Situational Approach Research Articles

Pre-service teachers’ perceptions of data protection in primary education

The protection of personal data and privacy are important issues closely related to use of social media, information and communication technologies, and the Internet in the area of education. The treatment of academic information and use of tools and programs for instruction, communication, and learning have revealed the handling of a significant volume of personal data from different sources. It is essential to protect this information from possible privacy violations. This descriptive study, which is of transversal nonexperimental design, focuses on how 384 pre-service teachers’ enrolled in educational technology courses in their education programs view the protection of personal data. The goals are to describe and analyze how these teachers perceive the risks associated with protection of data on the Internet and what they know about protection of data in primary education. We administered a questionnaire within the framework of an educational activity that focused on digital competence in data protection in education. The results show a high perception of risk in topics such as accepting cookies when surfing the Internet or transferring banking information. The knowledge the students claim to have shown a lack of information on the protection of minors’ data in issues related to the development and schooling of primary school students, as well as their health, background, and family environment. Curricular treatment of these areas that includes content, practices on regulations, and adopts a situated, critical, and responsible approach in pre-service teacher education is recommended.

Cost and Return Analysis of Tomato Cultivation in Haryana

The study was carried out in Yamuna Nagar, Kurukshetra, and Karnal districts of Haryana during 2021-22. A total of 210 tomato growers were interviewed to collect data to study the thorough cost and return analysis of tomato cultivation. Tomato cultivation was a profitable venture for farmers with a BC ratio of 1: 1.86. The per hectare cost of cultivation was worked out to be Rs. 305701.14 of which major contributors were rental value of land (24.96%), picking/harvesting charges (15.44%), transportation (11.61%) and nursery raising/seed (5.74%). The gross return, return over variable cost and net return per hectare were Rs. 569528.28, 412210.72, and 263827.14 on an overall basis. The production cost per quintal of tomato was computed to be Rs. 707.23 per quintal. It was suggested that farmers should take tomato cultivation with a business and market-oriented approach to compete with the challenges of the glut situation and opt cooperative approach in the production and selling of crops to avail maximum profit by reducing the cost of inputs and transportation and ultimately improving bargaining and negotiating power for better price availing.

ПРОЦЕСИ В УПРАВЛІННІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВОМ

The article considers a set of terms used in management to reflect a management approach based on the general theory of processes. Ukrainian scientists use the terms "process" and "business process" interchangeably in scientific research on this topic. Taking into account the existing proposals regarding the delimitation of the above, it is proposed to understand business processes as a type of processes that should be separated to denote processes that result in economic values and social effects and that collectively reflect the economic activity of the business entity. Business processes are divided to reflect the system of processes occurring in the enterprise as objects of different levels of management. It is proposed to differentiate the terms depending on the level of the management object. The term "process approach to management" or "process-oriented approach to management" is used to denote the approach to enterprise management. A key feature of this approach is the use of the term "process" to reflect the entire set of processes occurring at the enterprise. This approach extends not only to the display of the management object as a set of processes ("process management"). On the basis of systems theory, it is also possible to structure the management system itself, that is, management influence. In this case, it is appropriate to talk about "process-structured management". At the same time, the smallest object of management in the process approach to management should be considered a specific process of a certain orientation. The term "process management" or, more often, "business process management" is used to denote management activities related to it. To use a managerial approach, it is important to be aware of the relationship between the terms "project" and "process". Projects can and should be used within process, functional, situational or system approaches. Their feature is that they should be used to solve important, but one-time unique tasks. At the same time, it is incorrect and inappropriate to consider the business process as a component of a certain project impractical.

Методы преподавания управленческих дисциплин

The article analyzes experience in teaching management disciplines. The issues of necessity for teaching historical, systemic, situational, personnel and other approaches are considered in detail. The necessity for studying components of noosphere, synergetics and other new theories focused on solving management problems in the future is substantiated. Delivery methods for lectures and seminars, as well as knowledge assessment methods in tests and exams have been studied. It is concluded that the proposed methods can significantly increase classes effectiveness.

