Automatic Light Research Articles

Availability, Demand, Perceived Constraints and Disuse of ADAS Technologies in Spain: Findings From a National Study

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), created for enhancing the driving experience and actively preventing road crashes, have been progressively incorporated in vehicle designing essentially during the last decade. However, the literature has shown how some of these assisting technologies are not used by drivers in tandem with their potential. The aims of this study were, first, to examine the availability and demand of ADAS technologies among Spanish drivers and, secondly, to explore the perceived constraints and discouraging reasons for avoiding the use of ADAS available in their vehicles. For this national cross-sectional study, data from 1,207 Spanish drivers were analyzed. The results of this study show that, on one hand, GPS navigation, rain sensors and automatic lighting are the most frequently used ADAS features in Spain and, on the other, that gestural control, E-call and post-collision emergency braking are the less demanded. Also, there are age and gender-based differences in the valuation of certain ADAS features. Further, low perceived value, lack of confidence and potential distractibility constitute the main constraints perceived by drivers to actively use these assisting technologies while driving. In this regard, and jointly with a progressive vehicle automatization, a deeper emphasis on driver training, safety and efficiency-related benefits of ADAS technologies may strengthen its acceptance and progressive inclusion in everyday driving.

A Digital Model for Smart City using Internet of Things (IoT)

A smart city is a developed urban area that excels in the area of economy, governance, people and life through strong human capital, social capital and ICT infrastructure. It is a new approach to managing the complexity of city life, increase efficiency, reduce expenses and improve the quality of life of the citizens. Now-a-days internet of thing has changed people way of using technology. Devices operating using internet has evolved over the last few years. Due to the advancement of sensor technology the way of working has improved a lot that is speed, performance. In this project we have developed a system smart city that is equipped with Internet of Things. System is also facilitated with different features like water pollution detection, weather monitoring, accident detection and video surveillance. In this project, we developed a smart Town system equipped with the Internet of Things. So our system will help to detect accidents, water pollution, automatic street lighting, reduce electricity wastage and video surveillance. It will lead to fully automated city services and make the lives of citizens easier and more convenient. This project aims to implement services that support the smart city. The services that we are going to address are accident detection, street light control, water pollution detection, video surveillance and weather monitoring. These automated services will help make the Town Smart. Our aim is to implement services that support Smart City. These services fall into the domains of smart transport, smart health, ambientassisted living, smart tourism and recreation, crime prevention and community safety, governance, monitoring and infrastructure, disaster management, environment management, refuse collection and sewer management, smart homes and smart energy.

AUTOMATIC STREET LIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM USING WSN BASED ON VEHICLE MOVEMENT AND ATMOSPHERIC CONDITION

Light Emitting Diode based street lighting system are becoming most common these days. But the limitation with this ordinary street light system is that it lacks of intelligent performance. It is necessary to automate the system, so that we conserve energy as well as to maximize the efficiency of the system. This paper presents a remote streetlight monitoring and controlling system based on LED and wireless sensor network. The system can be made set to run in automatic mode, which controls the streetlight. The control can make a reasonable adjustment according to the seasonal variation. This system also can run in controlled mode. This mode can take the initiative to control streetlights through PC monitor terminal. The street lamp system includes a time cut-out , and an automatic control pattern for even more electricity conserving, namely when vehicles pass by, the LED will turn on automatically, later it will turn off. Here automation of street light is done by light-dependent resistor. The system is developed with various sensors namely IR sensor for vehicles, PIR sensor for human movement detection and LDR sensor for sunlight detection. As the sensors detect the conditions, using wireless technology microcontrollers made variations in LED. As the system is made connected to Internet of Things. It helps to make automatic street light to visualize the real time updates of street light and notifying the changes occur. Also help to check the status of street light from anywhere to operate using IoT in case of any failure. As it helps to verify the energy consumption of the street light

Synthesis of M1-3xAl2O4:Eu2+x/Dy3+2x (M2+= Sr2+, Ca2+ and Ba2+) phosphors with long-lasting phosphorescence properties via co-precipitation method

