Aviation Transport Research Articles

The role of regulators in mitigating uncertainty within the Valley of Death

The essential cause of the ‘Valley of Death’ (VoD) is the reluctance of the private sector to invest in technologies which are perceived as immature. However, uncertainty about whether a new product or technology complies with regulatory frameworks may also have an important effect on private sector investments. We use the cases of the Critical Path Initiative, in the pharmaceutical industry, and the Advanced General Aviation Transportation Experiments, in the general aviation industry, to analyze the role of regulatory agencies in decreasing three different types of regulatory uncertainty along the VoD. We find that regulatory agencies play an important role as a social glue which helps coordinate industry-wide efforts. Based on the comparison between the two cases, we create theory to explain the effect of regulatory uncertainty on the shape of the VoD. Our theoretical framework may help agencies detect the major sources of regulatory uncertainty, and adapt their policies accordingly to facilitate the traverse of emerging technologies across the VoD.

Mathematical modeling of a strain gauge measurement system in MATLAB SIMULINK program

Background: In recent years, modern strain gauge systems for measuring, which are used in automobile, railway, aviation, and ship transport, as well as in the pulp, paper, and metallurgical industries, have become extremely popular. These metrological systems provide accurate measurement in difficult operating conditions. The most popular among sensors are strain gauges, they are increasingly used in various areas of marine operations and legal proceedings. They are the optimal solution in the field of torque measurement.
 Aim: The program creates a model of a strain gauge measurement system. Analysis of power output characteristics.
 Methods: The article describes the construction of a mathematical model of the strain gauge measurement system. The MATLAB SIMULINK library was used for simulation. The work is based on mathematical modeling and is aimed at creating a computer-based strain gauge model. The output characteristics are analyzed. The accuracy of the software model measurement was verified by checking the convergence of the actual and measured values.
 Results: A software model of the strain gauge force measurement system was created to create a real computer strain gauge measurement system. Output characteristics are obtained.
 Conclusions:
 
 A software model of the strain gauge measurement system is proposed;
 The output characteristics were studied and the measurement accuracy was checked.

Essence and Specific Features of State Regulation in the Field of Air Transport

The emphasis has been placed on the fact that an important direction in the development of air transport infrastructure is the increase of the efficiency of state regulation in the field of aviation transport. The author has analyzed the existing scientific approaches to the interpretation of the terms of “state regulation”, “state management”, “public management”, “public administration”, “legal regulation”; has revealed the peculiarities of their relationship. It has been argued that state regulation, state management and public administration are interrelated legal categories that differ in the object of management (regulation), purpose, forms and methods of implementation of management (regulatory) measures, as well as the range of entities authorized to implement these measures. It has been substantiated that state regulation is a process implemented by various branches of government by available legal means in order to ensure regulatory impact on the relevant social environment, focused on creating conditions for effective operation of entities and facilities in areas desirable and useful for certain industries. and the state in the whole.
 It has been established that the state regulation in the field of air transport should be understood as a purposeful process of implementing regulatory measures by the state in the person of authorized agencies in order to streamline social processes (public and legal relations between entities and objects of aviation), establishing general rules of conduct while transportation of passengers and cargoes by air, rendering other aviation services, designing, manufacture and service of air transport.
 It has been noted that the state regulation in the field of air transport is a system category, which consists of interdependent components, the combination of which allows to achieve the goals in a timely manner using the appropriate set of resources. Thus, the state regulation in the field of air transport is the system consisting of the following components: purpose and objectives; principles of regulation; object of regulation; subject of regulation; forms and methods of regulation; relations that arise during regulation.
 The peculiarities inherent in the state regulation in the field of air transport have been singled out.

Competing Climate Change Responses: Reflections on EU Unilateral Regulation of International Transport Emissions in Light of Multilateral Developments

In 2016, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and International Maritime Organization (IMO) made important strides towards the regulation of emissions from international aviation and maritime transport. This was partially catalysed by the ‘ultimatum strategy’ of the European Union (EU), where the Union persistently threatened to take unilateral steps in the absence of multilateral action. As this article analyses, it appears that the Union is reluctant to relinquish its unilateral approach and align fully with both the ICAO Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme and the IMO Global Data Collection Scheme. This raises questions under public international law as to the relationships between these competing measures. Amidst rising political pressures, this article considers the extent to which the unfolding multilateral policies of the ICAO and IMO may limit the regulatory competence of the EU. While the EU is an independent legal entity, it has been conferred far-reaching competences by its Member States who are themselves members of these other international organisations. Given the lack of clarity on clear hierarchical rules, an important role remains for the customary law of state jurisdiction in governing regulatory competence more generally. The final part of this article engages with recent discussions on the existence of an obligation to exercise jurisdictional self-restraint. It reflects on the tensions arising between respect for states’ regulatory autonomy and the prevention of ‘dangerous’ anthropogenic climate change.