Evangelical Black Activism in Brazil - Political Liminality and Situational Configuration ,

Evangelical black activism exists in Brazil since the 1970s. Its current public reemergence, however, is still under-explored in the social sciences. Moreover, part of the specialized literature has recently characterized this activism as incomplete – since its actors are considered to be ‘rejecting African inheritances’ – and advocates that black and evangelical identities are incompatible. Differing from this perspective, this article shows how evangelicals participate in the public problematization of racism; it proposes to address this issue with a non-essentialist approach in three arguments: 01. evangelical black activism has reemerged publicly; 02. actors configure their religious and racial identities according to the problematic situations and public arenas in which they engage, which requires scholars to adopt a situated and relational approach to this form of activism; 03. the ways in which they reemerge and configure their identities are conditioned by the politically liminal situation of evangelical black actors and, consequently, by their need to acquire the status of a legitimate social movement and legitimate evangelicals. This article presents partial results of a research effort conducted between 2019 and 2021, in which qualitative research methods and techniques were used, such as direct and participant observation (in São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Pernambuco), semi-directed interviews, document analysis, and social media monitoring.

Etički i pravni aspekti odnosa s javnošću

Public Relations (PR), a significant component of the media industry, also represents a management function that helps establish and maintain beneficial connections between the organization and various stakeholders. The evolution of the public relations profession is commonly perceived as a qualitative shift from the unethical practices that dominated several decades since the 1920s to strategically and ethically conducted campaigns in contemporary business. However, when considering the practice of PR in the first decades of the 21st century, numerous concerns arise regarding ethical dilemmas, conflicts, and, consequently, the ethical decision-making process. The main objective of this paper is to offer an overview of ethics and its development in PR. The application of ethical principles based on utilitarian, deontological, situational and virtue approaches is discussed. This study also analyzes the most frequently encountered ethical problems in contemporary PR practice. Finally, the paper delves into some models of the ethical decision-making process and discusses the legal consequences of PR.

ВПЛИВ МАРКЕТИНГОВОГО ЦІНОУТВОРЕННЯ НА ПОВЕДІНКУ СПОЖИВАЧІВ

The psychological aspects of consumer behavior were studied, taking into account the influence of the principles of marketing pricing. Various types of consumer behavior on the market and factors affecting it during the purchase of goods are considered. It is noted that the importance of price as a factor in making a purchase decision among consumers is quite high. In the perception of a significant share of consumers, price is an indicator of the quality of a product or service. The higher the buyer's income level, the more often he believes that price is directly related to quality. The considered features of the attitude of consumers to changes in the price level indicate that, depending on the nature of needs, the goals of purchasing products, the motivation of behavior, the level of supply and the influence of other factors, their behavior on the market may manifest itself in different ways. However, there is a certain sequence in these actions, which requires a study of the nature of its manifestation of actions in the process of making a decision by the consumer regarding the purchase of the product and its further implementation. Coordination of the general offer of the enterprise with the requirements of buyers for the quality of goods and their prices is the basis of its success in the sale of products. Taking this into account, the algorithm for forming a consumer's purchase decision when the company's price level changes has been improved. When adjusting the price level, special attention should be given to determining the degree of consumer satisfaction with the company's products, to studying the dynamics and forecasting the level of market prices for similar types of products, to studying competition trends in the market, to analyzing the dynamics of product sales volumes and profits. At the same time, it should focus on ensuring competitive advantages in the market with the help of a new price. The main psychological methods of marketing pricing are described. It is noted that in order to achieve higher efficiency, enterprises need to combine pricing methods, applying a complex situational approach.

Learning from past coevolutionary processes to envision sustainable futures: Extending an action situations approach to the Water-Energy-Food nexus

Despite near-global consensus on the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Climate Agreement, unresolved and politically contentious trade-offs have undermined implementation. One exemplary case facing difficult trade-offs are Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus cases. Here, we extend the nascent ‘Social-Ecological Action Situations’ framework to analyse past coevolution of WEF nexus cases (or other social-ecological systems) to envision possible futures where trade-offs are equally considered and minimized. We illustrate the value of the approach for a WEF nexus case in Switzerland with upstream hydropower reservoirs, water-bound biodiversity, and emerging downstream agricultural irrigation needs. The proposed solution-oriented, transformative approach goes beyond existing frameworks by analysing past coevolution of the intertwined system to build system understanding and to envision a future with concrete policies that would result in a higher adaptive capacity of the system and a compromise within the WEF nexus. We argue that this perspective helps to devise policies to address trade-offs in WEF nexus cases and thereby to tackle global crises.

