Athletic Movements Research Articles

The Relationship between Landing Error Scoring System Performance and Injury in Female Collegiate Athletes.

BackgroundThe Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) is a standardized tool used to identify aberrant biomechanical movement patterns during a jump-landing task. Prior authors have examined the value of the LESS in identifying ACL injury risk in athletic populations. Yet, no study has evaluated the association between LESS performance and incidence of any type of lower extremity injury in female collegiate athletes across multiple sports.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the association between LESS performance as measured with a markerless motion-capture system and lower extremity injury in female collegiate athletes.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsOne hundred and ten DI female collegiate athletes (basketball, n=12; field hockey, n=17; gymnastics, n=14; lacrosse, n=27; softball, n=23; volleyball, n=17) completed a jump-landing test prior to the start of their sport seasons. The LESS was automatically scored using a Microsoft Kinect sensor and Athletic Movement Assessment software (PhysiMax®). Participants were tracked throughout one competitive season for incidence of time-loss lower extremity injury. A Receiver Operating Characteristic curve determined the optimal cutpoint for the total LESS score for predicting injury. Pearson’s Chi squared statistics examined the association between injury and LESS total scores >5. The Fisher exact test evaluated group differences for the frequency of receiving an error on individual LESS test items.ResultsFemale collegiate athletes with LESS scores >5 were not more likely to be injured than those with scores ≤5 (χ2=2.53, p=0.111). The relative risk of injury to this group was 1.78 (95% CI=0.86, 3.68) while the odds ratio was 2.10 (95% CI=0.83, 5.27). The uninjured group was more likely to receive an error on lateral trunk flexion at initial contact than the injured group (p=0.023).ConclusionThe LESS total score was not associated with an increased odds of lower extremity injury in this cohort of female collegiate athletes. Future studies to examine the association between individual LESS item scores and injury are warranted.Level of Evidence1b.

The Youth Throwers Ten Exercise Program: A variation of an exercise series for enhanced dynamic shoulder control in the youth overhead throwing athlete.

The overhead throwing motion is an extremely stressful athletic movement. The high velocity and repetitive nature of this activity places immense pressure on the entire body, which can frequently result in injury to the throwing arm. Extensive literature exists with regards to the management of these injuries in the collegiate and professional level athlete; and it is well understood that a multiphasic approach is required to return an individual to prior level of play. However, there is a gap in the literature which fails to address the management of youth individuals. This article presents a new and innovative approach to the rehabilitation, training and management of the youth overhead throwing athlete, The Youth Throwers Ten Exercise Program. This program addresses principles of: coactivation, coordination, dynamic stabilization, neuromuscular control, proprioception, muscle strength, endurance and scapular rhythm all of which are vital for successful performance. This exercise series utilizes bodyweight and Theraband exercises that cater to the unique characteristics of the youth athlete making it a safe way to prepare for the demands of overhead throwing activities.

Intelligent Recognition Method of Athlete Wrong Movement Based on Image Vision

Current methods of human body movement recognition neglect the depth denoising and edge restoration of movement image, which leads to great error in athletes’ wrong movement recognition and poor application intelligence. Therefore, an intelligent recognition method based on image vision for sports athletes’ wrong actions is proposed. The basic principle, structure, and 3D application of computer image vision technology are defined. Capturing the human body image and point cloud data, the three-dimensional dynamic model of sports athletes action is constructed. The color camera including CCD sensor and CMOS sensor is selected to collect the wrong movement image of athlete and provide image data for the recognition of wrong movement. Wavelet transform coefficient and quantization matrix threshold are introduced to denoise the wrong motion images of athletes. Based on this, the feature of sports athlete’s motion contour image is extracted in spatial frequency domain, and the edge of the image is further recovered by Canny operator. Experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately identify the wrong movements of athletes, and there is no redundancy in the recognition results. Image denoising effect is good and less time-consuming and can provide a reliable basis for related fields.

