Attitude Orientation Research Articles

Individual Semantics Building for HFLTS Possibility Distribution With Applications in Domain-Specific Collaborative Decision Making

Collaborative decision making (CDM) with linguistic computational techniques has recently achieved significant advancements. Due to the widespread use of sophisticated linguistic constructions, such as generalized comparative linguistic expressions (GCLEs), additional information associated with subjective appraisals has been exploited with the aim of addressing accuracy improvements in multifarious CDM, given that partial information loss is almost inevitable while dealing with complex linguistic comprehension. This paper brings an innovative perspective into CDM from COmponent ANalysis with GCLEs (COANG) to formalize problems involved in making optimal choices, mainly in CDM problems with participants who are usually characterized by domain specificity. Consequently, the focus of this paper is on the domain-specific CDM (DSCDM) in which individual semantics should be built predominantly to model various implications of their decision appraisals with heterogeneity in the knowledgeable domain for the effort of computational reinforcements. The attitude orientation and strength are crucial decompositions to incorporate COANG into DSCDM to establish an elastic paradigm that puts forward individual perception comprehension ahead of exerting collective efforts. The DSCDM based on COANG model enables agents to turn complex challenges of sophisticated linguistic constructions into substantial opportunities by translating them into customized individual semantics (CIS), and CIS into useful insights for making better decisions and improving results. The potential advantages of the proposed COANG-based DSCDM framework are validated with a clinical psychological practice related to the severity assessment of symptoms of schizophrenia.

Medical ethics in a resource-constrained context: A cross-sectional study of awareness, attitude, practice, violations of its principles, and ethical dilemmas experienced by medical professionals in Abia State, Nigeria

BACKGROUND: Ethics of medical care are global health concerns. It is universally acknowledged that medical practice should be guided by ethical principles which serve as yardsticks for regulation of professional conduct and discipline. AIM: The study was aimed at describing the awareness, attitude, practice, violations of ethical principles, and ethical dilemmas experienced by medical professionals in Abia State, Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive study was carried out on a cross-section of 210 medical practitioners in Abia State, Nigeria. Data were collected using pretested, self-administered questionnaire that elicited information on awareness, attitude, practice, violations of ethical principles, and ethical dilemmas. Attitude and practice of principles of medical ethic (ME) were assessed in the previous 1 year. Violations and ethical dilemmas were assessed over lifetime practice as a medical doctor. RESULTS: The age of the participants ranged from 26 to 77 years. There were 173 (82.4%) males and 37 (17.6%) females. The participants were most commonly aware of principles of autonomy (100%) and nonmaleficence (100%), while the least was justice (91.9%). The positive attitude to principles of ME was predominantly oriented toward autonomy (92.4%) and the least was justice (76.2%). The most adequately practiced principle was autonomy (78.1%) and the least was justice (71.4%). The most violated ethical principle was autonomy while the most common ethical dilemma was issues related to rights of patients. The attitude (P = 0.042) and practice (P = 0.034) of principle of autonomy were significantly associated with >10 years of medical practice. CONCLUSION: Awareness of principles of ME was very high but did not translate to appropriate positive attitude and adequate practice orientations. The most violated principle was patients' autonomy and most common ethical dilemma was issues related to the rights of the patients.

Students’ Worldview Attitude and Education Content Orientation

<p>The idea of students’ worldview attitude application when forming educational content is proved in the article on the basis of scientific literature. In particular, it is claimed that any natural phenomenon can be comprehended, apparently, two-fold: either through its comparison to other beings or the phenomena, or through disclosure of its own unique nature. For example, studying the person "from the outside", assumes interpretation of the relations good fortune, the nature (space), society (culture), the law and other people. Approach to the secret of the person is accompanied by comprehension of his corporal, emotional, moral, spiritual and social life "from within". In many respects it depends on what methodology will be chosen by the researcher, and, the choice of methodology is connected with worldview attitude of the personality. In the publication definition of worldview attitude is given; briefly the essence of such worldviews as teocentrism, logocentrism, cosmocentrism, sociocentrism, anthropocentrism are revealed, as well as results of pilot study from students’ worldview attitude of higher education institution are presented. The obtained data demonstrate that in student's audience there are young people, with various worldview attitudes that can be used by the teacher in selecting subject content. The variety of approaches and views of natural and social processes and the phenomena allow forming an overall picture of the world in students of higher education institutions.</p>

Constrained optimal multi-phase lunar landing trajectory with minimum fuel consumption

