Appearance Management Behavior Research Articles

남성 화장품 관련 연구 동향 분석을 통한 코로나19 펜데믹 이후 소비시장 변화 대응 방안

This study analyzes the research trends related to male cosmetics conducted from 2000 to 2022. The purpose is to suggest countermeasures in the men's cosmetics market in the future based on changes in the consumer market brought by the COVID-19 pandemic. Among a total of 230 papers on men's cosmetics from 2000 to 2022, 39 papers, excluding 191 papers that are not provided online, papers that are not related to the subject of this study, and papers extracted in duplicate, were collected. While analyzing the paper, women's risk perception and changes in the cosmetics consumption culture are frequently discussed, studies on men's risk perception and cosmetics consumption patterns are insufficient. As a result of the analysis, the cosmetics market is changing from offline to online, and the proportion of online distribution channels is expected to increase rapidly due to COVID-19, so it is required to revitalize the cosmetics industry through online channel diversification. In addition, it is required to develop functional cosmetics and provide information so that men can manage their appearance more easily by providing information on men's skin types and identifying the motives and purposes of men's appearance management behavior.

Mediating Role of Physical Confidence in the Relations between Leisure Activities and Appearance Management of Active Seniors

Purpose: This study explores the causal relationship between active seniors’ participation in physical leisure activities on their appearance management attitude and behavior and verifies the mediating effect of physical confidence.Methods: The study subjects were in their 50s or older and had participated in physical leisure activities. In total, 215 data were used for the analysis. Additionally, single regression analysis, multiple regression analysis, and bootstrapping-based mediating effect verification were performed.Results: The hedonic participation motive of leisure activities had a significant effect on physical confidence and appearance management attitude. However, the practical participation motive had no significant effect. Moreover, the mediating role of physical confidence in the path of hedonic participation motivation on appearance management attitude was verified. Finally, the appearance management attitude had a significant positive relationship with all appearance management behavior.Conclusion: This study is academically significant in that it explores the relationship between leisure activities and beauty in the era of super-aging, where successful aging has become increasingly important. Additionally, it offers useful data for senior marketing in the leisure and beauty industries.

Beautify the blurry self: Low self‐concept clarity increases appearance management

AbstractThe current research examines how and why self‐concept clarity (i.e., having self‐aspects that are integrated into a well‐defined whole) shapes consumers' appearance management behaviors. Five (including four pre‐registered) studies and one supplemental study provide correlational and causal evidence for the link between low self‐concept clarity and appearance management (e.g., choice of appearance‐enhancing products, interest in cosmetic procedures, and beauty filters). Furthermore, we demonstrate that public self‐consciousness mediates this effect (Studies 3–4). We also find convergent process‐by‐moderation evidence that low self‐concept clarity increases appearance management only when the appearance management behavior is perceived to be socially acceptable (Study 5). In addition, we rule out global and appearance self‐esteem, private self‐consciousness, self‐improvement, and mood management as potential mechanisms. This research extends the literature on self‐concept, impression management, and appearance management and yields implications for beauty marketing, health communication, and consumer well‐being.

The Effects of Appearance Management Behavior on Self-Determination of Female Workers in Their 30s through Happiness

To understand the mediating effects of happiness on the relation between appearance management behavior and self-determination of female workers in their 30s, this study conducted a survey for 34 days from August 5<sup>th</sup> to September 7<sup>th</sup> 2021. Using the SPSS v.23.0 Program for the data analysis, this study analyzed the Cronbach's α value to verify the reliability, and also conducted the correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and mediation regression analysis. First, the appearance management behavior had effects on happiness. Second, in the effects of appearance management behavior on self-determination, the appearance interest management of appearance management behavior had positive(+) effects on the relationship, and the appearance styling management of appearance management behavior had positive(+) effects on the competence, which verified the effects of appearance management behavior on self-determination. Third, in the effects of happiness on self-determination, the external happiness had effects on the relationship, and the internal happiness and external happiness in order had effects on the competence, which verified the effects of happiness on self-determination. Fourth, the mediating effects of happiness on the relation between appearance management behavior and self-determination were empirically verified. Based on such results of this study, the appearance management behavior would be needed for female workers in their 30s to enhance their self-determination, and the self-expression would increase the efficiency of psychological happiness, which would be helpful for marketing activities of the beauty industry in the future.

