Industrial Architecture Research Articles

НЕМЕЦКАЯ АРХИТЕКТУРА В РОССИИ: ГЕРМАН МУТЕЗИУС И ЭЛЕКТРОСТАНЦИЯ «ЭЛЕКТРОПЕРЕДАЧА» (1914)

The “Electroperedacha” (Electric Transmission) power plant represents an important attainment in the field of architecture, urban planning and power engineering. This plant has been in operation since 1914 to the present day. Based on the original blueprints the authorship of the project was identified – it was created by Hermann Muthesius, the co-founder of the Deutsche Werkbund. The article provides a greater knowledge of the Muthesius’s heritage due to the discovery of his first and the only one project in Russia. Furthermore, the article examines the modernization of the plant in the 1920s with the participation of the VKHUTEMAS Architecture Faculty Dean Edgar Norvert. At the beginning of the 20th century, in Germany, Werkbund masters elaborated a new approach to the architecture based on the unity of art and industry. The research regards the close relationship between Russia and Germany in the field of electrification, owing to which the creation of the “Electroperedacha” power plant became possible. To conclude, the preservation and revitalization of industrial architecture is an important social and cultural process, and this published information can be regarded as a contribution to it.

Shifts in the geographical and commodity structure of production and world export of high-technology industrial products with different R&D intensity

The industrialisation of the world economy continues to develop not only at the expense of economically developed, but also at the expense of developing countries. This leads to a spatial regrouping of forces in the architecture of world industry at the regional and global levels. Changes can be traced both in production and in trade in products of hightechnology industries. The purpose of the study is to characterise modern processes in the global manufacturing industry, to show the changing role of regions in the world industry and world trade in products of knowledge- and technologyintensive (KTI) industries with varying degrees of research and development (R&D) intensity, to identify the role of a new leading region, as well as the positions of China and other countries. In the course of the research, Asia’s stable leadership in the production and export of products of high-technology industries with varying degrees of R&D intensity was established. It is shown that at present the Asia region is the leader, first of all, due to the industrial development of China, the share of which is about 30 % in the production of products of the world manufacturing industry. At the same time, the share of China in the manufacturing industry of the Asian region (the modern leader of the world industry) exceeds 50 % (as well as in the trade in industrial products of the countries of this region) already. China came out on top in the export of all groups of high-technology goods with varying degrees of R&D intensity, including in the export of high-technology goods with high R&D intensive (23 and 20 % of world exports, respectively). China is the leader in the production (26 %) and export (12 %) of high-technology goods with medium-high R&D intensity also. The strengthening of the position of the Asian region in the world industry and world trade of knowledge- and technology-intensive goods in the second decade of the 21st century is revealed.

CINEMA CONCERT HALL "UKRAINE" IN KHARKIV. FEATURES OF CREATION AND MODERN STATE

Abstract. Today, researchers' interest in the architecture of the USSR during the late 50s and early 70s of the 20th century is growing rapidly, since these years have left behind an outstanding architectural heritage. Many aspects of industrial architecture are being studied, one of which is the phenomenon of the emergence of atypical author's public buildings. The paper discusses the features of the creation and the current state of the Cinema and Concert Hall "Ukraine" – one of the unique objects of the early 1960s, built in Kharkiv. To achieve the goal, the authors formulated the following research objectives: to consider literary sources that provide general information about the CCH "Ukraine"; find and analyze authors' articles and publications written by a design team of architects, as well as experts in various fields; to classify and summarize the received material; analyze the current state of the structure. The article describes the design site in the city garden named after T. G. Shevchenko, on the site of which there was a summer open-air musical stage, in need of restoration due to the impossibility of its use. Presented is a group of architects who developed the project for the new building, and under whose leadership the construction was carried out. The author's concept of the design solution and the stages of its implementation are considered. The main purpose of the project was showing films, holding concerts of symphonic music, performing by pop groups and soloists, as well as organizing rallies and meetings. The features of space planning (composition, functional zoning) and architectural (interior, external design) solutions of the investigated object are revealed. An innovative, for that time, constructive solution of the structure was analyzed in detail and described – hanging cable-stayed structures of a saddle shape. A brief history of this constructive system is given. Particular attention is paid to the current state of the CCH "Ukraine", since on August 12, 2021, the facility was opened after a long reconstruction. Presented and described are the project proposals for reconstruction, made by the Ukrainian architectural bureau.

