Aqueous Alcoholic Extract Research Articles

Antimicrobial activity of flower extracts against wound pathogens and fungi

Since ages, the use of flowers as medicine throughout world is well known. This paper deals the antimicrobial screening of flowers of some medicinal plants against a few post-operative wound pathogens. Aqueous, ethanol and butyl alcohol extracts of flowers were subjected for antibacterial activity against the pathogens. Among the flower extracts tested, ethanol flower extract of Pedalium murex L. was having the highest antibacterial activity against pathogens. Thus, ethanol extract of P. murex (L) flower was subjected for further characterization study including GC-MS analysis. Ethanol flower extract of P. murex of 100 ​μg/ml showed 67.47 % free radical scavenging activity.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ГЕПАТОПРОТЕКТОРНОГО ДЕЙСТВИЯ ЭКСТРАКТОВ ИЗ НАТИВНОЙ И ДИСПЕРГИРОВАННОЙ БЕРЕСТЫ БЕРЕЗЫ ПРИ ИНТОКСИКАЦИИ ТЕТРАХЛОРМЕТАНОМ

The hepatoprotective effect of aqueous alcoholic extracts obtained from the raw materials of native birch bark (NBBE) and previously dispersed to a particle size of 100–300 nm (DBBE) was studied in male rats. The animals were divided into 14 groups of 10 animals each. Groups 1, 2 — intact; 3, 4 — control (carbon tetrachloride); 5, 6 — previously, for 5 days, NBBE was injected once intragastrically at a dose of 50 mg/kg, on the 6th day, a 50 % oil solution of CC14 was injected at a dose of 0,2 ml/100 g abdominally; 7, 8 — DBBE at a dose of 50 mg/kg + CC14; 9, 10 — NBBE at a dose of 100 mg/kg + CC14; 11, 12 — DBBE at a dose of 100 mg/kg + CC14; 13, 14 — the comparison drug carsil was injected at a dose of 100 mg/kg + CC14. On the 4th and 7th day after the injection of CC14, the animals were removed from the experiment. The data obtained indicate the hepatoprotective effect of NBBE and DBBE in carbon tetrachloride intoxication, which was expressed in the necrosis volume density decrease due to their preliminary preventive injection. NBBE at a dose of 100 mg/kg has a more significant protective effect compared to Carsil. Prophylactic injection of DBBE at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg not only prevented the development of necrosis in the liver, but unlike Carsil, it activated intracellular processes of reparative regeneration in the recovery period, which is confirmed by an increase in the number density of binuclear hepatocytes.

Exposure to Aqueous-Alcoholic Extract of Parsley Leaves (Petroselinum crispum) in Lead-Treated Rats Alleviate Liver Damage

Exposure to Aqueous-Alcoholic Extract of Parsley Leaves (Petroselinum crispum) in Lead-Treated Rats Alleviate Liver Damage

Rational use of raw capers growing in Uzbekistan

This article presents data on the export of raw materials and the results of pharmacological studies of caper buds for use in the pharmaceutical industry. For this, the volumes of export products for the last 2 years were studied and preclinical studies of the aqueous-alcoholic extract obtained from local plant materials were carried out in comparison with reference preparations. As a result, the aqueous-alcoholic extract obtained from local plant materials has reliable hypoglycemic activity comparable to the reference preparation “Gluqueir” capsule, but inferior to the synthetic preparation “Diabeton MR” 60 mg tablets with modified release. The range of effective doses (ED30, ED50 and ED100) was also established and the most effective dose was found.