Research on the Specialty Construction for Aviation Maintenance Based on the Integration of Industry and Education

With the rapid development of China's aviation industry, the demand for aviation maintenance is increasing. Due to its importance in aviation transportation safety, the professional standards of aviation maintenance are higher than other industries and thus requires special training to foster expertise. Aiming at the supply and demand of professionals in the field of aviation maintenance in China, this paper analyzes the problems in personnel training of aviation maintenance specialty. It also puts forward a construction plan for aviation maintenance specialty under the structure of "Integration of Industry and Education," in order to guarantee highly-skilled professionals in aviation industry.

Security of aircraft infrastructure objects: theoretical aspects

The article determines that the basis for effective activity for the protection of critical infrastructure facilities is the formation of a system of legislative definition of criteria for attribution to the critical infrastructure of the state of the relevant facilities, including aviation. The basis of legislative and organizational activity in this sense is the implementation of scientific research aimed at the formation of scientific and organizational security of aviation objects. It is stated that beyond the scope of modern research in aviation security and in the whole of all critical infrastructure objects there remain: theoretical clarification of the essence and correlation of such theoretical and applied categories of different types of security with regard to critical infrastructure and aviation transport objects. The reasons and conditions for the formation of security threats to the entire aviation infrastructure of Ukraine have not been properly investigated. The necessity of development of theoretical and applied and legal problems of safety of the objects of aviation transport of Ukraine is determined not only by the intervention in the activity of civil aviation, but also by the whole complex of conditions of normal activity of structures and subjects of business activity of objects of aviation infrastructure. The purpose of the article is to create on the basis of a series of articles a theoretical basis for organizational and legal security of objects of aviation transport infrastructure. The purpose of the article was implemented in a systematic approach to the study of existing problems in the security sphere of aviation infrastructure. The use of a set of general and specific research methods made it possible to determine the factors and content of the causes and conditions of the formation of threats to the security of all aviation transport infrastructure in Ukraine. This approach made it possible to conclude that the content of security of aviation infrastructure and economic entities located in their territory can be viewed from several positions: First - as conditions in which there is a complex system where the action of external factors and internal factors does not lead to the emergence of threats and negative objective and subjective negative processes. Secondly, as a condition of critical infrastructure - aviation, at which the risk of harming people or property is reduced to an acceptable level. Thirdly - as a type of activity of authorized structural units for creation of normative conditions for functioning of critical infrastructure objects - aviation transport. Taking into account the analysis of the practice, legislative and departmental regulations and opinions of scientists, a differentiated classification of security threats to aviation infrastructure objects is given, with determination of their impact on each element of the infrastructure.

Modeling of the transport and production complex in the growing of agricultural crops, taking into account the aviation component

Studies of the transport and technological process of growing crops revealed that it is a complex dynamic system. It is proved that the complexity of this system consists in the presence of a large number of heterogeneous subsystems, including transport, which is an important component for growing crops. Due to the system approach to the study of transport support of the crop growing process, it became possible to identify functional features of using ground and aviation vehicles. The properties of each stage of the growing process and involvement of certain types of vehicles are determined. The scheme of transport support of the crop growing process is developed and the influence of the aviation component at certain stages in the introduction of resource-saving No-till technology is determined. Experimental studies showed that the use of aviation transport contributes to the introduction of resource-saving No-till technology by minimizing the mechanical processing of sown areas, which reduces the anthropogenic load on the soil. The developed mathematical model for analyzing the use of the transport and production complex in growing crops allows making a rational choice of ground and aviation vehicles, depending on the parameters of technologies, types of crops. Thus, there is reason to argue that it is possible to make timely and reasonable management decisions in the organization and management of agricultural production in order to maximize profits

Effect of Different Arrangement on Thermal Runaway Characteristics of 18650 Lithium Ion Batteries Under the Typical Pressure in Civil Aviation Transportation

