Aviation Transport Research Articles

Carbon capture and utilization: More than hiding CO2 for some time

Carbon capture and utilization: More than hiding CO2 for some time

The Simplest Models of the Macroeconomics Dynamics in a Composition with the Principle of the Subjective Entropy Maximum

Abstract This paper proposes a solution to a certain macroeconomic model. A multi-alternative problem of aviation transportation optimal organisation in conditions of uncertainty of the subjective preference functions is considered. Conditional optimisation of the objective functional containing the entropy of the individuals’ operational effectiveness functions preferences is carried out in the framework of the simplest macroeconomic problem. The principle of the Solow and Cobb–Douglas models, similar to the approach adopted for the estimation of economic growth, is modified with the subjective entropy maximum principle. The advantages of the described optimisation approach are demonstrated in the generalised terms of the operational effectiveness functions for aviation transportation organisation.

Study on the composition of a four-dimensional track display platform for aircraft based on an open-source GIS platform

As one of the cores of the new-generation civil aviation transportation system, China’s new-generation air traffic management system (CNGATM) includes various contents, such as track-based operation (TBO), which has attracted more and more scholars’ attention. Traffic management for all these periods is based on the aircraft’s four-dimensional (4D) trajectory. Based on the BADA database, this paper establishes a track simulation model, obtains the flight track through simulation experiments, and analyzes the characteristics of the track. Combined with the flight dynamics model, through the study of the four-dimensional (4D) trajectory of the aircraft, the uncertainty of the aircraft path is significantly reduced, and the utilization and safety of airspace and airport resources are improved.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ МНОГОКООРДИНАТНЫХ ШЛИФОВАЛЬНЫХ СТАНКОВ С ЧПУ ДЛЯ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЬНОСТИ, КАЧЕСТВА И ТОЧНОСТИ ОБРАБОТКИ ДЕТАЛЕЙ И УЗЛОВ АВИАЦИОННЫХ ГАЗОТУРБИННЫХ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ

The paper is aimed at improving the productivity, quality and accuracy of manufacturing gas turbine engine parts and assemblies for the modern growing passenger aviation transport based on the use of technical capabilities of modern multiaxis CNC grinding machining centers. The paper shows the results of successful application of a five-axis CNC grinding machining center MFP-050.65.65 made by Magerle (Switzerland), which allows reducing by five times the number of operations, universal machines, special devices and cutting tools by increasing the number of machined surfaces for one set of nozzle blades of an aviation gas turbine engine. Simultaneously with a significant increase in the productivity of machining various multidirectional surfaces of the nozzle blades due to the use of new highly porous grinding wheels and rational modes of deep grinding, a higher burn-free quality of the ground surfaces is ensured and an important task is solved to increase the accuracy of the flow sections of the turbine nozzle apparatus with the combined use of CNC system and special software for correcting errors of part casting surfaces during their installation, turning and deep grinding of the base surfaces. The developed new technology of nozzle blades machining was introduced for the first time in the Russian Federation at the Aviadvigatel enterprise for manufacturing nozzle blades of modern newly produced gas turbine engines.

The Possibility of Using Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage/Battery Hybrid Energy Storage Systems Instead of Generators as Backup Power Sources for Electric Aircraft

The annual growth rate of aircraft passengers is estimated to be 6.5%, and the CO2 emissions from current large-scale aviation transportation technology will continue to rise dramatically. Both NASA and ACARE have set goals to enhance efficiency and reduce the fuel burn, pollution, and noise levels of commercial aircraft. However, such radical improvements require radical solutions. With the current traditional aircraft designs based on gas turbines or piston engines, these goals are infeasible. Small-scale aircraft have successfully proven emission reductions using energy storage systems, such as Alice aircraft. This paper involves an investigation of the possibility of using superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES)/battery hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) instead of generators as backup power sources to improve system efficiency and reduce emissions. Two different power system architectures of electric aircraft (EA) were compared in terms of reliability and stability in a one-generator failure scenario. As weight is crucial in EA designs, the weights of the two systems were compared, including the generators and energy storage systems. The two EA systems were built in Simulink/MATLAB to compare their reliability and stability. With the currently available technologies, based on the energy density of 250 Wh/kg for lithium-ion batteries and a power density of 8.8 kW/kg for generators, the use of the generators as backup sources proved more efficient than the use of HESS. The break-even point was observed at 750 Wh/kg for battery energy density. Any value more than the 750 Wh/kg energy density makes HESS lighter and more efficient than generators.