PORTABLE AMPEROMETRIC SENSOR FOR MEASURING THE TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SUBSTANCES

Understanding the role of antioxidants as substances interrupting free radical reactions intensifies the search for new natural and synthetic substances with antioxidant properties. Along with this, intensive research is underway to create methods for assessing the antioxidant (AO) properties of various substances and devices for determining antioxidant activity (AOA). This article proposes an amperometric method and a sensor for measuring the total antioxidant activity of substances. The method is based on the process of oxygen electroreduction in the absence and presence of antioxidants of various origins in the solution. The measurement of the analytical signal before and after the introduction of the antioxidant substance into the electrochemical cell is carried out using a portable two-electrode sensor, "pencil" type, with a silver cathode, on which a potential of -500 mV is applied from a DC source (batteries). As an antioxidant standard, a 1% solution of ascorbic acid in a phosphate buffer with a pH of 6.86 was conventionally adopted. The sensor is connected to the measuring and driving device through a microcircuit - an operational amplifier. The measured signal in arbitrary units is displayed on the liquid crystal screen of the setting and measuring device and characterizes the maximum depolarization current of the indicator electrode. Using the resistors of the measuring device, a range of 0 - 100 units is set, for the analyte in the absence of an antioxidant and in the presence of a standard - 1% ascorbic acid solution, conventionally taken as 100%, respectively. Thus, the antioxidant activity of substances can be measured as a percentage relative to ascorbic acid (or other antioxidant). The results of determining the total antioxidant activity of some drinks and aqueous-alcoholic extracts of medicinal plants are presented.

Ethnopharmacological basis for folkloric claims of Anagallis arvensis Linn. (Scarlet Pimpernel) as prokinetic, spasmolytic and hypotensive in province of Punjab, Pakistan

Ethnopharmacological relevanceThe conventional naturopaths of Punjab Province (Pakistan) have trivial usage of Anagallis arvensis Linn.(Primulaceae) for cure of diarrhea, constipation, asthma as well as hypertension. AimPresent research was focused to discover comprehensive mechanism of spasmogenic, spasmolytic, bronchorelaxant and hypotensive folkloric usage of Anagallis arvensis Linn.. MethodologyThe crude extract of Anagallis arvensis Linn. (Aa.Cr) & its (aqueous & organic) portions tested in-vitro on isolated jejunum, ileum, trachea, aorta, paired atria preparations as well as in-vivo in mice & normotensive anaesthetized rats. The responses have been noted by transducers (isotonic & isometric) coupled to Power Lab. ResultAnagallis arvensis Linn. (Aa.Cr; crude aqueous-alcoholic extract) produced contractile action at low concentrations but relaxant action was observed by increasing concentrations on spontaneous contractions of isolated jejunum of rabbit. But, pre-treatment of tissue with atropine prior extract caused suppression of contractile effect indicating presence of cholinergic muscarinic response of Aa.Cr. It also triggered relaxation of high Potassium -stimulated contractions of jejunum with subsequent non-parallel right move in Ca++ CRCs. Moreover, Aa.Cr relaxed carbachol - & high Potassium - stimulated contractions in trachea of rabbit but observed relaxant effect was powerful against CCh (1 μM)- stimulated contractions with rightside parallel move of CCh-curves succeeded by non-parallel move, like Dicyclomine, having dual activities. The Aa.Cr also showed relaxant result on Phenylephrine and High Potassium -prompted contractions in endothelium intact aorta. The fractionation revealed segregations of contractile & relaxant effects in relevant aqueous & organic portions. The Intravenous administration of Aa.Cr to ketamine-diazepam anaesthetized normo-tensive albino rats resulted in decreased MABP, SBP & DBP. The Aa.Cr applied negative (−) inotropic & chronotropic action on paired atria. The Aa.Cr also exhibited anti-diarrheal action in mice against castor oil prompted diarrhea and also mitigated distance covered by charcoal meal in gastrointestinal tract in a manner comparable with loperamide. ConclusionThese results revealed presence of CCB and selective muscarinic agonist activity in Aa.Cr, hence validating folkloric practice of Anagallis arvensis Linn. in diarrhea, constipation, asthma & hypertension.

The Cytotoxicity Effect for the Crude Extract of (Cyperus Esculentus) Tubers on Human Breast Cancer Cell Line (MCF-7) in Vitro

The study aimed to identify the aqueous and alcoholic extract of Cyperus esculentus tubers in affectinghuman breast cancer (MCF-7) Michigan Cancer Foundation,preliminary diagnosis chemical groups in theseextracts showed the presence of (Tannins, Terpenoids, Resins, Steroids, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Glycosidesand Phenols). The effect of cellular toxicity of crude aqueous and alcoholic extract of Cyperus esculentustubers in vitro was tested in human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) through the use of six concentrations(midterm scares) (31.25,62.5,125,250,500,1000 ) ?g /mL and for periods of exposure (24, 48, 72) hours.Using the MTT Test. The study found that there is a toxic effect of the crude aqueous and alcoholic extractsof the grain of Cyperus esculentus tubers in cancer cells (MCF-7) and of all the concentrations used, Thehighest percentage and a significant difference (P ?0.01) for the average of the inhibitory average of cancercell growth (IR) was 68, 73 (%) for the aqueous extract and alcoholic extract, respectively, at the highestconcentration of 1000 ?g / mL and after 72 hours of exposure.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cynodon Dactylon Aqueous and Aqua Alcoholic Extract