Transformation of the city of Split industrial heritage into a science center

Background: Split is a city in the Mediterranean, situated on Croatia’s coastline. Split’s northern coast has a long-stand-ing industrial function and harbors the city’s first electri-cal substation, designed by modernist architect Josip Maria Kodl. Objective: The goal of this work was to envision a science center in Split’s industrial zone in Dujmovača (the northern coast of the Split peninsula), comprising a science museum with a research and congress center. The programmatic and spatial analyses of the science center’s amenities and the proposal as a whole demonstrate the potential of this forgotten space in Split and breathe new life into Kodl’s ar-chitectural heritage. Methods: The proposed solution uses a dialogical narrative between a conservation, contextual, programmatic, and theoretical approach within a strict orthogonal structure, fostering the development of alternative associations and elaboration of architectural details.Results: The proposed solution constitutes a complex of multiple interconnected and flexible elements. This al-lows different parts of the Science Center to function inde-pendently of each other. This paper provides an analysis of design steps and methods, the proposal’s advantages and limitations, and the way the repurposing of industrial heri-tage was approached. Conclusion: The position of the Science Center in Dujmovača would provide one of the first impressions when entering Split on the future metro line. By reconcil-ing landscape and industrial architecture, the proposed building complex offers a framework for presenting various kinds of modifiable content, for both the pres-ent and the future.

Layered Architecture for Internet of Things-based Healthcare System: A Systematic Literature Review

Internet of Things (IoT), known as a new paradigm, has shown to have a significant role in healthcare domains including remote vital sign monitoring systems, physical activity tracking, early disease diagnosis, and prevention of disease risks. Therefore, designing an integrated healthcare system based on Internet of Things is highly dependent on designing a layered architecture pattern. However, there are no comprehensive studies on Internet of Things layered architecture in the healthcare industry. The purpose of this study was to identify and scrutinize different types of layered architecture of Internet of Things in healthcare in terms of functions, and technologies. We evaluated studies proposing layered architecture of Internet of Things based on security aspects (security requirements and solutions). A systematic literature review was conducted by searching IEEE, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science between 2005 and 2019. We were able to find 47 academic studies based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. We systematically reviewed applied functions and technologies and categorized them into three main layers namely, the perception, network, and application layers. This study also presented a comprehensive classification of sensor types. Only 28 out of 47 studies proposing Internet of Things architecture addressed security aspects among which privacy, authentication, and access control, confidentiality, and integrity had the highest rank. The layered architecture of Internet of Things is needed to provide an integrated framework for healthcare system, make better communication, and enhance the information management process. We suggest several potential solutions for future research directions according to technical, management, and security challenges

Tactics of Sustainable Entrepreneurship: Ways of Operating in the Contested Terrain of Green Architecture

This study explores the various tactics sustainable entrepreneurs use to meet the challenges associated with creating social and environmental solutions. Although often theorized as market imperfections, in this study, opportunities are considered as situations that allow things to be done differently within social settings. This approach opens up for research into the everyday practice of sustainable entrepreneurship and how sustainable entrepreneurs strive to find new solutions to counteract ecological degradation. To develop this view, I analyze the different entrepreneurial tactics actors employ to advance green architecture in the Danish construction industry. Rather than place an analytic emphasis on the end result of sustainable entrepreneurship, I suggest that the processes of developing solutions aimed at generating simultaneous economic, social and environmental value might warrant greater attention.