A Legendre pseudo spectral philosophy based multi-phase constrained fuel-optimal trajectory design approach is presented in this paper. The objective here is to find an optimal approach to successfully guide a lunar lander from perilune (18km altitude) of a transfer orbit to a height of 100m over a specific landing site. After attaining 100m altitude, there is a mission critical re-targeting phase, which has very different objective (but is not critical for fuel optimization) and hence is not considered in this paper. The proposed approach takes into account various mission constraints in different phases from perilune to the landing site. These constraints include phase-1 (‘braking with rough navigation’) from 18km altitude to 7km altitude where navigation accuracy is poor, phase-2 (‘attitude hold’) to hold the lander attitude for 35sec for vision camera processing for obtaining navigation error, and phase-3 (‘braking with precise navigation’) from end of phase-2 to 100m altitude over the landing site, where navigation accuracy is good (due to vision camera navigation inputs). At the end of phase-1, there are constraints on position and attitude. In Phase-2, the attitude must be held throughout. At the end of phase-3, the constraints include accuracy in position, velocity as well as attitude orientation. The proposed optimal trajectory technique satisfies the mission constraints in each phase and provides an overall fuel-minimizing guidance command history.

The influence of the dark triad on the relationship between entrepreneurial attitude orientation and entrepreneurial intention: A study among students in Taiwan University

Abstract Entrepreneurial attitude orientation refers to an individual's attitude to start a new venture, such as innovativeness, risk-taking, need for achievement, self-confidence, and locus of control. These elements are known to predict entrepreneurial intention. While prior research about the influence of personality primary focus on the positive aspects, recently, the dark triad, a set of personality characteristics that includes Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy, has been found to predict personal and organizational achievement. Considering the new generation of entrepreneurs are more likely to be self-reliant and loyal toward themselves, it is proposed that the dark triad can mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial attitude orientation and entrepreneurial intention. Structural equation modeling is used to examine the hypotheses based on a sample of 295 college students in Taiwan. In addition to a significant positive relationship between entrepreneurial attitude orientation and entrepreneurial intention, the influence of the dark triad as a mediator was also found. Results suggest individuals high on the dark triad are more intended to engage in entrepreneurial activity, which advance our knowledge of the entrepreneurial decision-making process. Theoretical and applied implications are discussed.

Assessment of Entrepreneurial Inclination among the Seaweed Operator at Semporna, Sabah Using EAO Model

Seaweed cultivation is an export-oriented aquaculture subsector that is rapidly spreading specifically in South East Asia. Recently, almost all segments of seaweed industry are still facing many obstacles, especially at the level of small-scale farmers’ management in the production and processing industry. The most obvious issue is linked to the development of seaweed operators. The main objective of this study is to assess the seaweed operators’ attitude towards the entrepreneurial inclination. The survey was conducted among the seaweed operators in Semporna based on entrepreneurial attitude orientation (EAO) questionnaire. The result shows that the adjusted R square (Adj. R2 ) value is equivalent to 0.301. This indicates that 30.1 per cent of the entrepreneurial intention were explained by the four entrepreneurial attitude subscales; achievement, innovation, personal control and self-esteem. The result exhibits that the achievement, innovation and personal control were statistically significant at 95 per cent confidence interval. Self-esteem shows no significant relationship and thus signifies subscale as did not contribute much to the regression. The EAO factors contributes little to the regression of the entrepreneurial inclination, which indicates that the other factor such as socioeconomic inputs such as skills, knowledge, extension agent, gender and financial roles might include in the future study.

Effects of Teaching Gardening on Science Students' Attitudes Towards Entrepreneurial Skills Acquisition

This study investigated the effects of teaching gardening on science students' attitudes towards entrepreneurial skills acquisition in Jos South, Plateau State, Nigeria. The study employed the non-randomized pre-test-post-test non-equivalent control group design. A sample of 75 senior secondary school students from two intact classes, randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=38) and a control group (n=37) was used for the study. An Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation Scale was used to collect data for analysis. The findings indicated that the experimental group exposed to gardening activities showed positive attitudes towards acquiring entrepreneurial skills unlike the control group. However, gender was found not to be a significant factor in students' attitudes towards entrepreneurial skills acquisition. It was concluded that teaching gardening has a significant effect on students' attitudes towards entrepreneurial skills acquisition. It is recommended that students should be taught gardening to enhance their attitudes towards entrepreneurial skills acquisition for self-reliance, among others.

