Abstract
This study aimed to confirm the synergistic effect of an Indian gooseberry (IG) and barley sprout (BP) mixture in differentiated adipocytes. To this end, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with IG, BP, and IGBP mixtures during the differentiation period. On the last day of differentiation, we measured intracellular cAMP, triglyceride (TG), and fatty acid (FA) levels, as well as performed Oil Red O staining, glycerol release, and Western blot assays. During adipogenesis, IGBP (200 μg/mL) increased the cAMP levels by more than 2-fold and decreased the protein expressions levels of p-CREB (66.3%), C/EBPα (79.4%), C/EBPβ (85.9%), and PPARγ (74.1%) compared to those in the C group. Furthermore, the expression levels of the adipogenesis-related genes and GLUT4 (more than 3-fold) were regulated. During lipogenesis, the IGBP (200 μg/mL) activated AMPK and ACC levels and reduced the protein expression levels of SREBP1c, FAS, and LPL. This reduced the FA and TG contents in the cells by 47.6% and 76.3%, respectively, compared to those in the differentiated control (C) group, resulting in a more than 5-fold increase in glycerol release. In conclusion, we found that IGBP inhibited TG synthesis during adipogenesis and lipogenesis, and thus, displayed potential as a functional health food for preventing obesity.
Highlights
Obesity is a serious civilization-related health problem in the 21st century
The IGBP Mixture Activated the cyclic-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) Level Related to the Adipogenesis Mechanism in Adipocytes
Upon measuring the cAMP level acting in the process of suppressing adipogenesis in cells, found that in the C group (716.7 ± 35.1 pmol/mL), it significantly decreased compared to that of the we found that in the C group (716.7 ± 35.1 pmol/mL), it significantly decreased compared to NC group (1097.0 ± 35.8 pmol/mL)
Summary
Obesity is a serious civilization-related health problem in the 21st century. This disease affects a variety of other conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, osteoporosis, and alimentary tract diseases [1]. An increase in body mass is a typical feature of obesity, which is dependent on an increase in the size of a single adipocyte, termed as hypertrophy, or an increase in the number of adipocytes, termed as hyperplasia [2]. Pre-adipocytes exposed to differentiation–induction substances demonstrated the full maturation of adipocytes [6]. When the differentiation of pre-adipocytes begins, the specific transcriptional factors CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta (C/EBP δ) and C/EBPβ are combined to induce the expression of peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)
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