Architecture Research Articles

다시점적 관점에서 본 자하 하디드 건축의 확장성 연구

Zaha Hadid began to make a name for herself with deconstructionist architecture in the post-structuralist era of the 1980s, and led the way in organic, non-linear architecture as digital architecture became common after the 2000s. The numerous buildings she left behind before her death left a significant mark on the development of modern architecture. The multi-semantic perspective is a model used as an analysis framework for deconstructivist architecture in space philosophy. It is a perspective that can recognize modern architecture inherent in the pluralistic diversity of modern society by discovering the metaphors and essential meanings of architectural forms and spaces. As such, studying the architectural characteristics of her architecture from a multi-semantic perspective is judged to be of great significance in understanding the direction of the future of modern architecture. Therefore, this study traces Zaha Hadid's overall architectural works, analyzes the characteristics of her works from a multi-semantic perspective, and draws conclusions. In conclusion, Zaha Hadid started from deconstructionism, showed a change to digital architecture, and changed the function-oriented architecture seen in structuralism into a space that can be interpreted multiple times. She created the expandability of multi-perspectives through the diagonal lines and acute angles of deconstructivism, and brought about the expandability of multi-perspective space through the non-linear organicity shown in digital architecture.

A Survey of Material Actuation Enhancement Approaches for Adaptive Architecture

This study examined design approaches for enhancing material actuation in adaptive architecture, aiming to make it perceptible for human cognitive engagement. Over recent decades, material actuation has gained attention as a sustainable alternative to mechanical actuation in architectural adaptation, utilizing materials’ intrinsic properties. This shift mitigates environmental concerns and enhances material engagement in spatial cognition. Enhancing material actuation’s effectiveness involves addressing inherent material limitations to ensure perceptibility in architectural work. This study explored new-structuralist adaptive design cases, categorizing enhancement approaches into ‘thinning’, ‘folding’, ‘aggregation’, ‘layering’, and ‘composite’. These strategies are pivotal in both pre-actuation and in-actuation phases of design and fabrication, facilitating interaction between humans and materials. The research methodology involved sourcing post-2010 publications from Google Scholar using keywords related to new materiality and architectural design. Selected articles featuring ‘material actuation’ were analyzed for their methodologies. Through clustering, five primary enhancement strategies were identified. This paper evaluates each approach’s benefits and limitations, highlighting potential utility concerns in material-based architectural adaptations. The analysis offers insight into material actuation’s role in adaptive architecture, emphasizing its environmental and cognitive implications.

An Authentic Example of Ottoman-Era Wooden Summerhouses; Cemil Topuzlu Kiosk

The beginning of the 18th century is known as the “Westernization Period” in Ottoman architecture. It was in this period that Western-born architectural movements found their way into the Ottoman Empire. This was also a time in which new types of structures emerged in Ottoman architecture as the Western influence continued to permeate both religious and civil architecture. This impact also affected the Ottoman culture of housing, leading to important changes in residential structures. The new cultural elements arriving from the West began to be apparent in the plans, facades, interiors, and decorative components of the homes of the affluent, most of which were built by Western architects. This was a time in which lifestyles were changing, and especially in the capital of Istanbul, a rich assortment of residential architecture was expressed in styles that included the Neo-Baroque, Neo-Gothic, Orientalism, Art Nouveau, Eclecticism, Swiss Châlet, and Late Victorian. One of the new types of structures that appeared in this period was the summerhouse. While these houses belonged to the wealthy Ottoman elite and reflected the traditional Ottoman residential fabric in their plans and styles, a large number carried the architectural characteristics of the summerhouses and mansions of the West. The aim of this article is to describe an authentic example of the group of wooden summerhouses that were outstanding products of Ottoman residential architecture in the 19th century, at a time when the Empire’s cultural norms were turning toward the West. The characteristics of the plans of these buildings, the configuration of their facades and decorative elements will be presented, as will other information on the wooden summerhouses of the period.