Study on the Effect of Stability of Athletes’ Technical Movements on the Performance of Crossbow Shooting in Crossbow Shooting Competitions

As a competitive sport with minority characteristics, crossbow shooting has a long history of development in China’s minority regions. Research and analysis of the stability of the technical movements of athletes in crossbow shooting competition on the crossbow shooting competition performance research, for the analysis of minority crossbow shooting techniques, to promote the dissemination of minority crossbow shooting techniques have important positive reference significance. The article analyzes the influence of the stability of athletes’ technical movements on their performance in crossbow shooting competitions through mathematical and statistical methods, etc. It is intended to provide a reference for promoting the technical development of crossbow shooting movements and improving the performance of crossbow shooting athletes in competition.

Neuropsychological functions of nonverbal hand movements and gestures during sports

ABSTRACT Emotional body-distant gestures are a prominent feature of winning athletes. Because negative emotions have been associated to increased self-touch behaviour, we investigated the hypothesis that athletes change from a more body-distant nonverbal hand movement behaviour when winning to a body-focused behaviour when losing. Nonverbal hand movements of professional right-handed tennis athletes were video-taped during competition and analyzed by certified raters using the NEUROpsychological GESture(NEUROGES)System. The results showed that losing athletes increase their irregular, on body, and phasic on body hand movements, particularly with the left hand. Emotion / attitude rise gestures with the right hand characterised winning athletes. The data suggest that the nonverbal hand movements of athletes serve different neuropsychological functions. Winners nonverbally express their positive feelings by body-distant gestures but change towards their own body to regulate stress when losing. Highlights Irregular, on body, and phasic on body hand movements serve self-regulation when losing during competition Athletes express positive emotions by emotion / attitude rise gestures Nonverbal expression of emotions underlie hemispherically lateralised processes

The Impact of the Physical Education Lesson on the Proficiency of Athletic Movements Drawing for Students of the Fifth Primary Grade In the Center of Babylon Governorate 2018

The current research aims to identify the impact of the physical education lesson on the proficiency of the drawing of athletic movements by students, the study was carried out in the center of Babylon governorate after the selection of 4 primary schools for boys, the experimental design with the post-test was used, and the partial control of two equal groups (experimental) ,and a tool was designed to analyze the students’ drawings by the content analysis method and giving recurrences for each prominent characteristic in the drawing. The students (the research sample) were randomly distributed among two groups, an experimental and a control group, each group consisting of (10 students) in each school and a total of (40 students). ) They represent the research community as a whole, and the experiment was applied in the first semester of the academic year (2018-2019). The researcher divided the (10 students) from each school into two groups; control and experimental groups, and each group consisted of (5 students). The students of the control experimental group were instructed to draw athletic movements after the experimental group practiced a physical education lesson to show the extent of the impact of the physical education lesson on the drawing proficiency. The research aims to: - identify the impact of the physical education lesson on the proficiency of athletic movements drawing.

Assessing Athletic Motor Skill Competencies in Youths: A Narrative Review of Movement Competency Screens

ABSTRACT Leading health organizations and long-term athletic development models have identified the need to develop movement competencies in children and adolescents. The athletic motor skill competencies (AMSCs) have been identified as key skills that form the foundations of all athletic movements. The AMSCs form an integral part of the long-term athletic development of youth, and improving these qualities should be central to coaches working with young individuals. Multiple movement competency screens assess some aspects of the AMSC spectrum, but there is no consensus regarding which screens may be most appropriate for a given cohort or coaching environment. This review provides an evaluation of the movement screens available to assess various AMSCs and in turn considers their reliability, feasibility, strengths, and weaknesses when used with youth populations.

Development of Athletic Instructional Learning Media Based on Android Studio and Adobe Animete Applications in 2020