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cynodon Dactylon Aqueous and Aqua Alcoholic Extract

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of the Aqueous and Alcoholic Extracts of the Plant Citrus maxima Merr

Background: The resistance of pathogenic bacteria against synthetic drugs led scientists to conduct research on medicinal plants. The present study investigated the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the aqueous, methanol, and ethanol alcoholic extracts of the plant Citrus maxima Merr. (Syn. Citrus grandis) against some human pathogenic bacteria. Then, the presence of secondary metabolites was evaluated in vitro, including alkaloid, saponin, and tannin. Methods: The samples (i.e., root, stem, and seed) of C. maxima were collected at Babolsar, Mazandaran province, Iran. The agar well diffusion assay was used to determine antibacterial activity. In addition, several bacteria were applied based on the aim of the study, including Streptococcus pyogenes (PTCC1447), Bacillus subtilis (PTCC-1156), Bacillus cereus (PTCC-1247), Enterococcus faecalis (PTCC-1185), Micrococcus luteus (ATCC-10987), and Staphylococcus aureus (PTCC-1189). Further, some Gram-negative bacteria were used, encompassing Escherichia coli (ATCC-25922), Shigella boydi(-), Salmonella typhi (PTCC-1609), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PTCC-1181), Enterobacter aerogenes (PTCC-1221), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (PTCC-1139). Next, the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations were determined by the serial dilution method. Furthermore, free radical activity was identified by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. Moreover, the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were conducted by Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Finally, the phytochemical compounds were investigated as well. Results: The highest sensitivity was observed on M. luteus against the root methanol extract. Additionally, the total phenolic content of root, seed, and leaf was determined as 98.22, 89.66, and 77.51 (mgGA/g), respectively. Similarly, the flavonoid content was determined as 3.52, 3.43, and 3.56 (mgQ/g), respectively. In addition, the IC50 of the root, seed, leaf, and ascorbic acid were calculated as 0.129, 0.135, 0.113, and 0.109 mg mL-1, respectively. Eventually, the methanol extract of the leaf and root showed the presence of alkaloid, saponin, and tannin. Conclusions: In general, C. maxima is suggested for producing natural drugs with antibiotic properties in the pharmaceutical industry due to the presence of secondary metabolites in its different parts.

Stimulation of phenolic nature secondary metabolites biosynthesis in Echinacea purpurea L. Moench suspension cell cultures under influence yeast extract elisitors

Тhe ability of 50 ‒500 mg / L yeast extract as complex biotic elicitor to induce an increase in the accumulation of secondary phenolic metabolites in Echinacea purpurea L. Moench suspension cell cultures initiated from calli of leaf and root origin was studied. The yeast extract stimulating effect is more pronounced for a weakly aggregated suspension culture of leaf origin compared with a root origin culture of highly aggregated type. The increase of phenylpropanoids (2.5 times) and flavonoids (2.0 times) content in aqueous-alcoholic extracts from leaf culture as a result of 2-day exposure to 100 ‒500 mg/L of yeast extract correlates with their antiradical activity increase in model system for 2,2ʹ-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals inhibition. The exposure of suspension cell cultures of leaf and root origin in the presence of 250 ‒500 mg/L yeast extract leads 2.1‒2.7 and 1.2‒1.3 times increase L-phenylalanine ammonium lyase activity as key enzyme of phenolic compounds biosynthesis.