Airport Group Operational Capacity Assessment and Analysis of Its Influencing Factors: Taking Typical Chinese Airport Group as an Example

As an important transportation hub for air transportation, airports have played an important role in promoting regional economic and social development and improving the comprehensive national transportation system. The exploration of the key factors affecting the airport’s operational capacity are of great importance to the sustainable development of the civil aviation transportation industry. In order to investigate the effect of airport operation, this paper selects 13 major airports in China’s three major airport groups as the objects, defines the airport operational capacity by using entropy method combined with relevant indicators, calculates and sorts the operational capacity of sample airports, and analyzes the operational capacity of their internal airports by taking airport groups as units. By using the Tobit regression model, this paper analyzes the important factors that affect the operational capacity of sub-airports within the airport group. The results show that the economic level, urban development and the degree of opening to the outside world have a positive impact on the airport operational capacity. Different regional airport groups have different influencing factors on internal sub-airports’ operational capacity.

RESTORATION AND MODERNIZATION OF THE AIRPORT NETWORK OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF CURRENT SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL CHANGES

A comprehensive analysis of the provisions of the Aviation Transport Strategy of Ukraine until 2030 was carried out. A number of negative consequences for the airport infrastructure and the aviation industry as a whole after the beginning of the full-scale invasion of Russian troops on the territory of Ukraine have been identified. The need to improve the structure of the national aviation transport system is substantiated in the theory of transport systems. The main tasks with the step-by-step implementation of the necessary measures for the restoration and modernization of the aviation industry of Ukraine in accordance with the draft Plan for the Restoration of Ukraine have been revealed. The main areas of adaptation of the general plans of cities to the modern needs of the region, taking into account the restoration of landscaping and rational spatial development, have been determined. The fact that the regulatory and legal regulation of air transport land use should be adapted to the standards of the European Union is burdened.

Dynamic Routing in Stochastic Urban Air Mobility Networks: A Markov Decision Process Approach

Urban air mobility (UAM) is an emerging concept in short-range aviation transportation, where the aircraft will take off, land, and charge their batteries at a set of vertistops, and travel only through a set of flight corridors connecting these vertistops. We study the problem of routing an electric aircraft from its origin vertistop to its destination vertistop with the minimal expected total travel time. We first introduce a UAM network model that accounts for the limited battery capacity of aircraft, stochastic travel times of flight corridors, stochastic queueing delays, and a limited number of battery-charging stations at vertistops. Based on this model, we provide a sufficient condition for the existence of a routing strategy that avoids battery exhaustion. Furthermore, we show how to compute such a strategy by computing the optimal policy in a Markov decision process, a mathematical framework for decision-making in a stochastic dynamic environment. We illustrate our results using a case study with 29 vertistops and 137 flight corridors.

Changes in Connectivity for Major Asian Airports - Europe and Post-Pandemic Improvement Suggestions

The aviation transport volume in the Asia-Pacific region continues to grow, with many airports aspiring to become aviation hubs. However, in 2020, the aviation industry faced significant disruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In light of this, this study aims to explore the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic airport competitive advantages of major Asian airports. This study selected six major airports, focusing on the quality of transit services and the number of transit flights. Specifically, the study examines two perspectives: quantity (QVC) and quality (QCI), utilizing connectivity indices such as Hub Connectivity Performance Index (HCPI) and Hub Efficiency Index (HEI). Based on connectivity analysis results, Singapore Airport, Suvarnabhumi Airport, and Kuala Lumpur Airport hold a leading position in HEI due to their geographical advantages. These airports should continue to develop Southeast Asia - Europe routes. Hong Kong International Airport follows closely in connectivity, but its flight numbers were significantly affected by the pandemic and the anti-extradition bill protests factors. Efforts to expedite the recovery of the European market are recommended. Incheon Airport benefits from the rapid development of low-cost aviation in recent years, expanding routes and flight frequencies, resulting in a continuous increase in QVC. However, it needs to enhance transit efficiency to elevate its HEI. Taoyuan Airport lags behind the aforementioned airports in both QVC and HEI. To attract more transit passengers, it should increase flights in this market.

Analytical Schemes for Modeling Complex Surfaces of Aviation Transport Engineering Systems

The article discusses a new detailed classification of the main parameters that affect the course of the technological process: from design to manufacturing, using the example of air transport. The paper singles out certain groups of initial conditions (parameters), to which the authors include geometric parameters that have a certain geometric meaning: rectangular Cartesian local parameters, affine coordinates, curvilinear Gaussian coordinates, which are widely used in the design of complex aviation systems. At the same time, aviation schemes contain abstract parameters that are included in the analytical structures that define surfaces. Further, a special place in this modeled scheme is occupied by parameters that have a certain technological (production) meaning and depend on a specific technological process.