This research is motivated by the lack of interesting learning media innovations that exist for learning PJOK, especially athletics and the difficulty of some students in understanding the basic athletic movements taught in schools because of the lack of student interest in learning PJOK, especially athletics when in class or learning theory. This study aims to develop an Athletic Smart Apps application with athletic materials, especially the shooting and javelin throwing branches based on Android Studio and Adobe Animate for VII grade junior high school students. This research is a about development research or Research and Development which uses the Borg and Gall development model. The research and development stages consist of: (1) Research on existing products, (2) literature studies and field studies, (3) planning to make product designs. (4) Internal testing of designs, (5) Revising designs, (6) Making products, (7) Conducting limited trials, (8) Conducting product revisions 1, (9) Conducting main field trials, (10) Conducting product revision 2. Validation is carried out by material experts and media experts. The media developed was tested on 35 students of class VII-A SMP N3 Huraba Mandailing Natal. The results of this research were obtained: 1. The creation of an application product for the development of an athletic instructional instructional media application based on Android Studio and Adobe Animate for grade VII students of SMP N3; 2. Feasibility has been well tested in terms of material, media and usability factors with the category "Very Appropriate" at each testing stage. The results of the expert validation test: 1. The material expert validation value is 4.25, which is in the range> 4.0 so that it is included in the "Very Appropriate" category; 2. The validation value of Media Experts is 4.70 in the range> 4.0 so it is included in the "Very Appropriate" category. The usability factor feasibility test results of 6.24 are in the range> 5.5 so that it is included in the "Very Feasible" category. Thus, athletic learning media with android studio and adobe animate-based applications are suitable for use as learning media for PJOK athletic sports, especially for grade VII junior high school students.

Clinical Estimation of the Use of the Hip and Knee Extensors During Athletic Movements Using 2D Video.

Given that increased use of the knee extensors relative to the hip extensors may contribute to various knee injuries, there is a need for a practical method to characterize movement behavior indicative of how individuals utilize the hip and knee extensors during dynamic tasks. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether the difference between sagittal plane trunk and tibia orientations obtained from 2D video (2D trunk-tibia) could be used to predict the average hip/knee extensor moment ratio during athletic movements. Thirty-nine healthy athletes (15 males and 24 females) performed 6 tasks (step down, drop jump, lateral shuffle, deceleration, triple hop, and side-step-cut). Lower-extremity kinetics (3D) and sagittal plane video (2D) were collected simultaneously. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine if the 2D trunk-tibia angle at peak knee flexion predicted the average hip/knee extensor moment ratio during the deceleration phase of each task. For each task, an increase in the 2D trunk-tibia angle predicted an increase in the average hip/knee extensor moment ratio when adjusted for body mass (all P < .013, R2 = .17-.77). The 2D trunk-tibia angle represents a practical method to characterize movement behavior that is indicative of how individuals utilize the hip and knee extensors during dynamic tasks.

FMS 기반의 컨디셔닝 조절 트레이닝이 움직임 기능 및 체력요소에 미치는 효과

The purpose of study was to present effective and composite conditioning training method to exercise leaders and athletes by predicting the sports injuries in advance through functional physical movement and identifying changes in Functional Movement Screen(FMS) scores and exercise functional fitness(balance, back strength, whole body reaction time, bridge-up test, spike speed, sargent jump test) after 12 weeks’ conditioning training programs. The subjects were 14 elite athletes in MJ University in Gyeonggi-do province. The conditioning training programs were carried into effect for 12 weeks and twice per week. The program was consist of 4 weeks’ control period and 12 weeks’ intervention conditioning program period.<BR>The functional exercise training program based on flexibility and balance skill was performed from first week to 4th week. In the 5th to 8th weeks, basic physical fitness exercise concentrating on the core and resistance exercise were performed. From the 9th week to 12th week functional fitness exercise was performed. Of the seven tests in Functional Movement Scores, six functional movement tests scores excluding shoulder mobility showed significant changes, and only left side stork stand in the case of exercise functional fitness was a significant change.<BR>In conclusion, the composite conditioning training programs might be effective in reducing the risk factors of sports injuries during exercise training or sports competition by improving the functional movements of the elite athletes.

Evaluating the validity and reliability of inertial measurement units for determining knee and trunk kinematics during athletic landing and cutting movements

Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) are promising alternatives to laboratory-based motion capture methods in biomechanical assessment of athletic movements. The aim of this study was to investigate the validity of an IMU system for determining knee and trunk kinematics during landing and cutting tasks for clinical and research applications in sporting populations. Twenty-seven participants performed five cutting and landing tasks while being recorded using a gold-standard optoelectronic motion capture system and an IMU system. Intra-class coefficients, Pearson’s r, root-mean-square error (RMSE), bias, and Bland-Altman limits of agreements between the motion capture and IMU systems were quantified for knee and trunk sagittal- and frontal-plane range-of-motion (ROM) and peak angles. Our results indicate that IMU validity was task-, joint-, and plane-dependent. Based on good-to-excellent (ICC) correlation, reasonable accuracy (RMSE < 5°), bias within 2°, and limits of agreements within 10°, we recommend the use of this IMU system for knee sagittal-plane ROM estimations during cutting, trunk sagittal-plane peak angle estimation during the double-leg landing task, trunk sagittal-plane ROM estimation for almost all tasks, and trunk frontal-plane peak angle estimation for the right single-leg landing task. Due to poor comparisons with the optoelectronic system, we do not recommend this IMU system for knee frontal-plane kinematic estimations.

