Abstract
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), created for enhancing the driving experience and actively preventing road crashes, have been progressively incorporated in vehicle designing essentially during the last decade. However, the literature has shown how some of these assisting technologies are not used by drivers in tandem with their potential. The aims of this study were, first, to examine the availability and demand of ADAS technologies among Spanish drivers and, secondly, to explore the perceived constraints and discouraging reasons for avoiding the use of ADAS available in their vehicles. For this national cross-sectional study, data from 1,207 Spanish drivers were analyzed. The results of this study show that, on one hand, GPS navigation, rain sensors and automatic lighting are the most frequently used ADAS features in Spain and, on the other, that gestural control, E-call and post-collision emergency braking are the less demanded. Also, there are age and gender-based differences in the valuation of certain ADAS features. Further, low perceived value, lack of confidence and potential distractibility constitute the main constraints perceived by drivers to actively use these assisting technologies while driving. In this regard, and jointly with a progressive vehicle automatization, a deeper emphasis on driver training, safety and efficiency-related benefits of ADAS technologies may strengthen its acceptance and progressive inclusion in everyday driving.
Highlights
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) can be understood as electronic systems intended to enhance humanmachine interaction and increase both vehicle and overall road safety, by means of aiding people while driving
The less available ADAS features in the vehicles used by Spanish drivers were: automatic door opening-via smartphone (5.1%), collision warning for pedestrians and cyclists (5.7%), proactive occupant protection systems and lane keep assistant, and gesture control (8.7%)
Based on the information provided by 1,027 Spanish drivers taking part in this research, and bearing in mind the aims of the study, this paper examined, first, the availability and demand of ADAS’ assisting features among Spanish drivers and, secondly, the perceived constraints and discouraging reasons for avoiding the use of available assisting tools in their vehicles
Summary
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) can be understood as electronic systems intended to enhance humanmachine interaction and increase both vehicle and overall road safety, by means of aiding people while driving. The recent evidence has demonstrated that, even when these features may be already integrated to their vehicles, only a limited percentage of drivers might be properly informed about the functioning, usefulness and actual potential of ADAS for road safety [7], [8] In this regard, some studies [9]–[14] have identified several latent barriers for ADAS and other automated features, that may be limiting their potentiality and functionality among drivers [15], including: a relative disinterest from drivers for ADAS intervention during risky driving [9], the interference of ADAS in the skill development of novice drivers [9]–[11], the often low driver’ trust on assisting features [12], [13] and the potential lack of proper understanding and using of ADAS in particular age-based groups, such as elderly drivers [7], [14].
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