Polyphenols profile of pomegranate leaves and their role in green synthesis of silver nanoparticles

The current study reports on polyphenols profile of pomegranate leaves (PL) Punica granatum grown in Egypt and exhibiting their role in development of an eco-friendly method of green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). PL aqueous alcohol extract was fractionated, the major phenolic compound was isolated from the polyphenols rich fraction (ethyl acetate fraction) and identified by conventional and spectroscopic methods of analysis as ellagic acid. Furthermore, the fraction was standardized and analysed using UPLC-PDA-UV and LC–MS-MS techniques revealing tentative identification of 23 polyphenolic compounds, quantifying ellagic acid as 43.14 ± 0.57 μg/mg of the fraction. AgNPs were successfully synthesized with the aid of polyphenols rich fraction. This is the first report revealing the systematic optimization of the green synthesis process using various independent variables. AgNPs were characterized by adopting UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, and SEM, which revealed strong SPR band within average of λ max 425 nm and polygonal shaped nanoparticles of 26.22 nm size, respectively. The antimicrobial efficacies of AgNPs and polyphenols rich fraction were tested against Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Sarcina lutea), Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella paratyphi, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungi (Candida albicans). AgNPs showed a concentration-dependent activity against all the tested microorganisms.

ISOLATION OF MIRICETINE-CONTAINING FRACTIONS FROM LINOSYRIS VILLOSA PLANT AND THEIR APPLICATION AS ANTIANEMIC AGENT

With the development of chemistry, natural substances were actively supplanted from human life by chemical products. However, despite the enormous progress in this area, in recent decades, the problems of serious side effects of synthetic chemicals on the environment have become more and more pronounced. Methods of two-dimensional and one-dimensional paper chromatography, column adsorption chromatography, gas chromatography, and IR spectroscopy were used. The purpose of the article is to study the chemical composition of the Linosyris villosa plant by physicochemical methods of analysis. Creation of dosage forms based on it. The problem of the article is the search and creation of drugs based on the flora of Northern Kazakhstan. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the chemical composition and biological activity of the Linosyris villosa plant, growing in the territory of Northern Kazakhstan, is being studied for the first time. According to the results of the analysis, in 13% of patients the treatment effect is insignificant, and in 87% of patients there was an improvement in blood values (increase in hemoglobin, an increase in the number of red blood cells, almost all patients returned color index of blood), the number of white blood cells increased to normal, and the WBC differential improved. Therefore, the drug “Vitin”, an aqueous-alcoholic extract of the Linosyris villosa, is an effective drug for the treatment of patients with anemia of varying severity. The practical significance of the work is defined as follows: biologically active compounds from the Linosyris villosa plant were obtained for the purpose of studying and applying them in medicine and agriculture.

UPLC-ESI/MS/MS Profiling and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Gleditsia caspica

The Caspian Locust is the common name of Gleditsia caspica, a tree cultivated in the southern and western Caspian Sea in Russia and Iran. Herein, a qualitative characterization of the chemical constituents of Gleditsia caspica leaves extract using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass fragmentation (UPLC-ESI/MS/MS) analysis was performed revealing the presence of nine compounds: six flavonoids, one triterpenoid, one phytosterol, and one long chain ester. Six compounds were newly reported from Gleditsia caspica and two for the first time from genus Gleditsia. Moreover, the in-vivo anti-inflammatory activities of two different doses; 50 and 100 mg/kg of the aqueous-alcoholic extract of Gleditsia caspica leaves were evaluated in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model. The percentage of edema inhibition was calculated after 1, 2, 3, and 4 h of the administration showing a significant reduction in edema thickness in a dose and time-dependent manner compared to the control drug, indomethacin. These results put forward Gleditsia caspica extract as a potential natural anti-inflammatory agent with minimal side effects.

Антиоксидантные свойства экстрактов листьев и соцветий спиреи средней (<i>Spiraea media</i> Franz Schmidt) из флоры Республики Коми

Определена антиоксидантная активность водных и водно-спиртовых экстрактов листьев и соцветий Spiraea media из природной популяции (Усть-Куломский район, Республики Коми). Показано, что экстракты характеризуются высоким содержанием полифенолов (от 41,14 до 71,79 мг(GAE)/г сухой массы), которые являются важными природными антиоксидантами. Установлено, что водные экстракты соцветий и листьев обладали меньшей радикал-связывающей активностью (РСА), чем водно-спиртовые. При этом РСА водно-спиртового экстракта листьев была выше, чем РСА соцветий. Между РСА и количеством полифенолов в экстрактах обнаружена сильная корреляционная связь (r = – 0,80, p < 0,05). Для всех экстрактов показана хелатирующая активность (ХА), самая высокая у водных экстрактов листьев спиреи. Водно-спиртовый экстракт соцветий обладал большей ХА, чем водный экстракт.