PERENCANAAN MANAJEMEN PEMELIHARAAN BANGUNAN HOTEL X DI PADANG UNTUK MENCAPAI EFISIENSI BIAYA DAN WAKTU

Every building needs maintenance on every component of the building. Before carrying out maintenance activities, planning is required for every aspect of maintenance in the building. Good planning can ensure achieving goals in carrying out maintenance that utilizes costs and time efficiently. This study aims to plan the implementation of hotel building maintenance to achieve cost efficiency and maintenance time. The implementation methods include making SOPs, checklist forms, cost planning and maintenance schedules. Planning for SOP is made by adding existing SOP from the hotel to several SOPs from ministerial regulations that the hotel has not implemented. Planning checklist forms, costs and maintenance schedules made for architectural, mechanical and electrical work are limited to a period of 1 year and use ministerial regulation no. 24/PRT/M/2008 to check its suitability with implementation in the field. This research shows that hotel building maintenance management planning is better than before. The maintenance management plan created is expected to help the hotel carry out maintenance activities efficiently and utilize costs and time.

Building Information Modeling as a Moderator Effects the Relationship Between Sustainability Metrics and Stakeholder Satisfaction

The oil industry is, by virtue of being a resource of value addition, the engine of industrialisation in countries. When focusing on environmental concerns today, studying the connection between financial management and Building Information Modelling (BIM) in climate-friendly oil projects is highly recommended. This paper is dedicated to the role of sustainability and Iraq’s decisions in Accounting and Information Systems in Iraq’s oil sector. It aims to capture the relationship between everything that is based on sustainability metrics and economic actors who also play important roles in such undertakings. The research succeeded in collecting data by preparing a survey, which was conducted among leading oil companies in Iraq, with the aim of determining their information system procedures. The data was analysed using the methodology of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The results illustrate the positive help for BIM by including sustainability metrics. The information system type for the BIM also significantly influences the relationship between sustainability indicators and public sectors, with public sector participants being the more determinant group. This means that financial metrics, which may be interpreted as a performance factor for BIM, play a role in creating links that serve as the predicates of the sustainability indicators. Additionally, it rBIMes the concept of trade-off on the operational aspects between sustainability and economic gains in oil trading by adding a unique perspective to existing literature. The model created in this study is grounded on the PLS-SEM, complemented by the literature, and the hypotheses are tested. Through the inclusive coverage of the oil industry, the information can enlighten and guide effective strategies for collaborating with architectural work stakeholders that highlight the importance of oil sector proposals.

A Portable Technology for Measuring Haze Levels in Thick Laminated Glass Panels

Increasing security concerns and a trend towards larger glass panels are driving the adoption of thicker laminate glass panels in prominent architectural works worldwide. However, the polymeric materials used in these laminates can lead to haze, a detrimental optical defect that impairs transparency perception, particularly when used in thick, multi-layer laminates. This work presents a novel technology capable of accurately and robustly measuring haze in glass laminates of arbitrary thickness, based on using computer-vision to measure changes in contrast when viewing a standard mask through the material under controlled diffuse lighting conditions. Unlike previous approaches, this technology can be employed on installed glasses without requiring exposed edges for double-sided measurements, making it suitable for on-site work. The experimental evidence provided indicates that its precision and robustness are adequate for quality control.

Questions on the Object’s Authenticity in Ukraine’s Restoration Sector

The authors focused on an important aspect of the preservation and restoration industries – authentication of works of art, details and elements of architecture, as well as the importance of proving the dating of architectural objects and works of art. This issue has always been relevant for Ukraine, as well as for other countries, and it became even more relevant during the post-war reconstruction when 863 objects of cultural heritage were destroyed and damaged in the period from 24.02.2022 to 25.11.2023. The existing experience of the "Ukrrestavratsiia" corporation in the field of authentication and dating of architectural monuments, decorative elements, and works of art was analysed. The procedure for establishing the dating and authenticity of works of art is described in specific examples.

The Postmodernisms of Russell Hall: Exploring Australia’s Changing Architecture Culture Through a Biographical Approach

ABSTRACT This paper studies the work and practice of Brisbane-based architect Russell Hall to better understand how architects in Australia negotiated the professional and formal changes that emerged in architectural culture from the 1970s. Architectural historiographies tend to discuss postmodernism as plural and multiple, while also boxing it into various branches or strands, such as ecological, traditionalist/historicist, vernacular, or pop/fun. Many of these strands, however, co-exist within the work of architects. When you study their professional biographies up close, it becomes difficult (if not impossible) to sustain these categorisations, as architectural designs often blend different interests in specific, situated ways. If broad categorisations exist about postmodern architectural forms, so too do they exist about postmodern professional practice. In the latter decades of the 20th century, it is often said, the “hired-gun-architect” and the “conglomerate architecture-building-business corporation” replaced the “gentleman-artist-architect.” However, once again, on the ground, the situation is often more nuanced and multifaceted than that. This paper adopts a biographical approach to better understand how one architect, Hall, negotiated the professional and formal changes that emerged in architectural culture from the 1970s. In doing so, it seeks to improve our understanding of postmodern architectural culture in Australia—and Queensland specifically.