Studying problems related to the motional physiology of tennists

The article is devoted to the problems connected with the physiology of tennis players' movements. The main aim of the article was to determine the key factors which directly influence on movements and actions of tennis players during training process and participation in professional tournaments. Methods of the research: the analysis of scientific and methodical sources and observations. Object of the research: the educational and training process of tennis players aimed at improvement of movements. Results. The human strength is the ability to overcome the external resistance or to resist it due to the power of muscles. Each of the factors studied plays an important role in the training of athletes. The physiology of movement of tennis players consists of many components such as strength, agility, speed, ability to maintain balance, accuracy of movement in space, flexibility and endurance. Each of the mentioned elements plays not a small role and requires a special training. The urgency of the subject of the analysis of physiology of tennis players' movements consists in the increase of popularity of this kind of sport on the territory of Ukraine. As of 2021, more than 50 representatives of the country are included in the WTA and ATP ratings. It directly indicates a high level of preparation of domestic sportsmen. Conclusions. The physiology of a tennis player's movement consists of many factors (strength, agility, speed, ability to keep balance, accuracy of movement in space, flexibility and endurance), each of which plays an important role to reach the goals. Most of them are related to each other and create certain combinations. However, having one property does not guarantee the other, creates obstacles. However, they can be solved through constant training. Studying in detail the physiology of an athlete's movement is necessary in order to understand what characteristics may arise. More detailed researches, connected with physiology of movements, will help to correct correctly the preparatory process in future not only for the future professionals, but also for the present representatives of the Ukrainian national tennis team.

IoT-Based Wearable Sensors and Bidirectional LSTM Network for Action Recognition of Aerobics Athletes.

Aerobics is the fusion of gymnastics, dance, and music; it is a body of a sports project, along with the development of the society. The growing demand for aerobics inevitably increases the demand for aerobics coach and teacher and has opened elective aerobics class which is an effective way of cultivating professional talents relevant to aerobics. Aerobics has extended fixed teaching mode and cannot conform to the development of the times. The motion prediction of aerobics athletes is a new set of teaching aid. In this paper, a motion prediction model of aerobics athletes is built based on the wearable inertial sensor of the Internet of Things and the bidirectional long short term memory (BiLSTM) network. Firstly, a wireless sensor network based on ZigBee was designed and implemented to collect the posture data of aerobics athletes. The inertial sensors were used for data collection and transmission of the data to the cloud platform through Ethernet. Then, the movement of aerobics athletes is recognized and predicted by the BiLSTM network. Based on the BiLSTM network and the attention mechanism, this paper proposes to solve the problem of low classification accuracy caused by the traditional method of directly summing and averaging the updated output vectors corresponding to each moment of the BiLSTM layer. The simulation experiment is also carried out in this paper. The experimental results show that the proposed model can recognize aerobics effectively.

“However, he did not switch to walking”: the experience of a philosophical research of collective endurance running