The Effect of Self-Efficacy of Those in Their 30s and 40s for Public Value on the Appearance Management Behaviors

Purpose: Women in their 30s and 40s are most active in terms of their professional life, and it may be said that the public value of social activities is quite large. Self-efficacy for the public value influences interpersonal rela-tionships in professional life and is also an important factor manifested through the appearance management behaviors. The purpose of this study is to examine and understand the effect of self-efficacy on the appearance management behaviors for the women in their 30s and 40s. Method: In this study, a total of 577 copies were used for the final statistical analysis data. For the question-naire’s questions for the development of the scale of this study, a survey method was used for the women in their 30s and 40s for an empirical study. Self-efficacy was used as three factors of physical self-efficacy, social self-efficacy, and task difficulty preference, and appearance management behavior was used as five factors of cosmet-ic management, skin care, weight management, hair care, and clothing management. Results: First, among the sub-factors of self-efficacy among the women in their 30s and 40s, and as for the physical self-efficacy and social self-efficacy, it turned out that there was a significant negative (-) correlation concerning skin care , hair care and clothing care among the appearance management behaviors. Among the sub-factors of self-efficacy, and as for the preference for the level of task related difficulty, it turned out that there is a significant positive (+) correlation concerning plastic management and weight management among the appearance management behaviors. Second, as for the effect of self-efficacy on weight control among the appearance management behaviors, so-cial self-efficacy and the preference for the level of task-related difficulty turned out to have statistically significant effects. Among the appearance management behaviors, and as for clothing management, it turned out that there was a statistically significant effect for physical self-efficacy, social self-efficacy and the preference for the level of task related difficulty. The rest of the factors did not turn out to be significant. Conclusion: As the women s social activities have increased, the public value socially speaking has increasingly grown, and it is considered that it is very important for women to take care of their appearance Therefore, it is expected that this study will examine women s self-efficacy and well understand women s interest, so that they can be well-activated in the marketing of the beauty market and the fashion market.

Effects of Physical and Psychological Characteristics and Need for Appearance Management on Appearance Management Behavior and Quality of Life in Middle-aged Men

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of physical and psychological characteristics of middle-aged men and the need for appearance management on related behaviors and quality of life. Based on this, we provide primary data so that middle-aged men can experience a healthy and wonderful middle age. This study surveyed middle-aged men for 31 days from April 28, 2021, to May 28, 2021. A total of 328 copies were collected and used for final analysis. As a result of the analysis, the higher the psychological anxiety, the higher the interest in appearance management behavior. Also, the more they felt the need for psychological and physical management, the higher their interest in appearance and appearance management behavior. It was found that these respondents were taking care of their appearance to improve their quality of life. It is hoped that research will continue in the future, and these follow-up studies will be able to determine the physical and psychological impact of overall lifestyles.

Why are style subscriptions popular with Gen-Y men? An implicit theory perspective

PurposeThe primary purpose of this study was to investigate Gen-Y men's implicit beliefs, perceptions of their appearance and apparel styling, degree of fashion involvement, novelty seeking behavior and attitudes/intention toward the new style subscription box retail model.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was used to collect data from adult men who were born between 1977 and 1994 residing in the USA. For data analyses, SPSS and AMOS were utilized for preliminary analysis and hypotheses testing with the structural equation modeling approach.FindingsThe findings of this research demonstrated that Gen-Y men's appearance management behaviors are guided by their innate mindsets or implicit theories, which further influenced their perceptions toward fashion and style subscriptions. Although Gen-Y men's degree of fashion involvement did not have a significant influence on their attitudes, this study found that their novelty seeking behavior positively influenced their attitudes and thus their intention to use style subscription box retail.Originality/valueTo the researchers' knowledge, this study is the first to explore the role of innate mindsets among male consumers in the Gen-Y group in the context of style subscription box retail. Therefore, the findings of the research will add theoretically grounded insights by linking the research area of the style subscription box retail and implicit theory appearance, as well as provide marketing strategies for style subscription box retailers.