Strategic tools of business adaptation in the conditions of martial law

In modern conditions of the need to adapt business to the conditions of bifurcation, the role of the implementation of the main principles of management, first of all, the ability to adapt to rapid changes in the environment, as well as the situational approach to management, which is the ability to respond adequately and promptly to existing and new threats to the normal business activity The instability of the economic environment during the martial law, the appearance of qualitatively new problems necessitates a theoretical study and substantiation of practical recommendations to ensure the adaptation capabilities of Ukrainian enterprises. Studying the theoretical background of enterprise adaptation, it is possible to single out two conceptual approaches to its semantics and morphological interpretation, namely: instruments of state support and effective implementation of instruments of corporate social responsibility as one of the main directions of ensuring the functioning of not only business, but also solving certain tasks of territorial management under time of martial law. The study was based on the use of: method of comparison, generalization – to clarify and formalize the essence of the concept, graphoanalytical method – to provide clarity of the material and schematic representation of a number of theoretical and practical provisions of the study.

The governance of forest carbon in a subnational climate mitigation system: insights from a network of action situations approach

The governance of forest carbon in a subnational climate mitigation system: insights from a network of action situations approach

АСПЕКТЫ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ ПЛАНА ПЕРЕВОЗОК ГРУЗОВ ПОМАШИННЫМИ ОТПРАВКАМИ В ГОРОДАХ, СОЗДАННОГО ПРИ РЕШЕНИИ ТРАНСПОРТНОЙ ЗАДАЧИ ЛИНЕЙНОГО ПРОГРАММИРОВАНИЯ

The results of solving the transport problem of linear programming, as well as possible situations for solving the routing problem, are considered. A situational approach to the implementation of plans for the transportation of goods obtained by the method of combined matrices was used. It is concluded that the transportation plan obtained by solving the transport problem of linear programming in modern practice of economic activity, when participants in the transport process have different forms of ownership, cannot be organized within the framework of the methods of or-ganizing cargo transportation considered in this paper.

Parental Involvement With Early Adolescents: Variations Related to the Gender in Rural and Urban Areas

The current study addressed the variations of parental involvement according to the home location and the gender of adolescents, considering the mother’s education. Through a cross-sectional design, variations in parental involvement were analyzed with 1,079 mothers and their adolescents between 11 and 14 years old (mean age = 12.88, SD = 0.98) in Colombia, registering the home location, gender of adolescents, educational level of mothers, and the perceived parental involvement at home and at school. The data were analyzed through a multivariate general linear model and multiple linear regression. In the results, there were no significant differences in direct effects of home location and gender of adolescents in involvement, but they were found in the interaction, where less parental involvement of mothers is dedicated to girls in urban areas compared with girls in rural areas and boys in urban areas. It was possible to establish that the interaction between variables seems to be related to the educational level of the mothers. The findings supported a situated approach to parental involvement in the case of mothers, where factors associated with parents and adolescents are relevant in specific settings.

Networks of action situations in point-source pollution: the case of winery wastewater in Aragon, Spain

In this article, we offer an analysis of point-source water pollution governance in the European agri-food sector. Specifically, we tackle the case study of the wine industry in Aragon (Spain) through the lenses of the networks of action situations approach. We unveil key strategic decisions of wine producers in relation to compliance with water discharge regulations and explore the feasibility and effectiveness of potential solutions. According to our quantitative and qualitative analyses, the problem of peak load discharges in the sector can be explained by the strategic behavior of wine producers in the context of enforcement deficits, as well as by particularities of the wine production process, and controversies around the construction and management of public treatment plants. Coordination among wine producers and public treatment plant managers to invest in in-house treatment infrastructure or to smooth discharges out so they fit the capacity of treatment plants would be a promising solution; however, economic incentives and tightened enforcement of discharge regulations would also be necessary.Graphical abstract

ПОРІВНЯЛЬНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА LEAN- ТА AGILE-МЕТОДОЛОГІЇ УПРАВЛІННЯ ЛАНЦЮГАМИ ПОСТАВОК В УМОВАХ НЕВИЗНАЧЕНОСТІ