Patients' rights in an underserved Nigerian environment: A cross-sectional study of attitude and practice orientation of medical professionals in Abia State

BACKGROUND: Globally, medical care have an age long history, but the rights of patients are more recent and occupy front burner in the quality of care metrics and medical jurisprudence and are on the rise, particularly in emerging and developing economies. AIM: The study was aimed at describing the attitude and practice of patients' rights among medical professionals in Abia State, Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive study was carried out on a cross-section of 185 medical practitioners in Abia State, Nigeria. Data collection was done using pretested, self-administered questionnaire that elicits information on awareness, attitude, and practice of basic patients' rights. Each item of attitude and practice of patients' rights was scored on a five-point Likert scale ordinal responses of all-times, most-times, sometimes, rarely, and none. Attitude and practice of patient's rights were assessed in the previous 1 year. RESULTS: The age of the participants ranged from 28 to 71 years. There were 166 males and 19 females. All the participants were aware of the patient's rights. The overall positive attitude to patients' rights was 87.3% with the most common positive attitudinal orientation being right to confidentiality (100.0%), and the least was right to know the identity/professional status of the physician (52.4%). The overall practice of patient rights was 85.8% with the most commonly practiced being right to confidentiality (100.0%) and the least was right to know the identity/professional status of the physician (51.4%). Attitude (P = 0.037) and practice (P = 0.048) of the right to know the identity/professional status of the physician were significantly associated with >10 years of medical practice. CONCLUSION: The level of awareness of patient's rights was very high but did not translate to comparative overall positive attitude and practice orientation. Patient rights should be the focus of intensive continuing medical education and professional development in addition to greater administrative and governmental support, especially in developing economies where there are limited options to safeguard patients' rights.

Strategic Thinking Capability and Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation: Links and Relations

This paper examines the links and type of relations between strategic thinking capability and entrepreneurial attitude orientation. Entrepreneurial attitude orientation consists of innovation, personal control, self-esteem and achievement. Strategic thinking capability refers to the ability to use: reframing, reflecting, and system thinking. We start from the idea that strategic thinking capability largely influences entrepreneurial attitude orientation. The aim of the study is to show that by improving the strategic thinking process it is possible to improve the entrepreneurial attitude orientation and therefore improve the level of entrepreneurial activity in general. Assuming that strategic thinking capability depends not only on innate individual characteristics, but also on acquired knowledge and competencies, it seems that entrepreneurial orientation could be improved through an appropriate selection of education and training programs. The study sample comprised five important industries in the Republic of Croatia (n=286). The results demonstrate that strategic thinking capability explains 14% of the variances in entrepreneurial attitude orientation. The three strategic thinking capability dimensions were significantly related to attitudes regarding achievement and change and personal control. However, one dimension, system thinking, seems to explain the largest part of the variance. We concluded that strategic thinking capability and entrepreneurial attitude orientation are not just linked but rather interrelated in a variety of ways. This finding is important for the entrepreneurial development since attitudes appear to be responsive to education and training policies. Hence, an emphasis on improving strategic thinking capability could lead to stronger entrepreneurial attitude orientation.

Robust Approach for Recovery of Rigorous Sensor Model Using Rational Function Model

The replacement of the rational function model (RFM) by the rigorous sensor model (RSM) has been studied extensively and verified with many types of sensors and remote-sensing applications. However, relatively less research has been conducted on recovering RSM from RFM, and the few relating techniques can only be applied in specific circumstances. This paper proposes a novel linear method to obtain the position, attitude, and interior orientation (IO) elements of satellites based on the orientation information of the rays implied by the RFM. Instead of resection, forward intersection is used to solve for position, and an equivalent body coordinate system is introduced to overcome the strong correlation between the attitude and IO. The orientation information of the rays implied by the RFM is used to calculate the IO pixel by pixel. Experiments using the Ziyuan 3 panchromatic nadir sensor show that this method can recover the exterior orientation and IO elements effectively.

Predicting entrepreneurial intentions of freshmen students from EAO modeling and personal background

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of personal background and entrepreneurial attitudes on entrepreneurial intentions of Saudi Freshmen students of Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University. After reviewing the literature and related theories on entrepreneurship, attitudes and intentions, this study provides a conceptual framework trying to identify the effects of most influential factors on individual’s intention to become an entrepreneur. Design/methodology/approach Through a survey study developed from previous empirical studies, the paper aims to investigate the significant elements of intentions from a sample of 103 students randomly selected. This study is both descriptive and analytical using correlations and multiple regressions. Findings The findings show that significant correlations among variables were found. The achievement and innovation attitudes are significant elements to entrepreneurial intentions. Students scored quite high on them, but, moderate on personal control and self-esteem attitudes. Students might have a real intention for starting their own businesses later that could be sustained during their studies at university. Additionally, entrepreneurs among relatives and entrepreneurship training were also the other significant elements to intentions. Research Limitations/implications Implications for future research are described and some pragmatic recommendations are provided to promote students’ entrepreneurial initiatives and behaviors at university. Social Implications The exploratory analysis suggests the need to develop more the awareness of students to entrepreneurship as potential career choice to help them to be active in the society. Originality/value In this paper, the Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation model is validated for a Saudi university considered as a specific context. Broader reflections about a freshman student entrepreneurship as refocused research agenda is also considered by undertaking some new research and developing a comprehensive and contextual framework.