In order to investigate the thermal runaway mechanism of 18650 lithium ion batteries and the related hazards, an experimental platform for lithium ion battery fire and explosion is designed and built. The effects of different arrangements, including vertical 2 × 2 and vertical 4 × 1, and initial pressure (96 kPa and 61 kPa) on lithium ion battery thermal runaway are studied in this paper. Compared with the results of thermal runaway characteristics with two arrangements, a higher explosion pressure, a larger mass loss, more O2 consumption and more CO and CO2 production are observed of vertical 2 × 2 batteries due to the larger contact area between batteries. The explosion pressure of vertical 4 × 1 batteries decreases gradually with thermal runaway propagation. For vertical 2 × 2 batteries, the explosion pressure of battery C, D is about twice as large as battery A. The intensity of chemical reaction is more violent under 96 kPa which cause a lower onset temperature and a shorter onset time than that under 61 kPa. The thermal runaway propagation hazard can be reduced by decreasing the contact area between batteries. The results could provide useful guidance for the safety of lithium ion battery transportation in civil aviation.

Methodology of substantive fatigue life valuation of composite components of aero structure

The key features of the regulatory requirements for the fatigue life valuation of composite laminates were presented. With allowance for those requirements and through the use of the well-known patterns of residual strength degradation and stiffness degradation of layered composite materials over the course of fatigue cumulation, the fundamental principles of the methodology of substantive fatigue life valuation were created. They, in particular, can be used for the lower and upper wing paneling of the transport category of aircraft. It was indicated that it’s worth making the substantive valuation at the project definition stage of an aircraft, when the key parameters of the laminates are being determined: the type of layered composite materials, parameters of their placement, selection of analytical stresses, etc. As a conditional sample of the substantive fatigue life valuation of carbon fiber laminate, was presented to use as the AS4-PW 10/80/10 (8,84 mm thick) used in the capacity of the upper wing paneling of the transport aviation planes. The types of valuations were performed as follows: fatigue life prediction for the samples with free holes; fatigue life prediction for the samples with scarcely visible shock damages; fatigue life prediction for the samples with scarcely visible shock damages prior to reaching the standard residual strength degradation level; fatigue life prediction for the samples with scarcely visible shock damages prior to reaching the standard residual stiffness degradation level. The above valuations exposed significant distinctions between the received values for the different samples depending on the used prediction method. The analysis of the received values revealed the necessity of making the same substantive estimates for determination of the fatigue life valuation of composite components of aero structures with acceptable accuracy.

DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIAN AIR TRAFFIC IN THE EUROPEAN INTEGRATION CONDITIONS

Purpose: to study the development of Ukraine’s air traffic in accordance with European Union standards. Methods: documentary analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis, objective truth, cognitive-analytical, etc. Results: generalized mechanisms for improving the development and coordination of air traffic in accordance with international standards. Discussion: clarification of the normative fixing of air traffic in domestic legislation, the role of Ukrainian aviation providers and airline operators in the «free sky» of Europe, the state of implementation of international standards and participation of Ukraine in international organizations. Transport, as an infrastructure industry, must be ahead of the pace in order to promote the country’s rapid economic and social development. The Ukrainian aviation transport system is on the path of integration with the European aviation transport system. The implementation of the task of gradual integration into European and world transport systems involves the implementation of European norms and standards in the air transport sphere, adherence to key international conventions and agreements, development of aviation infrastructure, international transport corridors and checkpoints, security and environmental friendliness. Ukraine’s intention to cooperate with the EU in order to improve the functioning of the trans-European transport networks is based on the relevant plan of the European Commission to extend the major trans-European transport axes to the territory of Ukraine. New agreements in this direction allow Ukraine to integrate into the Single European Aviation Market, but to achieve this goal it is necessary to harmonize the Ukrainian air transport network in accordance with European standards on the basis of not declarative but real implementation of state target programs in accordance with the system of international treaties. The aviation network to a single EU aviation network. Recommendations on the strategy and mechanisms of integration of Ukraine’s aviation network into a single EU transport system have been developed.