The long afterglow fluorescent material of M1-3xAl2O4:Eu2+x/Dy3+2x (M2+ = Sr2+, Ca2+ and Ba2+) phosphors are successfully synthesized by calcining precursor obtained via co-precipitation method at 1300 oC for 4 h with reducing atmosphere (20% H2 and 80% N2. The phase evolution, morphology and afterglow fluorescent properties are systematically studied by the various instruments of XRD, FE-SEM, PLE/PL spectroscopy and fluorescence decay analysis. The PL spectra shows that the Sr1-3xAl2O4:Eu2+x/Dy3+2x phosphors display vivid green emission at ~519 nm (4f65d1→4f7 transition of Eu2+) with monitoring of the maximum excitation wavelength at ~334 nm (8S7/2→6IJ transition of Eu2+), among which the optimal concentration of Eu2+ and Dy3+ is 15 at % and 30 at %, respectively. The color coordinates and temperature of Sr1-3xAl2O4:Eu2+x/Dy3+2x phosphors are approximately at (~0.27, ~0.57) and ~6700 K, respectively. On the above basis, the M0.55Al2O4:Eu2+0.15/Dy3+0.3 (M2+ = Ca2+ and Ba2+) phosphors is obtained by the same method. The PL spectra of these phosphors shows the strongest blue emission at ~440 nm and cyan emission at ~499 nm under ~334 nm wavelength excitation, respectively, which are blue shifted comparing to Sr1-3xAl2O4:Eu2+x/Dy3+2x phosphors. The color coordinates and temperatures of M0.55Al2O4:Eu2+0.15/Dy3+0.3 (M2+ = Ca2+ and Ba2+) phosphors are approximately at (~0.18, ~0.09)，~2000 K and (~0.18, ~0.42), ~11600 K, respectively. In this work, long afterglow materials of green, blue and cyan aluminates phosphors with excellent properties have been prepared, in order to obtain wide application in the field of night automatic lighting and display.

The Choosing of Control Mode in Tunnel Lighting Intelligent Control System

Nowadays, more and more tunnel lighting intelligent control systems are applied into reality. For most control systems, there are five control modes. In this paper, the workings of the five control modes are expounded, and the conditions of adjusting the luminance level are obtained. Further, the luminance level and the power consumption of those control modes are compared. In order to choose the more suitable control mode, equipment cost, tunnel length and traffic volume are all considered for meeting equipment-lifetime and energy-saving. Combined lighting mode and automatic lighting mode are more suitable for most tunnels. Furthermore, the formula to forecast the lighting time using the minimum level and the difference of power-saving between combined lighting mode and automatic lighting mode are acquired. In the end, the options of the controls mode are listed for choosing.

Unmanned Parking System using Lab view

The existing parking system requires manual support for controlling and monitoring vehicles. The motive of this system is to find out appropriate solution of parking related issues in different aspects. The proposed system can be control the vehicle parking system in shopping malls, Theatres, outdoor stadiums etc. The proposed system consists of two levels of parking for vehicles, where each level has limit of 100. In this proposed parking control system IR sensors will detect and count the number of vehicles on arrival and guided to enter into the vacant parking levels accordingly. This system is designed with automatic lighting and fire detection facility.

Real-Time Lighting Control System with Fuzzy-Mamdani for Smart Home Application

The use of pervasive computing in the context of home automation equipment will greatly facilitate life. Several building still use manual switch to turn on or turn off the lighting system. It becomes ineffective if the house has a lot of lights, due to it sometimes forget to turn off. Hence, the real-time control system for automatic lighting processing is desirable. An automatic control system will allow to control the illumination and it will decrease the energy costs. In this paper, the Fuzzy logic system-based Mamdani style is used to adjust the intensity of the lights. Based on simple algorithm the controller board is working in a real-time condition. As a result found, the implementation is successfully to control the lighting system with good performance. Thus, the fuzzy system can be built smart home concept that facilitate the human life.

Disney Trap Attractiveness for the Cortelezzii Series (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in a Fishing Tourism Area, Bonito Municipality, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil.

Sand fly fauna is frequently sampled using automatic light or Shannon traps, yet few studies have been devoted to investigating the effectiveness of Disney traps baited with live animals as an attractant. This study sought to identify the phlebotomine fauna attracted to Disney traps having hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) as bait. A hamster-baited Disney trap was installed in a gallery forest located in Águas do Miranda District, Bonito Municipality, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil, from November 2011 to October 2012. A total of 717 phlebotomines were collected, in which male (251) and female (463) specimens of the Cortelezzii series (Diptera: Psychodidae) predominated (99%). Males were attracted from January to July, whereas the females were predominantly attracted from January to May. No significant correlation was observed between the monthly climatic averages of temperature, rains and humidity, and the numbers of insects collected. Although these findings showed the attractiveness of both sexes of the species of the Cortelezzii series to golden hamsters, further studies are needed to investigate the blood meal preferences of these females to other rodents. As rodents have been reported as reservoirs of Leishmania spp. (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), research using live-baited traps can reveal feeding preferences of sand flies and the importance of various rodent species in the zoonotic cycle.