RESEARCH BY DESIGN – FOSTERING STUDENTS’ CREATIVITY BY IMPLEMENTATION OF WORKSHOPS IN ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION

<p>Social, cultural, and economic aspects of contemporary architecture emerge in a variety of architectural and artistic works, together with theoretical and experimental research, which leads us to the rethinking of traditional teaching methods. This paper examines the possibilities of new formats for teaching architecture, which are relevant and attractive to students and could bring new approaches to education. This article describes the implementation of the “research by design” method of teaching architecture based on different multimedia projects. The new approach to teaching design should stimulate creative processes that could guide students to develop their creative skills by choosing their medium of expression following personal character and sensibility.</p>

Eastern Lanna Product Design for Guest room of Northern Hotel in Thailand

This research is integrated the architecture and art design creative work with community for developing local products of Eastern Lanna, by design the interior decoration prototype in 36 square meter guest room (price 600 - 800 baht per night) of Phayao university hotel to inform Kham Mok Luang flower as symbolic media or one element of identity. The objectives of study is to set research teamwork of interior designer, architect, artist- designer to design decorative objects or props with community craftmans to increase value added handicraft products and community can develop their products to commercial business by their competency. The method is qualitative research that 4 designers collaborate with 10 textile and basketry handicrafts in Ang Thong district, Phayao Province by sharing their knowledges and skills together, start from design the symbolic pattern of Kham Mok Luang of cloth weaving and basketry raw material process, design the guest room decoration, produce the decorative objects or props : curtain, bed runner, head of bed, lamp, basket. After finishing the props the researcher set them in the mock up room, and take the pictures of decorative room and objects to be survey tool of stakeholders satisfaction opinion about symbolic pattern design and all decorative products. The result is to the most satisfaction in symbolic pattern, the products or props satisfaction is more to the most.

Legal Protection of Architectural Works as Copyright: An Epistemological and Islamic Law Perspective

The research examined the problem of the legal protection of architectural works as copyright. It described the concept of the legal protection of architectural works based on the point of view of the philosophy of science and Islamic law. This research aimed to solve problems related to the infringement of architectural works as copyright through concepts in the philosophy of science and Islamic law. The research method used a philosophical approach and theoretical approach. The results showed that the legal protection of architectural works as copyrighted works from the epistemological point of view was based on the boundaries of science as obtained through experience. Then, it tested empirically to produce science with an objective, rational nature and methods carried out using science from acceptable and reliable researchers so that the results of architectural works by applying elements of culture, science and technology have the quality of works that are not in doubt of their authenticity. In Islamic law, the legal protection of architectural works leads to moral rights owned by the creator because of the principle of maslahah or public interest, which has the same concept as the Utilitarian theory proposed by Jeremy Bentham. Legal protection of architectural works as copyright refers to an epistemological point of view. Islamic law is based on moral rights as one of the inherent rights owned by the creator as the originality of the work that must be protected. In contrast, economic rights are considered an added value of the moral rights owned by the creator.

The Career of an Architect-Planner: Colin Ernest Philp in Tasmania 1925-1960

ABSTRACT Architects were closely connected with the town planning movement in the first sixty years of the twentieth century. In Tasmania a leading architect-planner was Colin Ernest Philp (1906–95), who trained as an architect in Hobart and practiced in Launceston from 1925 to 1936, in Hobart from 1936 to 1960 and in Fiji from about 1961. Initially influenced by the Arts and Crafts movement, Philp later applied new methods to an eclectic range of buildings. This article selectively discusses examples of his architectural work, partly influenced by some overseas visits, and his role as “one of the entrepreneurial leaders of Modernism in Tasmania.” But Philp commands our attention for being Tasmania’s most outspoken architect-planner to advocate the application of town planning principles, first in Launceston in the 1930s, but more emphatically from the 1940s in Hobart, where he was prominent on numerous professional and community bodies, advocating better housing and metropolitan planning and tackling problems caused by the motor car. While serving on the Hobart City Council as an alderman from 1956 to 1960, Philp was strategically placed to further his town planning agenda, but was only partially successful. This paper assesses his career as architect, planner and alderman until 1960.