A lightweight intelligent intrusion detection system for industrial internet of things using deep learning algorithms

AbstractWith the substantial industrial growth, the industrial internet of things (IIoT) and many IoT avenues have emerged. However, the existing industrial architectures are still inefficient to deal with advanced security issues due to the distributed and distensible nature of the network IIoT communication networks. Therefore, solutions for improving intelligent decision‐making actions to the IIoT are sorely necessary. Thus, in this paper, the main cybersecurity attacks are predicted by applying a deep learning model. The various security and integrity features such as the DoS, malevolent operation, data type probing, spying, scanning, intrusion detection, brute force, web attacks, and wrong setup is analysed and detected by a novel sparse evolutionary training (SET) based prediction model. To scrutinize the conduct of the proposed SET‐based prediction model, evaluation parameters, such as, precision, accuracy, recall, and F1 score are measured and compared to other state‐of‐the‐art algorithms, in which the proposed SET‐based model achieved an average accuracy of 0.99% for an average testing time of 2.29 ms. Results reveal that the proposed model improved the attack detection accuracy by an average of 6.25% when compared with the other state‐of‐the‐art machine learning models in a real scenario of IoT security in Industry 4.0.

Evolutionary Approaches to Innovation, the Firm, and the Dynamics of Industries

We examine the progress of the evolutionary research on innovation, the firm, and the dynamics of industries in the last four decades. The paper acknowledges that the themes related to knowledge and technological regimes, the evolutionary processes leading to innovation, and the long-term dynamics of technologies have generated, and still remain, relevant research trajectories. The same can be said for the research trajectories on organizational and dynamic capabilities, evolutionary strategies, vertical integration, diversification, niche construction, and authority and power in organizations. Important progress has also been made in understanding the evolutionary trajectories of industries, the link between industry architecture and industry dynamics, the types of knowledge of entrants, the role of focal and vertical spinouts, the relevance of institutions and sectoral innovation systems in industry dynamics, and the catch-up process by firms from latecomer countries. We argue that future developments in the evolutionary camp should continue to be characterized by eclecticism and multidisciplinarity, as well as by the integration of different methodologies from cases to stylized facts, quantitative analyses, appreciative theorizing, and formal modelling. We conclude with an analysis of the main methodologies used by evolutionary scholars and a discussion of the road ahead.

Reliability Aware Medical Resource Allocation for Health Care Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) Using Tabu Search and Alo Algorithm

The medical data integrating system allows the hospital’s resource constraints to be more effectively utilized. Moreover, by improving the resource management and allocation method, the hospital’s operations may be more organized, and the effectiveness of healthcare can be improved without breaking the medical agreements. Significant catastrophes frequently result in a scarcity of important medical resources, hence resource allocation must be optimized to enhance the performance of relief operations. The two main requirements for healthcare industrial applications are timeliness and reliability. Therefore, in the architecture of a smart healthcare industry these two criteria should be thought carefully. A well-known approach for the security and timeliness in the intelligent healthcare industry is to utilize hybrid IoT and Cloud technologies. Yet it is not enough to protect their hard deadlines for tight time-sensitive applications utilizing cloud. A potential way to cope with efficiency and latency criteria for strict time-sensitive applications is the deployment of intermediate processing layer IoT that can be linked between healthcare industrial plant and cloud. The purpose of this article is to develop a healthcare Industrial IoT system that include a medical resource allocation scheme for dividing a certain amount of workload between those multiple computing layers which are dependable and time consuming. IOT is integration of microprocessors and controller Workload partitioning can give us important design decisions to specify how many computing resources are needed in cooperation with IoT to develop a local private cloud. Ant lion optimization (ALO) and TABU Look for the right route. The simplest method of deciding the distance to a destination is to choose an OLSR routing protocol depending on the meaning or measure it requires. The method proposed in the distribution and data storage of medical resources is very efficient.

How Technological Innovation Affect China's Pharmaceutical Smart Manufacturing Industrial Upgrading.