Carbohydrate digestive enzymes are inhibited by Poincianella pluviosa stem bark extract: relevance on type 2 diabetes treatment

BackgroundThe stem bark aqueous alcohol extract of Poincianella pluviosa (PPSB extract) is rich in bioactives including gallic acid, gallic acid methyl ester, pyrogallol, ellagic acid, corilagin, 1,4,6-tri-O-galloyl-glucose, 1,2,3,6-tetra-O-galloyl-glucose, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-glucose, tellimagrandin I, tellimagrandin II, mallotinic acid, mallotusinic acid, and geraniin. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the PPSB extract as well as its inhibitory action on carbohydrate digestive enzymes relevant to type 2 diabetes.ResultsThe PPSB extract was prepared using a mixture of 40% ethanol and 60% distilled water. The PPSB extract showed high antioxidant activities and inhibited several carbohydrate digestive enzymes. The IC50 values for inhibiting in vitro salivary amylase, pancreatic amylase, intestinal β-galactosidase and intestinal invertase were, respectively, 250 ± 15, 750 ± 40, 25 ± 5, and 75 ± 8 μg/mL. In vivo inhibition of the intestinal starch absorption was confirmed by determination of blood glucose levels in rats before and after administration of starch by gavage with or without different amounts of PPSB extract. Docking simulations performed on three different programs to rank the extract compounds most likely to bind to porcine pancreatic α-amylase suggest that geraniin is likely to be the P. pluviosa extract compound that presents the greatest binding potential to the pancreatic alpha-amylase. However, the total inhibitory action of the PPSB extract is likely to result from a summation of effects of several molecules. Furthermore, the PPSB extract did not present acute toxicity nor did it present mutagenic effects.ConclusionIt can be concluded that the PPSB extract is potentially useful in controlling the postprandial glycaemic levels in diabetes. Further clinical studies with the extract are needed, however, to confirm its potential use in the management of type 2 diabetes.

Research of biologically active compounds of catalpa (Catalpa bignonioides Walt.)

Catalpa bignonioides Walt. (catalpa) the family Bignoniaceae – a tree, which originates from North America. Catalpa bark contains resins and tannins. Monoterpene glycosides were found in the leaf. Catalpa seeds contain up to 30% of eleostearic acid. Decoctions are made of the bark of the tree. They serve as a gastric agent and have an anthelmintic effect. Decoction of the bark exhibits bronchodilator action, is used in the complex treatment of cancer. The leaves are used to treat skin diseases. The infusion of fruits has anti-herpetic and hypoglycemic properties.
 The aim of the work is to investigate biologically active compounds of the leaves of catalpa bignini.
 The object of the study was the leaves of common catalpa harvested in the summer of 2018 in Sevastopol. Chemical identification reactions and methods of chromatographic analysis were used to determine the major groups of biologically active substances of the leaves of the catalpa (chromatographic paper Filtrak FN No. 4, Munktell, Czech Republic). Chromatography was performed in pre-selected solvent systems: n-butanol‒acetic acid‒water (BAW) (4:1:2) ‒ I direction and 15% acetic acid ‒ II direction. Identification reactions were performed with aqueous and aqueous-alcoholic extracts of catalpa leaves.
 The qualitative composition of the phenolic compounds was investigated by paper chromatography. The content of the sum of phenolic compounds, hydroxycyclic acids and flavonoids was determined by the spectrophotometric method. Based on the held reactions and chromatographic analysis, by the characteristic fluorescence in the filtered UV light before and after treatment with chromogenic reagents and the values of Rf in the raw material the presence of the following groups of biologically active substances were determined: flavonoids, phenol glycosides, hydroxycoric acids. According to the chromatographic analysis, at least 9 substances of phenolic nature have been detected in the alcohol-aqueous extracts.
 For the first time, the presence of the following groups of biologically active substances: hydroxycoric acids, phenologic glycosides, flavonoids was determined in the leaves of catalpa. Quantitative content of natural compounds in the leaves of common catalpa: the sum of phenolic compounds (4,76 ± 0,04%), of hydroxycoric acids (3,42 ± 0,02%), of flavonoids (1,88 ± 0,02%). The results of the study will be used in the development of the draft quality control methods for medicinal plant raw materials.