The object of this research is the collective endurance running as a social phenomenon of the XX &amp;ndash; XXI&amp;nbsp;centuries. The subject of this research is the spiritual grounds of the person&amp;rsquo;s choice and the sociocultural components of the existence of collective endurance running viewed in their interrelation. The article leans on the scientific approach and general methodological principles of scientific study, dialectical method, as well as ideas and values of the concept of humanism. The author set the following tasks: determine the social grounds and factors of proliferation endurance running in contemporary history; explore the peculiarities of interaction between running locomotion and unconscious aspect of the personality of amateur athlete; explicate the impact of long-distance running upon metaphysical component of the spiritual world of a &amp;ldquo;running&amp;rdquo; person; outline the social needs fulfilled by cultivation and propaganda of the positive impact of long-distance running practices; determine the problematic field of the &amp;ldquo;philosophy of running&amp;rdquo;.&amp;nbsp;The novelty of this work lies in description of the worldview foundations of running activity of the amateur long-distance runners.&amp;nbsp;These foundations are viewed as the main reason for proliferation of endurance running in modern society, as well as the semantic core of the problematic field of the &amp;ldquo;philosophy of running&amp;rdquo;. The metaphysical component of mentality of the &amp;ldquo;running&amp;rdquo; person via a long running effort goes back to the transcendent beginning of its existence; amateur endurance running provides selection of the most effective adaptive skills; forms an autotelic personality oriented towards the mode of &amp;ldquo;being&amp;rdquo;, rather than &amp;ldquo;possessing&amp;rdquo;; serves as a component of environmental movements and charity campaigns, a form of socialization of people with impairments; has a powerful educational potential. Being the basis of most athletic movements, running&amp;nbsp;can be viewed as the &amp;ldquo;initial cell&amp;rdquo; that determines the impact of sport practices upon the human mind and body, as well as the current stage of social development.&amp;nbsp;In relation to a human, such impact can be described by the word &amp;ldquo;kalokagathia&amp;rdquo;, while in relation to society &amp;ndash; by the terms &amp;ldquo;humanism&amp;rdquo; "and &amp;ldquo;democracy&amp;rdquo;.

Placement of inertial measurement units in Racket Sports: Perceptions of coaches for IMU use during training and competition.

While inertial measurement units (IMU) have become an integral part of sports performance analysis, upper body-mounted IMUs have been found to exhibit poor reliability in measuring lower-limb loading. In racket sports, IMUs have been placed in a number of positions on the upper body, lower body and racket in a research setting. A potential limitation to the concurrent use of multiple IMUs is that coaches may be reluctant to allow their athletes to wear the units during training and competition due to concerns that the units would interfere with athlete movement. This study seeks to understand the perceptions of racket sports coaches towards the use of IMUs in training and competition. A total of 58 racket sport coaches responded to a survey on the use of IMUs during training and competition. Based on the responses, 96.6% (56 out of 58) of coaches indicated that they would allow their athletes to wear IMUs in training, while 65.5% (38 out of 58) would allow their athletes to wear IMUs during competition. For use in training, 9 of the 14 suggested IMU placements received significant positive responses. However, none of the suggested IMU placements received significant positive responses for use during competition and 11 of the 14 received significant negative responses. This suggests that while coaches understand the benefits of collecting data from IMUs during competition. Despite this, for use in training, a number of upper and lower body-mounted IMUs placements have the potential to be part of regular monitoring in racket sports.

투포환 수행 시 구간 별 하지 근활성도 패턴 분석(사례 연구) : 이수정 선수를 중심으로

The purpose of this study was to measure the activity of the lower limb muscles when performing ten successful and ten failed shot put movements of athletes who have won the national sports competition, and then divided them into three sections (glide, delivery, and release). The purpose of this study is to statistically analyze the difference in the results of the action to find out detailed muscle use patterns in the successful shot put movement and the failed action. As a result of the study, the roles of the right biceps femoris and lateral gastrocnemius were important in the gliding section, and it was determined that the external rotation of the biceps femoris was necessary for connection to the delivery section. In the delivery section, the left biceps femoris

Program for improving the Technical and Tactical training of veteran athletes who specialize in Martial Arts (on the example of SAMBO wrestlers)

Today, there is an increasing interest of the world community in the movement of veteran athletes, including wrestlers who specialize in Sambo (sports). Given the above, the leading and important role is played by scientific and methodological support of key components of the professional activities of veteran athletes who specialize in Sambo. The choice of the optimal technical and tactical arsenal of wrestlers of the studied category, considering their individual and typological features, allows to achieve the main goal – maintaining optimal sports form and winning competitions of various ranks in the selected Martial Arts. As a result of theoretical research, members of the research group developed a Program to improve the Technical and Tactical training of veteran Sambo wrestlers in the System of their annual training cycle. We expect that the introduction into the System of long-term training of veteran Martial Arts who specialize in Sambo wrestling programs to improve their Technical and Tactical training will increase the activity and effectiveness of competitive actions, which will ensure their successful performance in competitions of various ranks. Prospects for further research in the chosen direction of scientific research include testing the Program to improve the Technical and Tactical training of veteran Sambo wrestlers in the System of their annual training cycle, taking into account their individual typological and physiological characteristics.