In recent years, a new generation of information technology has provided sufficient technical support for the smart manufacturing industry. In order to promote the upgrading of China's pharmaceutical smart manufacturing industry, the direction of industrial upgrading and transformation will be discussed from the perspective of technological innovation. According to the input and output data of technological innovation in China's pharmaceutical manufacturing industry from 2007 to 2019, the DEA method is used to analyze the allocation of innovative resources in China's pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in recent years. The study found that the efficiency of technological innovation in China's pharmaceutical manufacturing industry fluctuated greatly from 2007 to 2019, with a low overall level and varying degrees of wasted resources. On this basis, an in-depth analysis of the system architecture of the pharmaceutical smart manufacturing industry under the Industry 4.0 environment was performed. Finally, four paths for the digital transformation of China's pharmaceutical manufacturing industry are proposed. Chinese pharmaceutical manufacturing companies need to use new technologies to carry out comprehensive intelligent upgrading and digital transformation to improve innovation efficiency.

Ecosystems and competition law in theory and practice

Abstract One of the most profound changes in the industrial landscape in the last decade has been the growth of business ecosystems—groups of connected firms, drawing on (digital) platforms that leverage their complementors and lock in their customers, exploiting the “bottlenecks” that emerge in new industry architectures. This has created new asymmetries of power, where the “field” of competition is not the relevant product market, as is usually the case in competition law, but rather the ecosystem of various complementary products and associated complementor firms. These dynamics raise novel concerns over competition. After examining the foundational elements of the ecosystem concept, we review how ecosystems are addressed within the current scope of competition law and identify the gap in the existing framework of conventional competition law. We then move to a critical review of current efforts and proposals in the European Union for providing regulatory remedies for ex ante and ex post resolution of problems, focusing on the current (2020) proposals of the Digital Market Act on ex ante regulation, with its particular focus on “gatekeepers.” We also review recent regulatory initiatives in European countries that focus on ex post regulation and on the role of business models and ecosystem architectures in regulation before providing a deep dive into proposed Greek legislation that explicitly focuses on ecosystem regulation. We conclude with our observations on the challenges in instituting and implementing a regulatory framework for ecosystems, drawing on research and our own engagement in the regulatory process.

Adaptation of the Lean 6S Methodology in an Industrial Environment under Sustainability and Industry 4.0 Criteria

Industry 4.0 paradigms have a positive influence on standard operating procedures, methodologies used in Lean Manufacturing techniques and management models with sustainability criteria. Interdependencies and correlations have been found between Lean systems and Industry 4.0. The Lean principles of avoiding waste and zero defects are related to the cloud and big data paradigms. In a current workplace, there has been an exponential increase in digital information and the need to generate direct commitments to environmental management. This situation forces us to innovate and improve the management methodologies and models used in the industrial environment. The Lean 6S methodology must adapt and respond to new demands. In this work, an update of the Lean 6S methodology is carried out to guarantee increased productivity in the workplace through the organization of industrial resources, both physical and digital. A revision of the implementation procedure is proposed, which includes activities that generate a direct commitment to sustainability and the organization of digital information, through a proposal for an organizational architecture of Industry 4.0 technologies.

Historical and Modern Bridges over the Elbe-Vltava Waterway

The Elbe-Vltava Waterway (EVW) consists of continuously navigable sections of the Vltava and Elbe rivers in the Czech Republic comprising a total length of over 300 km. Most of the length of this waterway was obtained by building a system of interconnected weir basins using the canalization method. Detailed plans for making this waterway navigable started in the early 19th century, and the construction of the structures was enabled by the Austro-Hungarian Water Act of 1869. So, most locks along this waterway constitute a part of industrial heritage. Among its main structures are weirs, hydroelectric power stations and locks designed by pre-eminent Czech architects of the 19th and early-20th centuries. Many of them are excellent examples of modernist industrial architecture. Since the beginning of construction of the weir system along the EVW, bridge construction also came into focus in order to provide transportation access to both banks of the Elbe and Vltava rivers in this historically heavily urbanised area of Bohemia. This article deals with the historical development of bridge constructions over the EVW, systematically categorising them as road, railway and pedestrian bridges. Focus is on the basic technical aspects of the bridge design and technical solution, but also on their historical value and the need for a sensitive approach to their modernisation. The goal of the research is to complete the current web application www.lvvc.cz devoted to the EVW structures with the architectonically and technically most interesting bridges, including their histories. The system has been designed as an expert system, making the archived historical documents, maps, plans and photographs available for use by government institutions as well as by the general public for education and for the protection of this technical cultural heritage. The research was conducted as part of project no. DG18P02OVV004 entitled “Documentation and presentation of technical cultural heritage along the Elbe-Vltava Waterway” within a support programme for applied research and experimental development of national and cultural identity, funded by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic.