Two clerodane diterpenes isolated from Polyalthia longifolia leaves: comparative structural features, anti-histaminic and anti-Helicobacter pylori activities

Phytochemical studies of methylene chloride soluble fraction from the 70% aqueous-alcoholic extract of Polyalthia longifolia (leaves) resulted in the isolation of two known clerodane diterpenes, namely: 16α-hydroxycleroda-3,13(14)-dien-16,15-olide (1) and (4→2)-abeo-16-hydroxy-cleroda-2,13(14)-dien-15,16-olide-3-al (2). The isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-histaminic and anti-Helicobacter pylori activities. Compound 1 was more potent than 2 with IC50 29.7 μg/mL and 189.2 μg/mL in the anti-histaminic assay and MIC equals to 31.25 μg/mL and 125 μg/mL in the anti-H. pylori assay, as compared with diclofenac (IC50 = 17.9 μg/mL) and clarithromycin (MIC = 1.95 μg/mL), respectively. The differences in their structures, as well as their activity results, indicated important characteristic features necessary for activity. It was suggested that the decalin moiety in 1 was important for both activities. On the other hand, the (4→2)-abeo migration in 2 reduced both activities. The potent activities of 1 suggest its potential application as an anti-histaminic and antimicrobial agent.

Osborne extractability and chromatographic separation of protein from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) wholemeal

The composition of quinoa proteins has hardly been studied. We here applied an Osborne type extraction procedure. High protein yield and little protein denaturation was obtained with extraction (2x) with water followed by extraction (2x) with 0.4 mol/l sodium chloride. Albumins, globulins, prolamins and glutelins accounted for 41–50, 7–11, 4–6 and 14–16% of the total protein of four quinoa cultivars, respectively. Protein extracts were separated by size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) with a sodium dodecyl sulfate containing elution medium. Electrophoretic separation followed by mass spectrometry allowed identifying the proteins in the Osborne type extracts. Aqueous extracts contained different chloroplastic and cytoplasmic enzymes as well as legumin-like and vicilin-like proteins. Dilute salt extracts mainly contained legumin-like proteins. Aqueous alcohol extracts contained small proteins while dilute base extracts proteins were similar to those present in the aqueous and dilute salt extracts. In one cultivar, only the monomer of the 11S globulin seed storage protein 2-like was observed while the other cultivars studied also contained its acidic and basic subunits separately. This SE-HPLC method allows analyzing food processing induced changes in quinoa protein extractability and size distribution.

Exploring Chemical Structures From Cortex Lycii, Based on Manual and Automatic Analysis of the HPLC-Q-TOF-MS Data

Cortex Lycii, the root barks of Lycium barbarum and L. chinense, known as “di gu pi” in traditional Chinese herbal drugs, is an important ingredient of formulations used for treating a variety of diseases. During the last 3 decades, more than 70 chemical entities have been separated and purified from either the aqueous or aqueous ethyl alcohol extracts of Cortex Lycii. In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography together with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MS) was employed to explore new analog structures from aqueous ethyl alcohol extracts (50%, v/v), which led us to discover 4 new phenolic amides and a new cyclic peptide. The structure-based manual screening method, on the basis of the analysis of the fragmentation pathway of the previously known compounds, was used to make a preliminary analysis of the negative total ion chromatography and negative extract ion spectra. Three ions at m/ z 472.1, 314.1, and 445.2 were assigned to phenolic amides, and by further analysis of their MS/MS data, the structure of 1, corresponding to one of them ( m/ z 314.1), was illustrated as an analog of the known compound KN1. A parent ion at m/ z 856.1 was assigned to a cyclic peptide analog (2) in the manual analysis procedure. Furthermore, the MS/MS data were profiled on the Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking (GNPS, https://gnps.ucsd.edu/ProteoSAFe/static/gnps-splash.jsp ) workflow to weave a visualization molecular network. Three more new analog ions ( m/ z 604.3 [3], 597.3 [4], and 611.3 [5]) were found in the aggregation of KN5 and KN7, and their structures were all determined by comparisons with known compounds. This manual and networking automatic screening method may provide a sensitive and efficient procedure to facilitate the mining of novel trace components.

Antiulcer activity of Aqueous Alcoholic Extract of Leaves of Prenanthes Sarmentosus (AAPS) on Male Albino Rats

Antiulcer activity of Aqueous Alcoholic Extract of Leaves of Prenanthes Sarmentosus (AAPS) on Male Albino Rats