The article identifies the main challenges in supply chain management in 2023. Factors influencing the choice and application of Lean / Agile methodology were also analyzed, their differences were outlined, and a Lean / Agile matrix was constructed, which can be used in supply chain management depending on the characteristics of supply and demand. It is reasoned that as a result, it will enable organizations to optimize operations, reduce costs, improve quality and increase customer satisfaction in a dynamic and competitive business environment. It is also important to understand how lean thinking and the agility method can strengthen and optimize the efforts of business structures in the field of digital transformation. The future of logistics is expected to be shaped by various trends and developments. The key aspects that can determine the future of logistics and the specifics of supply chain management are characterized. The main of them are: automation and robotics; artificial intelligence and machine learning; Internet of Things (IoT); sustainable business practices and green logistics; blockchain technology; customer orientation. The expediency of future implementation of a combined (hybrid) supply chain management methodology ("LEAGILE strategy"), which is a combination of both lean and agile supply chain management, is asserted. Speaking of synergy, combining Lean and Agile methodologies in supply chains can lead to the best results by leveraging the strengths of both approaches. Lean focuses on eliminating waste and increasing efficiency, while Agile emphasizes flexibility and the ability to respond to customer demands. By integrating these two approaches, organizations can achieve a balance between cost reduction and customer satisfaction. Some ways to combine Lean and Agile in supply chains for best results are outlined: 1. Demand-driven manufacturing; 2. Cross-functional collaboration; 3. Continuous improvement; 4. Partnership with suppliers; 5. Technology integration; 6. Flexibility in production; 7. Customer-oriented approach. It is worth implementing a situational approach to choosing a supply chain management methodology in conditions of uncertainty, taking into account the nature of demand, the product life cycle, marketing goals, etc.

Performance Comparison of TR and FSRUWB System Using Particle Filter: Effects of Frequency, Data Rate, Multi-Path and Multi-Channel Communication

In this study, we introduced a novel scheme based on Transmitted References (TR) and Frequency Shifted Reference (FSR) for ultra-wideband (UWB) system. By taking into account tracking loop-based particle filtering together with a data collecting approach for single and multi-path channel situations, the suggested method is an enhanced model. Each particle's location is determined using this filtering technique, which is then utilised to calculate the timing inaccuracy and regulate the UWB system's timing pulse. Also, it can tackle the multimodal distribution of errors then effectively approximate the optimal solution. The data distribution is discretised via a number of particles that are weighted samples evolving concerning time duration. The simulation results show that, in terms of error rate, number of particles, and delay response, the recommended model of FSR-UWB with particle filter performs better than the TR-UWB with and without considering particle filter.

The Power and Place Collaborative: Participatory Strategies for Scaling

To challenge unidirectional, colonizing, and capitalist frameworks of scaling systems change, this article offers alternative strategies for design practitioners, educators, and researchers interested in diverse forms of scaling change across complex social systems. In particular, the article analyzes a participatory and transdisciplinary approach to systemic design practice and education that illustrates the process and benefits of scaling across, deep, in, scree, and long. The Power and Place Collaborative is a community-first, equity-centered, emergent, and situated educational approach to designing complex social systems change. An analysis of the Collaborative’s dynamic processes, activities, and relationships provides a case study on the possibility of imagining, creating, and sustaining community partnerships that scale meaningful change at multiple levels and in diverse contexts. Drawing upon data collected from a mixed-method explanatory inquiry project, this article describes strategies for intentionally designing systems of change that can be scaled in multiple ways, including building relationships, transforming mental models, and co-creation of responses to complex problems. Design professionals seeking to develop assessment plans that capture the emergent, embodied, relational, and situated nature of systemic design and its outcomes will likely find this study’s longitudinal, mixed methods research approach to be an instructive disruption of conventional inquiry processes.

Демаркация идентичности: проблема сохранения суверенитета индивида в цифровом пространстве

Introduction. In the digital age, the individual becomes the bearer and victim of an ambivalent and labile individual identity: a real identity, as an expression of one's own individuality, including personal, group, professional, gender, ethnic, civil, and a virtual identity, as a user of an information resource with an individual digital code. Today, a universal era of active imitation of real life is being formed, the construction of an anonymous individual based on a total upgrade of his identification codes. Theoretical basis of the study. Based on the identification and analysis of individual identity in the digital space, the conceptualization of various approaches to characterizing identity was carried out. It is expressed in the fact that the situational approach characterizes a theoretical construction that describes the ability of a person to form his identity in various situations and, in order to preserve his individuality, deviate from the general norms of group behavior; the intersubjective approach defines the unique place of the individual, his awareness as a consequence of internalization in the existing symbolic organization of the group; the structural-functional approach explicates a fixed set of attributions of an individual, which include his personal traits, functional characteristics and motivational structure. Results and its discussion. In the digital environment, the identification constructs of the individual are reproduced as some instrumental matrices or original operational models of everyday and social communication, models of relationships and interconnections in the plurality of social worlds. At the same time, reflecting social reality, the individual forms his attitude towards it according to the identification construct, and realizing his actions according to these matrices and models, the individual creates a part of reality itself, changes it, transforms it. Considering that an identification construct can be a purposefully formed or involuntarily emerging way of reflecting the reality that dominates an individual, it can be represented as a pragmatic-target result of a direct impact on the subject of an artificially constructed environment (manipulation), or as a consequence of a rational attitude to social reality in the form of a product of social experiences and social feelings determined by the principles and rules of the dominant reality.