Application of computer simulation and high-precision visual matching technology in green city garden landscape design

Graphic images of computer three-dimensional simulation technology are widely used in the construction industry. Technical applications mainly include 3D simulation software and some 3D modeling tools. In the application field, there are simulation simulations of industrial architecture and interior design, urban landscape design, and demonstration simulations during construction. Based on the computer simulation technology, this thesis made a 3D simulation model with a sense of reality. Based on the calculation amount of the computer system model surface and the calculation amount of basic map texture resources, the production of the model was completed. 3D simulated points, lines, surfaces and various levels of polygonal forms. As a result, the accuracy of the spatial element layout optimization model becomes lower and the convergence speed becomes slower. A reasonable layout simulation method for landscape space elements is proposed. Selected patch area, landscape percentage, patch number, maximum patch index and average patch area as the browsing index. Use Ahp to calculate the weight of the above landscape index, and use the matching test to change and adjust the judgment result. The results show that the proposed 3D simulation model has excellent visual effects, can clearly reflect all design elements of landscape design, and its high precision and high convergence rate can be effectively applied to urban landscape design. • Graphic images of computer three-dimensional simulation technology are widely used in the construction industry. • Based on the computer simulation technology, this thesis made a 3D simulation model with a sense of reality. • The accuracy of the spatial element layout optimization model becomes lower. • The proposed 3D simulation model has excellent visual effects.

Research, Protection, and Re-Use Possibilities for Post-War Industrial Heritage in the Czech Republic – Current Research and Efforts towards Protection

Industrial architecture built by the second half of the 20th century has already acquired its place in the professional debate on research and protection of industrial heritage. However, industrial buildings from 1950s – 1980s, often architecturally, typologically and technologically very interesting, representing the development of technology industrial efforts of that era, are still only on […]

Architecture of industrial buildings for small and medium business in Southern Federal District

The article identifies the most relevant problems of industrial architecture of small and medium business, confirmed by the survey data obtained by specialists in this field. The influence of the key time factor is described. The principle of small-scale functional zoning is shown. The proposed spatial and time algorithms of the enterprise design allow preventing these problems.

Art in Post-Industrial Facilities—Strategies of Adaptive Reuse for Art Exhibition Function in Poland

Along with the socio-economic changes in Poland after 1989 and the beginning of the industrial restructuring process, many industrial architecture objects lost their original purpose. At present, sustainable processes of reusing the building stock left over from the industrial period are proceeding. One of the possibilities includes adaptation to culture-related goals, where such activities have an established tradition in the world. The aim of the article is to analyze the adaptive reuse of post-industrial facilities in Poland for the functions of art exhibitions, such as museums, galleries, and art centers. The study was based on descriptive qualitative and quantitative research, in the following stages: identification and analysis of adapted objects; developing a typology of adaptive reuse strategies; questionnaire research aimed at institutions located in adapted facilities. The analyses show that the leading group of adapted facilities constitute former power plants, which ensure favorable exhibition conditions. The main result is the recognition of five types of adaptive reuse strategies implemented in Poland, resulting from a diversified approach to the historic substance, such as: the method of extension of an object; placing an exhibition; the character of the exhibition space, along with the type of intervention in the interior of a historic building.