Research on the Cooperative Education Mode of Civil Aviation Transportation Specialty under the Background of Emerging Engineering Education

Research on the Cooperative Education Mode of Civil Aviation Transportation Specialty under the Background of Emerging Engineering Education

ПОДАТКОВЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ І СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ РОЗВИТКУ АВІАЦІЙНО-КОСМІЧНОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

The article summarizes the institutional features of taxation of the aviation and space complex by its sub-sectors and individual types of economic activity. The principles of building a tax system for aircraft manufacturing entities, the content of their benefits from VAT, corporate income tax, and land tax are highlighted. The list of their transactions, which are exempt from VAT taxation and taxed at a zero rate, has been systematized. The conditions for exemption from the payment of income tax for aircraft manufacturing entities, the requirements for the targeted use of the released funds and the principles of state control over its legality have been determined. The tax system for aviation transport enterprises has been formalized, which includes benefits from VAT, excise taxes, as well as income tax under contracts of compulsory insurance of passenger transportation of civil aviation. Differences in VAT taxation of international and domestic transportation of passengers and baggage by air transport have been established. The list of its services, which are taxed at zero VAT rate, are exempt from VAT taxation and are not subject to VAT taxation, is defined. The reasons for the application of the excise tax rate without the application of the increasing coefficient for the import and production of aviation gasoline and fuel for jet engines have been clarified. The requirements for registration of tax benefits for transactions with excise goods in terms of the use of tax invoices, excise invoices, sales contracts, etc. are highlighted. Considered possible options for paying off a tax bill for a certain amount of excise tax. The experience of tax incentives for the implementation of the national infrastructural and transport project “Air Express” through the provision of VAT benefits has been systematized. It is substantiated by directions for improving the taxation of the aviation and space complex in terms of: equalization of the tax status of aircraft construction entities and manufacturers of space equipment, the application of a reduced VAT rate for all domestic air transportation, changes in the principles of state financial control of tax benefits based on an audit of the effectiveness of their use.

海南自由贸易港建设背景下民航类人才人文素养培养研究——以高职民航运输专业为例

海南自由贸易港建设背景下民航类人才人文素养培养研究——以高职民航运输专业为例

Air Transport Impact on the Development of the Tourism Industry

The article is devoted to the assessment of the impact of air transport on the development of the tourism industry. It has been established that air carriers around the world provide a significant share of international tourist trips and are dependent on fluctuations in tourist demand. It has been determined that the understanding of the need to study the degree of interdependence between the tourism and aviation business transforms traditional approaches to the study of tourism and aviation transport. The analyzed functional links between travel companies and airlines allowed asserting the formation of a specialized system, the logistics principles of which will enable people to maximize their mobility potential in the modern globalized world. It has been proved that the development of air transport becomes a decisive factor in the development of tourism, its driving force. For effective joint activities of airlines with tourist enterprises, it is necessary to develop such ways of their interaction that will allow them to function in a coordinated manner within the framework of a single chain of providing tourist services.

Ecological Problems of Ukraine Related to Urbanization, Migration and State of War

The environmental situation in Kyiv has changed as a result of the transformation of industry and its territorial structure, the role of motor vehicles. Therefore, the study of the impact of urbanization on the environmental conditions of Kyiv during the development of the post-industrial economy is topical. The aim of the research is to identify territorial specifics of environmental changes in Kyiv in the period of the post-industrial economy development in 2000-2022. General regularities and specifics of the urbanization of Kyiv and other major cities of the world in the post-industrial period were determined. The assessment of changes of sources and types of environmental pollution caused by urbanisation was conducted, which allowed estimating specifics of the post-industrial ecological conditions at a macro level, using statistical indicators of urbanisation. The methodology of the assessment of ecological usage intensity and efficiency of urbanisation reorganisation of Kyiv was developed, a comparative analysis of the urbanisation level from stationary sources and the level of ecological intensity of the use of industrial zones. Key features of dynamics and territorial structure of influence of automobile and aviation transport in Kyiv were distinguished. The methodology of complex assessment of the environmental quality change in municipal areas was applied. The practical significance of the work consists in the development of the system of ecological assessment of urbanization, which can be used to create the ecological-urban development concept of Kyiv, as well as in teaching courses and the development of practical tasks on the city ecology.