From sign to inscription

This paper extends the author's work on inscriptions as a new theory of contemporary architecture. Using the concept of unary trait from Lacanian theory, the paper analyses two works of architecture. First, from the late 1970s, Peter Eisenman's project for the Cannaregio district of Venice is read as borrowing the form of the grid from Le Corbusier, enacting Lacan's unary trait. Eisenman's treatment of the grid is interpreted as evidence of poststructuralist thinking in architecture. Second, Atelier Deshaus's Riverside Passage in Shanghai is read as using the demolished fragments and existing retaining wall of a former coal storage wharf as architectural symptom. The architects' treatment of the wall and remnants from the demolition is, again, interpreted as evidence of poststructuralist thinking in recent architecture.

Wandering "paper" dominants: positions and functions of high-rise accents in the urban development projects of Pushchino, 1950–1980s

The subject of this study are the architectural and urban planning projects of the scientific town of Pushchino of the USSR Academy of Sciences, developed in the second half of the 20th century. It focuses on high-rise accents planned in the master plans from the 1950s to the 1980s, which, though never realized, played a crucial organizing role in the city's developmental compositions over the years. These "paper" projects significantly influenced the actual architectural ensemble of the city. Specific changes in the creative concepts are correlated with personnel shifts within the team that developed the projects for Pushchino. The dynamics and direction of architectural searches are considered within the broad context of the history of Soviet architecture and are compared with global processes and the positions of architectural theorists and philosophers. The research employs a formal and comparative analysis method, structured historically to segment the creative process into periods that reflect both the subject of the research and the broader historical and architectural context of the era. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the comprehensive analysis of numerous urban planning and architectural projects, gathered through extensive research in state and personal archives. This allowed for the first time to consider the work of architects on the planning projects of Pushchino as a dynamic process, revealing changes that occurred at each of its stages. Through the analysis of the development of “paper” dominants, wandering from project to project, changes in the global urban planning concepts of the city were traced. Consequently, the article provides insights into the development of urban planning in Pushchino, viewed through the lens of high-rise accents. It also paves the way for further research into other aspects of the process, contributing to a more comprehensive and profound understanding of urban architectural development.

Advancements in Federated Learning: Models, Methods, and Privacy

Federated learning (FL) is a promising technique for resolving the rising privacy and security concerns. Its main ingredient is to cooperatively learn the model among the distributed clients without uploading any sensitive data. In this paper, we conducted a thorough review of the related works, following the development context and deeply mining the key technologies behind FL from the perspectives of theory and application. Specifically, we first classify the existing works in FL architecture based on the network topology of FL systems with detailed analysis and summarization. Next, we abstract the current application problems, summarize the general techniques and frame the application problems into the general paradigm of FL base models. Moreover, we provide our proposed solutions for model training via FL. We have summarized and analyzed the existing FedOpt algorithms, and deeply revealed the algorithmic development principles of many first-order algorithms in depth, proposing a more generalized algorithm design framework. With the instantiation of these frameworks, FedOpt algorithms can be simply developed. As privacy and security is the fundamental requirement in FL, we provide the existing attack scenarios and the defense methods. To the best of our knowledge, we are among the first tier to review the theoretical methodology and propose our strategies since there are very few works surveying the theoretical approaches. Our survey targets motivating the development of high-performance, privacy-preserving, and secure methods to integrate FL into real-world applications.

APPLICATION OF VALUE ENGINEERING IN ARCHITECTURAL WORK ON THE LAHAIROI LATERI CHURCH, AMBON CITY

Effective construction cost control such as saving construction costs will increase the chances of project success and user satisfaction. The biggest component in construction costs is material. High material costs necessitate a review of building functions. Construction savings are made by reviewing the largest cost components in architectural work. Review of material components is carried out using the value engineering method. Value engineering is a method for getting an alternative picture so that the costs incurred are more efficient than the initial planning costs. The application of value engineering to construction projects has a major impact on planning by generating reviews to obtain cost effectiveness. Research was conducted at the Lahairoi Lateri Church Building project located in Ambon City. The aim of this research is to find alternative material substitutes for architectural work and obtain total cost savings by using the concept of value engineering. The use of the value engineering concept is carried out by information phase, analyzing the function of using index function analysis techniques, identifying alternative materials, and evaluating the results of the alternative materials. Research using the value engineering concept on the Lahairoi Lateri Church Building Construction project, Ambon City achieved cost savings of 861,116,841.05 IDR. This amount saves 5.32% of the initial architectural work costs of 16,170,539,500 IDR. These results show that value engineering can eliminate unnecessary costs in church-type building without changing the building function.

