range of CO2 concentrations and in the presence of up to three different microbial inoculants. Barley sprouts both treated with 800ppm CO2 and grown on rice straw in the presence of a consortium of Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas fluorescens showed significantly greatest shoot length (16.4 and 15.33cm), shoot fresh weight (1315.03 and 1217.95g/m2) and dry weight (185.11 and 171.45g/m2) than sprouts subjected to the other treatments when harvested at the first and second cuts, respectively, beside the highest significant protein (21.79%) and lipid (2.14%) levels than sprouts subjected to the other treatments when harvested at the first cut. Spent sprouts subjected to the same treatment showed significantly highest protein (8.95%), and lipid (1.98%) levels, significantly lowest crude fiber (21.93%) and a lowest C/N ratio (31.8). The highest significant spent sprout yield (3302.1 g/m2) was obtained when sprouts were grown in the absence of inoculants and under ambient air conditions. This study demonstrates the possibility of increasing the productivity and nutritive value of barley sprouts by cultivating sprouts on rice straw via different microbial inoculants in combination with elevated CO2. The sprouts produced using this unconventional cultivation method was termed dual bio-barley fodder.