Precise initial weld position identification of a fillet weld seam using laser vision technology

Full autonomy is the ultimate goal in robotic welding. Heretofore, to weld a fillet weld seam formed by two steel plates, the initial weld position had to be found by procedures that involved some manual steps. In this paper, the authors propose a completely autonomous method to find the initial weld position for a fillet weld seam formed by two steel plates. This method employs an automatic dynamic programming-based laser light inflection point extraction algorithm. This algorithm needs no information provided about the region of interest (ROI), even when the inflection point is near the border of the image. The algorithm for this method can overcome unstable factors induced by natural light (e.g., a strong light reflection, a light intensity difference), which may be present during the processing of laser vision images. An auxiliary algorithm to compensate for a time delay is also presented. The algorithm proposed in this paper has been validated in actual industrial environments and can satisfy any real industrial application requirements in terms of efficiency and reliability. With this algorithm for the initial weld position, the entire robotic welding process for a fillet weld seam formed by two steel plates can now be fully autonomous.

Implantable Energy-Harvesting Devices.

The sustainable operation of implanted medical devices is essential for healthcare applications. However, limited battery capacity is a key challenge for most implantable medical electronics (IMEs). The human body abounds with mechanical and chemical energy, such as the heartbeat, breathing, blood circulation, and the oxidation-reduction of glucose. Harvesting energy from the human body is a possible approach for powering IMEs. Many new methods for developing in vivo energy harvesters (IVEHs) have been proposed for powering IMEs. In this context energy harvesters based on the piezoelectric effect, triboelectric effect, automatic wristwatch devices, biofuel cells, endocochlear potential, and light, with an emphasis on fabrication, energy output, power management, durability, animal experiments, evaluation criteria, and typical applications are discussed. Importantly, the IVEHs that are discussed, are actually implanted into living things. Future challenges and perspectives are also highlighted.

Motion Sensor Application on Building Lighting Installation for Energy Saving and Carbon Reduction Joint Crediting Mechanism

Although common in developed countries such as Japan and Taiwan, the use of lamps coupled with motion sensors are still uncommon and even rare in Indonesia. Our experiment aims to show that simple installation of commercially available motion sensors can contribute to reduce the electricity bill from the increase of energy efficiency, abundance in availability of energy being the main factor in Indonesian high energy consumption habits. High electricity demand for consumption at current supply level in Indonesia led to the rising cost of electricity bills. This factor is compounded by the fact that many electric generators in Indonesia still use fossil fuels, which contributes to the high basic generation cost. UBL is one of the universities that aim to be a green campus. Our research explores the possibility of installing motion sensors to contribute to the energy efficiency. Although mostly common in developed countries, the use of motion sensors for energy efficiency is still rare, especially in Indonesia. Despite rising cost and supply shortages, Indonesian buildings are still of high energy consumption. Our experiment shows that simple installation of commercially available motion sensors can contribute to reduce the electricity bill from the increase of energy efficiency. One of the efforts to lower energy demand on the consumer side is to use the electricity efficiently, such as turning off lights in a room when it is not in use. This method can be simply done by turning the light switches for office and classrooms, but difficult to do in public spaces such as toilets and corridors. Automatic light switches experimentally installed in sample toilet rooms prove that electricity consumption from the lamps can contribute to the reduction of total weekly energy that translates into Greenhouse Gas emission reduction.

Overview of Mitaraka survey: research frame, study site and field protocols

This article introduces the biodiversity survey “Our Planet Reviewed” in the south of French Guiana organized in February–March and August 2015. It has enabled more than 50 scientists to inventory the following groups: Actinopterygii, Amphibia, Annelida, Arachnida, Insecta, Mollusca and Squamata, with a particular effort on diverse and little-known orders, such as Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera and Hymenoptera. The forested area under investigation presents a mosaic of hills and inselbergs, with a wide variety of ecosystems. The main objectives were to discover new species for science, report first records for French Guiana, and establish a baseline inventory for biogeographic studies. The organisation of the field trip and post-field phase are supported by coordinators of major taxonomic groups. Authorisations and associated commitments, including Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) are specified. The sampling effort, in terms of number and diversity of methods, is certainly the largest ever made in French Guiana over a short period of time. Thirteen different trap types were used including four types of interception traps and nine types of attraction-based traps. Active research methods (13 techniques) and extraction from the substrate (five techniques, including Winkler sieves, emergence from dead wood, etc.) completed the sampling array. The sample processing procedure describes the difference between active collecting and the longer and more complex process of processing massive samples of traps such as window pane flight intercept traps, Malaise traps, colored pan traps and automatic light traps. After a sorting phase that lasted less than a year for most groups, a network of 165 taxonomic experts was mobilized by the coordinators to study the sorted specimens. The data are stored and managed in an observations database and in the database of the collections of the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (Paris). Data are widely disseminated, notably in France via the Inventaire national du Patrimoine naturel (INPN) and internationally by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). This introductory article will be supplemented by a second paper, which will analyse research results three years after the survey and assess the effectiveness of the expedition in advancing taxonomic knowledge.