Pythagorean Music Theory and Its Application in Renaissance Architectural Design

This article concerns Alberti's approach to architectural design integrates Pythagorean consonance ratios from music theory, not by direct application but as a conceptual guide for aesthetic ratios in buildings. He expands spatial dimensions using methods derived from past artisans, adhering to and building upon the foundational consonance ratios. While applying these two-number proportions to width and length poses no problem, calculating height in a three-dimensional space requires a three-number proportion. Alberti resolves this issue by adopting the mean value strategy from music theory, where the mean is typically the middle value in an octave ratio, to determine the height in the spatial configuration. Alberti advocates for architects to leverage the insights of skilled artisans. However, his own architectural work demonstrates deviations from his theoretical principles. This study highlights Alberti's application of musical intervals such as the major and minor thirds, sixths, and sevenths, which were not traditionally emphasized in the musical science of the quadrivium, focused primarily on octaves, fifths, and fourths. These choices reflect the broader evolution of music during the 15th century, marking a shift towards "practical music" and signaling music's departure from the liberal arts to become a significant element of the fine arts, showcasing the influence of Pythagorean consonance in European music and arts through the 16th century. Thus, this article reflects the interactions between music and architecture of knowledge received from ancient Greek civilization in the Renaissance. The art of music in this period is founded on the philosophy and knowledge of Pythagoras.

ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИЯ КАК МЕТОД ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ В АРХИТЕКТУРНОМ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИИ

The architectural community, observing the negative consequences of its technocratic aspirations, reflexively comes to confusion. Architectural work is infected with search, languishes with a thirst for understanding the pressing problems of architecture, its humanistic purpose, the ability to embody and express thoughts and feelings in its inherent language, which only man, the creator and the organic component of the polysyllabic world of architecture is capable of. As a consequence, there is an interested penetration into his ideological, figurative, linguistic mysteries, involving a wide range of anthropological views. Interpretation of signs should be understood as an active process gradually approaching resolution. Various factors can influence this process: for example, contextual conditions, basic knowledge, empirical knowledge or learned practices should be mentioned. Nelson Goodman's approach has proved particularly fruitful for comparative research. Unlike the well-known previous models, Goodman can relate various sign systems to each other, since he works with a single basis, and not with special typologies. The dilemma of interpreting an architectural work without use, apparently, can only be solved by using a higher context of hidden applications that qualify an unused building as a work of architecture. Consequently, hidden contexts of use are found in areas defined by human existence. Interpretations represent only a small part of a large spectrum of the use of signs. The use of signs ranges from invention, discovery and creation through purposeful interpretation processes to everyday use. Understanding manifests itself as a continuous process, in a constant desire to master and penetrate the world, find your way and act. The results of these processes, which are a fleeting excerpt from an ongoing process, can be described as knowledge. This knowledge is now available for further attempts at understanding — provided that it is cultivated and preserved. It also explains how knowledge is lost. If there is no cognitive ability to understand, any written sign systems remain an accumulation of data or information.

An Analysis of American Gothic Revival Architecture - Exemplified by the Work of Alexander Jackson Davis

American Gothic Revival architecture, as an architectural style with deep historical and cultural connotations, occupied a prominent position in the field of American architecture in the 19th century. The purpose of this study is to explore how Davis' architectural work influenced the development of Gothic Revival architecture in the United States and to reveal its unique place in American culture. Through an indepth analysis of Davis s representative architectural works, this paper shows how he fused Gothic elements with modern design concepts to create an architectural art that is both historical and modern. These works not only show the aesthetic value of architecture, but also reflect the cultural trends and values of American society at that time.

Problems and Employability of Architectural Drafting Technology Students of Surigao Norte State University

This article entails the problems meet and employability of architectural drafting students of Surigao Norte State University (SNSU) under the College of Technology (COT). The faculty members in architectural drafting courses are more experienced and qualified to teach in this field. The enrolment in architectural drafting courses is increasing. On the other hand, the partners of SNSU in the OJT of the students are much established companies in the field of architecture and engineering. Instructors are having problems concerning facilities and acquisition of teaching materials. Students are considering facilities as their most problematic concern. The architectural drafting students in SSCT possess the necessary skills to be employed in architectural engineering works. Female architectural drafting students are more employable in terms of work ethics and technical skills compared to males. As problems on either facilities, curriculum, teacher, or administration/supervision become more prevalent, the employability of the students are affected..