Адміністративно-правове забезпечення публічного порядку і безпеки на авіаційному транспорті

Статтю спрямовано на розкриття особливостей адміністративно-правового забезпечення публічного порядку і безпеки на авіаційному транспорті. В роботі охарактеризовано властивості авіаційного транспорту, його сучасний стан та вектор розвитку. Досліджено склад та структуру нормативно-правової бази, якою регулюється зазначена сфера діяльності. Розглянуто комплекс питань, що стосується безпеки в авіації, приділено увагу системі суб’єктів, діяльність яких спрямована на її забезпечення. Уточнено співвідношення понять «публічний порядок на авіаційному транспорті» та «авіаційна безпека», зроблено висновки про застосування різних видів правових режимів, що мають місце в авіації, а також про складну систему комунікацій між суб’єктами, які забезпечують додержання цих режимів.

Overview of new types of torque force sensors

In recent years, modern torque measurement systems have become very popular. they are used in road, rail, aviation and ship transport, as well as in the pulp, paper, and metallurgical industries. These metrological systems provide accurate torque measurement in difficult operating conditions as well as in aggressive environments. Thanks to the introduction of microprocessors in these devices, it became possible to increase the speed, it became possible to connect automatic torque tracking systems via a network interface to a single automatic control center and to perform remote control of torque sensors. With the use of modern software increases communication automatic torque measurement systems. Various software models are being developed for automatic torque measurement systems that have the ability to either partially simulate this system or work as an assistant device adapting automatic measurement systems to various uncertainties such as ambient temperature and properties of ferromagnetic materials. Safety of operation of transport systems, load-lifting devices and production facilities is increased.
 The purpose of this article is to review and analyze new types of torque sensors well-known manufacturers. The design and composition of modern measuring systems are considered and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. The technical description for each of the torque converters is given.

Marketing aspects to investment attractiveness of diversified enterprises of aviation transport and logistic clusters

Introduction. Increased competition on the global capital market encourages companies to use marketing tools to stand out from competitors and thus have higher chances of investments attraction. The purpose of the article is to improve the theoretical and methodological foundations of regional logistics clusters formation, and to develop scientific and practical recommendations on the investment attractiveness of diversified enterprises in the aviation cluster of low-budget transportation.
 Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to improve the theoretical and methodological foundations of regional transport and logistics clusters, and to develop scientific and practical recommendations on the investment attractiveness of diversified enterprises in the aviation cluster of low-budget transportation.
 Results. Modern conditions of economic development are characterized by accelerating globalization and intensifying competition not only between companies and countries, but also between regions. The competitiveness of Ukraine consists of the competitiveness of the regions, which is formed by active development of economic entities in the respective regions. The competitiveness is characterized by support and development of clusters by consolidating the efforts of the state, business, science and education in priority areas of the regional economy. Besides private investment and commercial loans, the traditional sources of funding for the airport development programs are local budget support and loans, which are targeted at public financing of investment projects. In order to attract private (foreign) investments in airport development it is important to abide to several standards, including liberal administrative and tax policies of both local and public authorities, which encourage private investment initiative; effective antitrust policy of local authorities aimed at maintaining a healthy competitive environment.
 Conclusions. In order to form the positive image of the low-budget transportation cluster as a reliable, competent and solvent borrower, it is necessary to properly position the cluster and its offer to investors. The target market segment is the zonal aviation cluster can occupy a dominant position in the market segment of integrated transport services by customizing its strategy to stand out from the existing pool of competitors.

Ecosystem concept of the aviation industry

Annotation. Introduction. Industry’s development is an actual focus point for regulators and researchers. Certain preconditions for the development are related to the growing influence of digitalization on industry relations and informational support. Client-oriented approach becomes dominant in shaping relations inside and outside the industry. The goal of the article is to develop a concept of the aviation industry ecosystem by creating an algorithm for involvement of its agents and identification of stages to build the process of common efforts to develop the industry. The research relies on the following methods: data search, structural, cause and effect and system analysis. Results. The development of the aviation industry occurs under conditions of tight relationships with related industries, so it has a profound effect on their development too. The central point of this area is an airport, which directly cooperates with aircraft carriers operating under competing business-models of network or low-cost flights, but also is deeply integrated into local economic system as an important part of transport infrastructure. Formation of a common area for development, which is to stimulate the demand in aviation and related industries, notably the tourism, is underway with increasing speed, as liberlization of aviation transportation. So the governmental regulation shall use the specific approaches for the new situation. The aviation industry ecosystem regards a consumer on several stages of the travel process: inspiration for a trip, reservations of tickets, hotel and other services, preparation for a trip, airport experience, flight experience, arrival experience, destination experience and post-trip experience. The article defines which agents are responsible for the successful completion of every stage. The prospects for further research. The prospects for further research may apply the development of an economic-mathematical model for government regulation of the aviation industry under the perspective of its ecosystem development.