RANCANG BANGUN LAMPU PENERANGAN JALAN UMUM (PJU) MENGGUNAKAN SOLAR PANEL BERBASIS ANDROID (APLIKASI DI JALAN PARKIRAN KAMPUS 2 UMSIDA)

Data from the Directorate General of Electricity and Energy Development in 1997, the installed capacity of solar electricity in Indonesia reaches 0.88 MW from the available potential of 1.2 x 109 MW. Therefore, this research is made of solar street based lighting design (PJU) as alternative energy that cheap and economical. The work system on the street lighting lighting (PJU) is controlled by an Arduino microcontroller. And use solar panel as source of voltage and light sensor. The light sensor will work and read the intensity of sunlight. During the day the sensor provides input to the arduino so that the lights automatically turn off and at night the sensor gives input to the arduino so that the automatic light is on. And can be controlled using Android Gadget through bluethoot HC-05 Module. The result The lights automatically turn on and off according to the reading of the Light Sensor and the Arduino Microcontroller Communications with Android Smartphone leverages the Bluethoot HC-05 module to work properly. Arduino Microcontroller can take orders from Android Smartphone either with obstacle or without obstruction with a maximum distance of 15 meters

Perancangan dan Realisasi Alat Demonstrasi PC-based Control untuk Simulasi Keamanan Bangunan menggunakan Embedded PC

D emonstration mode is a method used to show a process or work of an object. Demonstration methods can be used to illustrate information to others, predict what will happen, facilitate different types of explanations, and some unfamiliar issues can be asked immediately when a process is demonstrated to be clearly answered. Companies in particular that sell electrical appliances use demo tools to explain the various control systems offered, or how to use the tools they sell. Demo tools are needed to explain the benefits of the control system and the use of the tools. Through automated gate control systems, automatic lights, and alarm functions, the simulation of building security systems becomes the case for the community. The development of industrial technology in the present can not be separated from the role of industrial automation. Industrial automation or numerical control is the use of control systems as well as computers used to control industrial machines and process controls to replace human power carriers. PC based control system is a high-ability control platform. The demonstration tool simulates a security system in the form of a digital output for LED lights whose sequence depends on the given digital input (push button and switch) and smart house applications. Analog input is also implemented, but for analog outputs the voltmeter does not generate the correct voltage value when the potentiometer value changes. This is because there is a loading on the voltmeter so that the output that appears on the voltmeter becomes much smaller than it should be.

Rearing and Biology of the Decapitating FlyPseudacteon bifidus(Diptera: Phoridae): A Parasitoid of Tropical Fire Ants

The small decapitating fly, Pseudacteon bifidus Brown and Morrison (Diptera: Phoridae), is a parasitoid of the tropical fire ant, Solenopsis geminata (F.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). This fly is of interest as a potential self-sustaining biocontrol agent because tropical fire ants are invasive pests throughout the world's tropics, especially on islands of the Pacific. The objective of this study was to develop methods for mass rearing P. bifidus and to study related aspects of its biology. The flies used in this study were collected near the Nueces River north of Catarina, Texas, USA. We found that P. bifidus parasitizes minor workers with an average head width of 0.71 ± 0.10 mm (0.59–1.15, range). The sex ratio of adult flies was moderately skewed to males (58:42%), with males slightly more likely to emerge from the smallest hosts and females from the largest ones. The average generation time was 30 d at 27.6 °C. Average larval development time was 14 d at 27.6 °C, but the pattern was highly skewed with a mode of 11 d and about 15% of individuals in a long tail of slow developing larvae, which extended out to at least 41 d. Male pupae emerged faster than female pupae (0.8 d, 23.5 °C). Unlike other Pseudacteon species, adult females were not ready to oviposit until 8 to 24 h after eclosure. We were able to rear 9,500 ± 2,800 flies per generation primarily by modifying preexisting rearing procedures (1) to provide adults access to water and sugar water so they could live longer, (2) by extending access to hosts for 1 to 2 extra d, and (3) by avoiding reuse of host colonies with poor rates of parasitism. Labor costs were decreased by rearing in discrete generations and the use of an attack box with automatic temperature, humidity, lighting, and mechanical controls that allowed flies to emerge, mate, and parasitize hosts without the need for constant management. The success of these rearing efforts provided a foundation for subsequent studies of P. bifidus host specificity and host suitability.