Risk management of Ukrainian aviation transport post-war recovery and sustainable development

Global air transport is an open system that is influenced by a large number of factors, both related and unrelated. One of its most vulnerable components is the activity of airlines. This is especially felt during the period of hostilities. The Malaysian Airlines Boeing 777 crash as a result of being hit by a Russian missile and the 2014 Boeing 737 crash of Ukraine International Airlines in Iran as a result of being hit by Iranian anti-aircraft missiles in 2020 are examples of the vulnerability of civil aviation in the rapidly changing conditions of military operations and determine the need for anticipatory risk management of airlines. Unfortunately, the full-scale military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine from the first minute dealt a devastating blow to the activity of air transport in general, and to the activity of Ukrainian airlines, in particular. In order to formulate strategic scenarios for the post-war recovery and sustainable development of air transport of Ukraine, the article proposes to use the Concept of National Integrated Risk Management of Air Transport of Ukraine.

Počátky rozvoje letecké dopravy v Krkonoších a blízkém okolí

The study contemplates the expansion of transport aviation in the Krkonoše region and their immediate surroundings from 1913 until the end of the 1940s. The activities of DELAG, CFRNA/CIDNA, DLH and ČSA are mentioned as well. A substantial part of the text is also devoted to accidents or landings in the field that occurred in the region during air transport.

Overview and Suggestions on the Construction of China's Low Altitude Flight Service Guarantee System

The construction of low-altitude flight service system is the basis to promote the development of the navigation industry and the necessary condition to ensure the "two wings fly together" of transport aviation and general aviation. At this stage, the construction of our flight service guarantee system is relatively lagging behind and cannot meet the urgent need of opening low-altitude airspace. This paper first introduces the basic concepts and related policies of the low-altitude flight service guarantee system, analyses the current situation of the low-altitude flight service guarantee system construction in China, and puts forward the requirements and design ideas of the low-altitude flight service guarantee system construction. Next, it analyses the operation management process of low-altitude flight service and summarizes the key technologies of low-altitude flight service support. Finally, a low-altitude flight service support information platform is innovatively designed. This paper studies and improves the theory of low-altitude flight service guarantee system construction, and provides some support for China's low-altitude airspace opening.

Strategic Scenarios of the Post-War Recovery of the Aviation Transport Sustainable Development: The Case of Ukraine

The state and strategic scenarios to recover the sustainable development of air transport in Ukraine in the post-war period are studied. Research is fulfilled with the scientific justification of quantitative indicators and macro-indicators of maintaining the trajectory of sustainable development in the medium-term perspective. The starting point of strategizing is the concept of sustainable development in the safety dimension as a management construct that contains a general systemic view of the ways to transfer from the current state of the management object to the desired one and includes the stages of identification and strategizing. Identification involves an integral convolution with dynamic weighting coefficients and a formalized justification of the limits of safe existence. A new methodology is used for strategizing, which, unlike classical forecasting methods (the past determines the future), uses the principle "the future is determined by the trajectory into the future" and is based on the method of adaptive regulation from the management theory. According to the defined methodology, three strategic recovery scenarios were developed with the annual rates of growth of real aviation transport: realistic – 4.5%; optimistic – 7.2% and the scenario of entering the optimal zone of the EU countries – 10.4%. The resulting dynamics of components, indicators and macro indicators is, in fact, a strategic plan for the post-war recovery of the economy and entering the path of sustainable development. Threats are identified and institutional measures are proposed for airlines and national systems of airports and airfields, air navigation services, aviation industry, aviation education and science of Ukraine. The strategic orientations of the environmentalization of air transport of Ukraine in the post-war period and the strategic priorities of the recovery of the air transport infrastructure were formulated, and the necessity to pursue a course towards carbon neutrality was proved.

The substitution effect of high-speed rail on civil aviation in China

China's high-speed rail (HSR) network has had a marked effect on civil aviation transport and CO2 emissions. We conduct a quantitative analysis of the substitution effect during the period 2008–2017 using the difference-in-difference method. We find that (1) the introduction and operation of the HSR network of four vertical and four horizontal lines has had a significantly negative effect on the civil aviation service. Overall, the numbers of passenger flights and air passengers fell by 28.7% and 31.8%, respectively, following the introduction of HSR. (2) HSR is most competitive when trip or operating times are less than 4 h (3) For operating times within 6 h, or trips of about 1400 km, HSR enjoys an obvious competitive advantage over civil aviation. (4) Planning is underway for an expanded HSR network comprising eight vertical and eight horizontal lines. On completion, an additional 833 flight routes compared with the current HSR network and the rate of substitution of HSR for civil aviation flights will increase by 8.8%. Taking into account an increase in rail speed for passages along rivers and coastal areas, the substitution rate of HSR will increase by a further 0.7%. (5) HSR development will have obvious CO2 emissions reduction effect on aviation transport.