Research on forecasting method of aviation traffic based on social and economic indicators

With the continuous deepening of the Reform and Open combining rapid growth of the national economy, China’s civil aviation industry has made considerable progress in expanding the scale of transportation. According to the basic ideas and action guidelines determined by China’s economic and social development strategic planning, the overall goal is to build a safe, efficient and green mass civil aviation transportation system by 2030. The rapid development of the civil aviation industry is bound to bring a rapid increase in the passenger throughput of civil aviation. The size of the airport is closely related to the passenger throughput. Therefore, the airport passenger traffic forecast results will become an important basis for determining the future scale of the airport. This paper proposes a comprehensive forecasting method combining trend extrapolation and econometrics with economic and social indicators, and elaborates the method with examples.

Impact of Carbon Tax Scheme and CO2 Control Technologies on Bangladesh Aviation Industry

Aviation transport action group reported that carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emission of airlines in 2017 was 859 million tons which is 2% of global emissions, (Akça, Z. 2018). It adds that the bank has calculated that “under the worst case ‘carbon intensive’ scenario, living standards will fall by 6.7% for Bangladesh by 2050”. This paper investigates how Bangladesh can respond to best optimize to the EU’s Aviation Carbon Tax Scheme proposed by the Stackelberg game model. The analytic result shows that the strategy “refusal of pay” is the best one which Bangladesh is taking step of. Numerical simulations specify a quantitative visual of the consequences found. The policy is found to be effectively not flying as much would reduce the CO2 emission and consequently, purchase of new aircraft, retrofitting and upgrade improvements on existing aircraft, latest designs in aircraft/engines, fuel efficiency standards and alternative fuels etc. reducing the overall emissions. The main contribution of this paper is to study a new international issue for developing country on aviation carbon tax and CO2 emissions policy suggestions for the aviation technology.

Strategy of of economic efficiency enhancement for land use of aviation transport

The place and significance of land resources in the system of aviation transport have been researched. According to the analysis, aviation transport lands in the general structure of lands do not occupy significant positions (II cluster). But, if used effectively, these lands can be a factor in improving the financial performance of airports. It is shown that an important role in land use play economic levers as a set of assets that operate in the economic plane and operate for economic purposes. The possibilities and potential of economic instruments of regulation and characteristics of institutional support for the implementation of economic levers are research. The priorities of economic influence on the possibilities of use and protection of land of aviation transport have been formed. It is shown that it is important to account the interests of stakeholders and the ability of an objective approach to regulation when formulating land use policies. Keywords : land resources, air transport, economic tools, priorities of impact.

Developing the Aviation Transportation in Vietnam Situation

Developing the Aviation Transportation in Vietnam Situation

Research on the application of “O2O” teaching mode based on mobile communication platform in the course of air transportation geography

Although smart phones have greatly changed people’s way of learning, it will also affect classroom teaching if it is not used normally. At present, this paper proposes an innovative teaching mode, which can connect classroom learning and extracurricular learning through mobile communication platform. The O2O teaching mode not only solves the problem of improper use of mobile phones, but also expands the breadth and depth of students’ autonomous learning. First of all, this paper analyzes the teaching organization of O2O teaching mode in the aviation transportation geography course. Then, this paper puts forward some problems in O2O teaching. Finally, some suggestions are put forward.

경상북도 지역 항공운송서비스업의 경제적 파급효과 분석: 지역산업연관모형을 이용한 국제공항 소재 3개 도와 비교하여

The objective of this study is to analyse the economic impacts of Aviation Transport Service industry through the comparative analysing for multipliers in Gyeongsangbuk-do as the alternative location to replace the International Airport and 3 provinces (Gangwon-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, and Jeollanam-do) located the International Airport by 2013 Regional Input-Output Tables of Bank of Korea (2015). For this, based on the 2013 regional I-O transactions tables of 4 provinces, tourism multipliers were derived with respect to output, income, value-added and employment. The result of the analysis of the tourism including aviation transport service multipliers of the 4 provinces indicates that the multipliers of output, income, value-added and employment in aviation transport service industry was very low, but the ‘-’ value of the multipliers value of 3 provinces was lower than the average multiplier value of all industries. Therefore, the economic impacts of the aviation transport service industry in Gyeongsangbuk-do is expected to increase in the future.