Changes to commute mode: The role of life events, spatial context and environmental attitude

It has been suggested that commuting behaviours become habitual and that changes to commute mode are more likely at the time of major life events. However, evidence to support this has so far been limited to analyses of small-scale samples. To address this evidence gap, we use two waves of panel data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2009/10 and 2010/11) to identify and explain the prevalence of individual change in commute mode from year to year amongst a representative sample of the English working population (n=15,200). One third of those that cycle or get the bus to work, and one quarter of those that walk to work, are shown to change commuting mode by the following year. Car commuting is more stable, with only one in ten car commuters changing mode by the following year. Commute mode changes are found to be primarily driven by alterations to the distance to work which occur in association with changing job or moving home. Switching to non-car commuting becomes much more likely (9.2 times) as the distance to work drops below three miles. High quality public transport links to employment centres are shown to encourage switches away from car commuting and mixed land uses are shown to encourage switches to active commuting (walking and cycling). Switches away from car commuting are found to be more likely (1.3 times) for those with a pro-environmental attitude. The attitude orientation is shown to precede the behaviour change, demonstrating evidence of ‘cause and effect’. Overall, the study shows that changes in commuting behaviour are strongly influenced by life events, spatial context and environmental attitude.

Relationship between Entrepreneurial Skills, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and Information Technology to Entrepreneurship Intention: Cases in Indonesia

In Indonesia, a big and fast developing country in South-East Asia, entrepreneurship now have a good momentum to attract many young people to be an entrepreneur after they graduates. Research problem is to test whether self-efficacy, entrepreneurial attitude orientation, and the impact of information technology has a positive and significant effect on the interest of students to become entrepreneurs after they graduate later. With survey research design and multiple regression statistical methods, research result show that self-efficacy doesn’t influence entrepreneurship intention, but two others independent variables, i.e. entrepreneurship orientation and information technology, do influence entrepreneurship intention.

Female aspirant human resources’ entrepreneurial orientation

Purpose– The main purpose of the study was to assess the entrepreneurial orientation based on personality and attitude of female aspirant human resources in India.Design/methodology/approach– For collecting primary data, the scale on entrepreneurial attitude orientation developed by Robinsonet al.(1991) was used. Statistical tools such as correlations, analysis of variance, means, grand means, standard deviations and percentages were used for the analysis of the primary data gathered from 500 female respondents.Findings– The results showed the highest score of the female respondents on the achievement motivation as compared to other three personality descriptors and lowest but positive score on the self-esteem dimension. Among attitude components, the cognition had emerged as highest. MBAs showed comparatively less entrepreneurial orientation than other categories of female aspirants. Results indicated that lower age, lower educational qualifications and high socioeconomic status supported the entrepreneurship.Research limitations/implications– The study was limited to only four personality traits and three attitude components. Another limitation of the study was that the data were collected from North India that could have been collected from the wider area.Practical implications– The study will be helpful to the female aspirant participants to decide whether to choose managerial or entrepreneurial careers. By taking cues from this study, educators can build curriculum and develop programs to encourage and empower future female entrepreneurs.Originality/value– Inclusion of Indian female aspirants of different backgrounds will definitely add value to the existing knowledge, management theory and practice.

Entrepreneurial attitude orientation and employability: mediating role of entrepreneurial personality

Business organisations have raised concerns about employability of applicants at entry and middle levels in the organisations. Fugate and his associates in 2004 explained employability as a personal construct, while another author has focused on portable skills that executives carry when they change organisations. Similarly, entrepreneurial attitude orientation (EAO) and entrepreneurial personality (EP) of employees are important constructs for success of any business entity. These three constructs are of importance in today's context. EAO helps in determining risk-taking and opportunity recognition, while personality disposition is measured through need for achievement, extroversion and locus of control. The present study was conducted to understand the relationship between employability skills, EAO and EP attributes of respondents at the entry level. The authors found that the EAO positively contributes to employability. This relationship is further mediated by the entrepreneurial personality. The paper highlights the implications for practice and future research.