Psychological analysis of the life situation of adolescents with orthopedic diseases

BACKGROUND: The situational approach is a promising direction in the study of the determinants of mental development and behaviors in modern psychological research. This study considered the possibility of using a situational approach in the study of psychological problems of children and adolescents with orthopedic diseases and discussed the objective and subjective characteristics of the life situation associated with orthopedic diseases and surgical treatment.
 AIM: The study aimed to examine the peculiarities of life situations in adolescents with various orthopedic diseases.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved adolescents aged 1217 years diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis (n = 54) and juvenile chronic arthritis (n = 44) and healthy adolescents (n = 43). Clinicalpsychological and psychodiagnostic methods were used. Mathematical and statistical data processing was carried out.
 RESULTS: The life situation of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis and juvenile chronic arthritis was characterized by events that cause traumatic experiences. Objective factors of the life situation and traumatic life events presented in the mental picture of the disease of adolescents agree with the pronounced emotional problems of patients with orthopedic diseases. Compared with healthy adolescents, adolescents with orthopedic diseases had higher general index of PTS, which indicates a pronounced subjective difficulty of the life situation of adolescents with orthopedic diseases. The results are confirmed by the severity of the subjective negative emotional reactions to certain characteristics of the disease. The objective and subjective characteristics of the life situation of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis and juvenile chronic arthritis may determine the degree of difficulty and the degree of risk in the occurrence of emotional trauma for illness, hospitalization, and treatment.
 CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the life difficulties of adolescents with orthopedic diseases can improve the prediction of behavioral problems and adaptation opportunities in hospital settings and provide timely psychological assistance to adolescents with severe orthopedic diseases, taking into account situational variables.

A Cultural Approach to Understanding Publics and their Information Behaviors during COVID-19: Self-Construal and Identity Salience

ABSTRACT Integrating the situational and cross-situational approaches to understanding publics, this study examined cultural antecedents (self-construal and political identity salience) to situational perceptions (problem recognition, involvement recognition, constraint recognition), situational motivation, and key information behavior regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. Results from an online survey (N = 556) showed that political identity salience and interdependent self-construal triggered publics’ situational perceptions, which in turn activated their situational motivation and information forwarding behaviors. The study contributed to public research through examining important cultural influences on value-laden and polarized issues and revealing additional nuances in communicative activeness.

Understanding the governance of sustainability pathways: hydraulic megaprojects, social–ecological traps, and power in networks of action situations

To enable sustainability pathways, we need to understand how social–ecological systems (SES) respond to different governance configurations, considering their historical, institutional, political, and power conditions. We advance a robust methodological approach for the integrated analysis of those conditions in SES traps. Our advancement consists of a novel combination of the networks of action situations approach with an agency-based polycentric power typology and the concept of discursive power. We test the approach by building on previous research on the Doñana estuary–delta SES (Guadalquivir estuary), which is characterized by a rigidity trap in the context of ecosystem and water governance. Specifically, we focus on a recent hydraulic megaproject involving deep dredging in the Guadalquivir estuary, finally canceled due to its broad negative socioeconomic and environmental repercussions. According to our analysis, certain governance, institutional, and informational mechanisms currently prevent further SES degradation in Doñana. However, key governance actors are caught in a lasting coordination failure prone to mutual defection strategies owing to power dynamics and discursive-institutional inertia. Although seemingly stable due to counteractive mechanisms among actors, this situation is at continuous risk of being unbalanced by powerful actors promoting large SES interventions such as deep dredging. Such interventions bear the systemic risk of strong suppression of SES functions, and a regime shift to a lock-in trap. This overall undesirable situation might be escaped through transformative policy designs that take into account meso-level mechanisms, such as discursive power and its role in non-decision-making, pragmatic inaction, and inefficient investment and infrastructure.