Differences in the community composition of nocturnal Lepidoptera between native and invaded forests are linked to the habitat structure

Non-native invasive plants are among the main threats to global biodiversity, including insects, and it is thus important to understand the mechanisms of how invasive plants impact native species. The community composition of nocturnal Lepidoptera was studied in the Czech Republic (Central Europe) in stands of native deciduous trees and in stands dominated by the invasive tree Robinia pseudoacacia, using automatic portable light traps together with an assessment of habitat characteristics. Native stands had more closed canopies and poorly developed understories. Conversely, R. pseudoacacia stands were more open and heterogeneous, with sparse canopies, well-developed shrub layers and a higher cover of taller herbs. Moth species richness, abundance and biomass were lower in R. pseudoacacia, likely due to the low richness of canopy herbivores not adapted to feed on the exotic host. However, feeding guilds associated with the understorey were more represented in stands of R. pseudoacacia, likely due to the more heterogeneous habitat structure. The Lepidopteran communities observed in stands of R. pseudoacacia resembled communities of open-forests or forest-steppe habitats. In contrast, native stands were dominated by Lepidoptera associated with trees, including forest specialists but also habitat generalists. From a conservation perspective, it appears that the invasive R. pseudoacacia created structurally more heterogeneous environment and more Lepidopteran open-forest guilds were associated with this habitat. However, further spread of R. pseudoacacia should be prevented because it reduces the species richness of Lepidoptera. Simultaneously, we recommend increasing the habitat heterogeneity of native forests to support functionally more diverse Lepidopteran communities.

Automatic Prototype Design Based on Pir Sensor and Microcontroller Arduino Uno

The use of electronic devices cannot be separated from the electricity usage. Meanwhile, the continuously device use willimpact on the electricity cost incurred to the users. An electricity price is increasing steadily, particularly in Aceh province, while the power base is still insufficient. A Light bulb for the lighting purposes in one of the electricity devices used in households, offices and other institutions. Switching on the bulb for unoccupied room is not rare to happen, which lead to the inefficiency usage of electricity. An automatic control device which incorporates the sensor technology is needed to address the issue. This automatic sensor deviceuses a passive infra red sensor and microcontroller Arduino Uno. Implementing this sensor system, the incurred electricity cost to the customers can be reduced. This technology can be used in households, offices and other institutions. Keywords : Prototype Automatic light , Microcontroller Arduino Uno , Infra Red Sensor

Hybrid Sensor Network-Based Indoor Surveillance System for Intrusion Detection

This paper presents a novel hybrid sensor-based intrusion detection system for low-power surveillance in an empty, sealed indoor space with or without illumination. The proposed system includes three functional steps: (i) initial detection of an intrusion event using a sound field sensor; (ii) automatic lighting control based on the detected event, and (iii) detection and tracking the intruder using an image sensor. The proposed hybrid sensor-based surveillance system uses a sound field sensor to detect an abnormal event in a very low-light or completely dark environment for 24 h a day to reduce the power consumption. After detecting the intrusion by the sound sensor, a collaborative image sensor takes over an accurate detection and tracking tasks. The proposed hybrid system can be applied to various surveillance environments such as an office room after work, empty automobile, safety room in a bank, and armory room. This paper deals with fusion of computer-aided pattern recognition and physics-based sound field analysis that reflects the symmetric aspect of computer vision and physical analysis

Design of Water Balance Water System in Plant Based Sensor Moisture and Microcontroller Arduino Uno

The balance in the plant maintenance is one of the main things that must be taken into account. The balance in maintenance is how to keep the plants adequate nutritional well water, fertilizer and other maintenance fields. Water is a major component to be considered. Without water, the plants will wither and die. Keeping the water in the soil sufficient means one should always monitor the soil moisture from drying or no excess water. To maintain and monitor the soil moisture was always a farmer must always maintain the plant to produce optimal plant. The level of mobility is also greater if farmers have to control the plant, especially relating to water balance in plants. Then needed a tool to maintain the water balance in plants by looking at soil moisture conditions as if the dry soil moisture and water will automatically watering plants, and vice versa if the water moisture in wet conditions then no watering Keywords : Prototype Automatic light , Microcontroller Arduino Uno , Infra Red Sensor

An Enhancement of Lighting System Energy Efficiency Using an Automatic Light Dimming Control

An Enhancement of Lighting System Energy Efficiency Using an Automatic Light Dimming Control