Application of partial least square in predicting e-entrepreneurial intention among business students: evidence from Pakistan

Statistics have shown that the market is oversupplied with young and inexperienced graduates as the number of graduates has been increasing over the years. At the same time, the youth’s intention toward internet due to growing funds which assist web advancement in Pakistan has steadily increased. Hence, to solve the unemployment issue among business students, there is a potential to make this self-employment an option for graduates to start on their careers. The entrepreneurial attitude orientation (EAO) scale was used to measure the students’ e-entrepreneurial attitudes with mediating role of self-efficacy between creativity and e-entrepreneurial intention. A survey approach was adopted by sending questionnaires to 2420 students of public and private universities. Results show that personal control, self-esteem, and creativity with mediating role of self-efficacy were found to have significant and positive relationships with online self-employment intention. Meanwhile, achievement was found to have no significant relationship with online self-employment intention. These findings provide important insight to promote and produce a positive image of e-entrepreneurship as a career. Furthermore, the results show that the effect creativity or innovativeness is mediated by entrepreneurial self-efficacy. The results of the study provide educators, administrators, and policy makers inside and outside universities valuable insights with respect to e-entrepreneurship education. It may serve students better by increasing its focus on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and need for achievement.

An experimental analysis of risk and entrepreneurial attitudes of university students in the USA and Brazil

There is a long-standing debate about whether entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs differ in risk aversion levels. The paper addresses international differences in risk and entrepreneurial attitudes of university students, specifically in the USA and Brazil. This paper also aims to add to the ongoing debate surrounding the risk attitudes of entrepreneurial persons when compared to non-entrepreneurial persons. The data from the paper was generated from an economic experiment. The economic experiment included a sample of students from both the USA and Brazil. Subjects completed a shortened version of the Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation (EAO) and then participated in an investment game. Subjects in the USA were found to be more entrepreneurial than the sample in Brazil. This held true for two separate definitions of entrepreneurial. There was no difference in the investment decisions between subjects from the two countries. Also, entrepreneurial subjects invested a higher percentage of their money in a risky asset. This is one of the first papers to present results from an internationally conducted economic experiment testing for differences in risk aversion levels between entrepreneurial and non-entrepreneurial individuals.

Adaptive fuzzy fault-tolerant control for rigid spacecraft attitude maneuver with finite-time convergence

To solve the rigid spacecraft attitude maneuver problem, an adaptive fuzzy fault-tolerant sliding mode controller is designed. The controller is based on the terminal sliding mode scheme. The adaptive learning algorithm and the fuzzy logic system are designed to estimate the attitude tracking dynamics. The stability of the controller is proved by Lyapunov method. Finite-time convergence of spacecraft attitude orientation to the neighborhood of the equilibrium point is obtained. Finally, a numerical simulation is employed to illustrate the advantages of the proposed controller. Simulation results confirm that the designed controller yields high control precision and great fault-tolerant capability.

Toward A Hypothesis Connecting Leadership And Entrepreneurship

This article makes a strong case for attempting to connect the measurement of leadership skills and entrepreneurial orientation using the Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) as a measurement instrument. There are other tools available such as the Entrepreneurial Quotient (EQ), the Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation (EAO), and the Herrmann Brain Dominance Instrument (HBDI) (Huefner, Hunt, & Robinson, 1996). While each of these instruments has promise and should be further evaluated, at this stage the MBTI appears to have the greatest utility for future planned research.

Integrated GNSS Attitude Determination and Positioning for Direct Geo-Referencing

Direct geo-referencing is an efficient methodology for the fast acquisition of 3D spatial data. It requires the fusion of spatial data acquisition sensors with navigation sensors, such as Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers. In this contribution, we consider an integrated GNSS navigation system to provide estimates of the position and attitude (orientation) of a 3D laser scanner. The proposed multi-sensor system (MSS) consists of multiple GNSS antennas rigidly mounted on the frame of a rotating laser scanner and a reference GNSS station with known coordinates. Precise GNSS navigation requires the resolution of the carrier phase ambiguities. The proposed method uses the multivariate constrained integer least-squares (MC-LAMBDA) method for the estimation of rotating frame ambiguities and attitude angles. MC-LAMBDA makes use of the known antenna geometry to strengthen the underlying attitude model and, hence, to enhance the reliability of rotating frame ambiguity resolution and attitude determination. The reliable estimation of rotating frame ambiguities is consequently utilized to enhance the relative positioning of the rotating frame with respect to the reference station. This integrated (array-aided) method improves ambiguity resolution, as well as positioning accuracy between the rotating frame and the reference station. Numerical analyses of GNSS data from a real-data campaign confirm the improved performance of the proposed method over the existing method. In particular, the integrated method yields reliable ambiguity resolution and reduces position standard deviation by a factor of about 0.8, matching the theoretical gain of for two antennas on the rotating frame and a single antenna at the reference station.