External Training Demands in Women's Varsity Rugby Union Players Quantified by Wearable Microtechnology With Individualized Speed Thresholds.

Nyman, DLE and Spriet, LL. External training demands in women's varsity rugby union players quantified by wearable microtechnology with individualized speed thresholds. J Strength Cond Res 36(11): 3151-3158, 2022-This study used wearable Global Positioning System (GPS) microtechnology with individualized speed thresholds to examine external training demands in 29 female varsity rugby union athletes during competitive season practices. Players were categorized as forwards or backs and observed during fitness, game-based, or skill training days (FT/GT/ST). Global Positioning System-derived variables included distances, high-intensity running (HIR), work-to-rest ratio, power plays, and PlayerLoad. Five speed zones categorized athlete movements and were customized according to each individual's overall maximum velocity (V̇max). Compared with backs, forwards had lower overall V̇max (6.62 ± 0.66 m·s -1 ; 7.38 ± 0.61 m·s -1 , p = 0.003) and HIR thresholds (3.97 ± 0.40 m·s -1 ; 4.43 ± 0.37 m·s -1 , p = 0.003). There were no interaction effects between position and training day for any GPS-derived variables. However, there were several effects of position ( p ≤ 0.05), with forwards being lower than backs in mean V̇max, zone 1 distance, and power plays, and greater than backs in zone 3, zone 4, and HIR distances. Effects of the training day ( p ≤ 0.05) were also observed in zone 1 distance, with FT being lower than GT and ST, and in power plays, with FT being greater than ST. In female varsity rugby union athletes, there were significant positional differences in individualized speed thresholds and external training demands. However, there were few marked differences between fitness, game-based, and skill training days.

Prediction of athlete movements using wearable sensors for sports person health monitoring application

Improvement in the data gathering to track the practise environments of the sports performance. Among these, the Internet of Things (IoT) technology with smartphones is increasingly evolving to help people with their health problems. In the world of athletics, wearable devices can provide real-time data to track athletes’ heart rhythms and help athletic activities. The players’ pulse rates change at various positions as they play sport and track their heartbeat, allowing them to understand their fitness and improve a person’s health. Therefore, the study proposes a wearable sensor-based athletic movement prediction (WS-AMP) model. The model uses the deep learning algorithm to effectively classify motions usually extracted from the interactive motion panels and determine how feasible it is to perform wearable sensor data classification. On 523 athletes with nine athletic motions, data on optical motion capture have been obtained. The research performs the deep neural network model’s training and validation, incorporating the convolutional neural network. The experimental study performs the prediction analysis and comparison with existing machine learning models. The experimental above analysis of wearable sensor-based IoT health monitoring of Sport person movements prediction are Abnormal Conditions ratio is 86.65%, Spectrum analysis of heart rate ratio is 87.12%, the Error rate of body maintenance ratio is 83.51%, Mental acuity ratio is 87.10% and finally overall accuracy, and F1 score ratio is 93.80%.

Development of high-performance sports machine and elucidation of Two-seam ball gyroball

Sports engineering uses mathematics and physics to develop solutions to sporting problems. It involves the design and manufacture of sports equipment and facilities that can help maximise athletic performance. In order to develop fit-for-purpose products, it is necessary to consider the motions and movements of athletes. Professor Shinobu Sakai, Production Systems Engineering and Sciences, Komatsu University, Japan, is combining AI and neural networks (NN) to develop multifunctional and high-performance sports equipment and training machines that can benefit athletes and people across the globe who play sports. Believing that machines are subordinate to human beings, a key goal for Sakai is to augment the performance of sports players through the development of tools and machines. Some of the state-of-the-art tools and methodologies he uses in his work are high-resolution sensors, laser-speed sensors, MATLAB and general finite element method analysis software (ANSYS/LS-DYNA). He has developed a shuttlecock launching machine for badminton that can launch at high speed, a high-performance baseball pitching machine that is able to generate an efficient and objective gyro spin and has a high throwing performance and a pitching control method that uses AI.