АРХИТЕКТУРНО-ГРАДОСТРОИТЕЛЬНАЯ ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОЙ ТЕРРИТОРИИ, РАСПОЛОЖЕННОЙ У МОСКОВСКОЙ ЗАСТАВЫ В ПЕТЕРБУРГЕ

This paper discusses the urban planning history of an area in Saint Petersburg around the former Moskovskaya Zastava, a historical gateway that travelers passed through when approaching Saint Petersburg from the direction of Moscow. Specifically, authors are interested in the architecture of the carriage building plant. By the end of the 19th century, this part of the city had turned into an industrial area, which saw dense development from 1897 to 1917. The development of heavy industry and the expansion of domestic railways led to an emerging demand in new freight cars. In this regard, it was decided to expand the car building at the existing factories, as well as to organize the construction of new ones. A small factory in St. Petersburg, which produced phaetons, cartridge boxes and field kitchens, in 1897 was significantly expanded and transformed into the St. Petersburg railcar plant. The characteristic features of the architectural and town-planning techniques of the late 19th - early 20th centuries were embodied in the volumetric-spatial composition of the carriage-building plant complex. The strong romantic tendencies characteristic for the industrial architecture of St. Petersburg of this period were clearly traced in its composition. For the next one hundred years, this vast space did not see any transformations, constituting a complete, self-sufficient environment. The railcar plant, originally constructed at the very end of the 19th century, remained standing near Moscovskaya Zastava until the early 21st century. In 2013, the industrial area ceased its existence, and the former plant was given away for residential development.

Sustainability of Implementing Enterprise Architecture in the Solar Power Generation Manufacturing Industry

In recent years, Solar power plants are currently developed rapidly, where solar power plants don't cause environmental damage. This generator utilizes sunlight as its input source which environmentally friendly, when sunlight is converted into direct current and voltage that can be stored in batteries. Therefore, the solar energy industry needs to have high efficiency, competitive pricing, and durability. With the right information technologies and developing application systems, it can help to optimize business processes and integrating information systems. But the fact there are many industries that do not apply information technology correctly into their business. In this research, provide to the best solution for applying the enterprise architecture framework correctly. The purpose of this paper is to design a manufacturing industry information system that is in accordance with the business model canvas and enterprise architecture. The design also discusses the development of a large and integrated information system with other systems. The study of Business Model Canvas is a business model that can explain and focus on nine business aspects with a solid strategy. Studies of the ArchiMate core Framework is the framework used to classify elements of the ArchiMate core language. These two methods are expected to be able to design an enterprise information system architecture consisting of business architecture, application architecture, information architecture and technology architecture as a result of the study. The result is a more complete system design to meet system requirements for users, integrated with existing system modules and no system duplication occurs.

Обоснование технических решений фасадов реконструируемых промышленных зданий из условий энергосбережения и безопасности

Introduction. Reconstruction measures can restore production assets of an enterprise, ensure its economic efficiency, solve transportation and environmental problems. A relevant objective is to identify a set of the most important tasks of reconstruction of an industrial facility. Development of draft design proposals for the reconstruction of industrial buildings is complicated by the fact that a designer has to make a compositional link between “old” and “new” architecture, different in style and functionality, while focusing on the use of the most advanced effective materials and modern industrial structures. The article describes features of technical solutions for facades in the course of the reconstruction of industrial buildings aimed at the improvement of their energy efficiency and safety. Materials and methods. Reconstruction of industrial enterprises performs the function of transformation of industrial areas. Modern industrial architecture is focused on industrial tasks, such as the workplace protection from negative environmental effects (wind, rain, cold); arrangement of effective lighting in the workplaces; rational arrangement of workplaces, office equipment and production lines, auxiliary and service facilities, etc. Results. If there are social, historical, and architectural reasons to preserve a building, it is necessary to reconstruct and improve old industrial buildings and change their technical and economic characteristics. The reconstruction of a building means its modification aimed at changing its functionality in part or in full, taking into account the future prospects of the building. Conclusions. When restoring wornout elements of buildings that have historical significance, new elements are made in such a way that the appearance of a building remains unchanged or looks identical to its original historical appearance. Most industrial buildings, built before the law on energy performance of buildings was enacted, do not meet current regulatory requirements in terms of the thermal protection of the building enclosur.