An Analysis of the Appearance Management Behavior of Generation MZ in the Post-Corona Era

Purpose: This study focused on generation MZ and the changes in their appearance management behavior following the outbreak of COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to design a paradigm model for the beauty behavior of Generation MZ after the spread of COVID-19.Methods: In-depth interviews among qualitative research techniques were used to examine the changes in the in-depth behavior and psychology of Generation MZ following the outbreak of COVID-19.Results: Generation MZ consumes cosmetics and set appearance management behaviors—along with the use of cosmetics as beauty routines—to solve beauty concerns caused by situational factors (such as COVID-19), thereby expressing an individual’s ideal appearance. Following COVID-19, Generation MZ had a variety of beauty concerns that differed from those prior to the outbreak. To solve these concerns, Generation MZ made changes, such as focusing on skincare and simplifying beauty routines. Following the conclusion of COVID-19, Generation MZ is planning appropriate levels of appearance management behavior, in consideration of the pre- and post-COVID-19 era.Conclusion: The appearance management behavior of Generation MZ has changed significantly since the COVID-19 outbreak. Detailed behavioral psychology has transformed as new beauty concerns have arisen following the spread of the virus. Therefore, it is necessary to plan a new cosmetics development and marketing strategy to satisfy the needs of Generation MZ during the pandemic.

Relationship between Body Dissatisfaction and Appearance Management behavior in Mass Media Pressure: Focused on the University Students in Gwangju

This study investigated the Mass Media Pressure on body dissatisfaction and Appearance Management behavior. It also examined the effects of body dissatisfaction on Appearance Management behavior. The results found the following, First, in the hypothesis ‘Mass media pressure would have a positive influence on body dissatisfaction’, as media influence increased, respondents were more dissatisfied with their appearance. Second, Second, in the hypothesis ‘Mass Media Pressure would have a positive effect on appearance management behavior’, as media influence increased, ance management behavior, such as hairstyling and make-up. Third, in the hypothesis ‘Body Dissatisfaction would have a positive influence on appearance management behavior’, as Body Dissatisfaction increased, respondents were more interested in appearance management behaviors. The above results confirm that sociocultural pressure perceived by university students, including mass media, have a considerable effect on their body dissatisfaction and that such dissatisfaction affects appearance management behavior.

The relationship between the behavioral factors of job-seeking stress, the job competency improvement behaviors, and the behavior of appearance management: Focused on the University Students in Gwangju

This study investigated the behavioral factors of job-seeking stress on job competency improvement behaviors and Appearance Management behavior. It also examined the effects of job competency improvement behavior on Appearance Management behavior. The results found the following: First, in the hypothesis that ‘The behavioral factors of job-seeking stress will have a positive effect on job competency improvement behavior , as the influence of job-seeking stress increased, respondents behavior to improve job ability also increased. Second, in the hypothesis that ‘The behavioral factors of job-seeking stress will have a positive effect on appearance management behavior , as the influence of job-seeking stress increased, the behavior to improve the appearance management behavior of respondents also increased. Third, in the hypothesis that ‘job competency improvement behavior will have a positive effect on appearance management behavior , appearance management behavior also improved as job competency improved. The above results confirm that the behavioral factors of job-seeking stress by university students, have a considerable effect on their Job Competency Improvement Behaviors and that such affects appearance management behavior.

The Effect of Regional Body Satisfaction on Appearance Interest of Female University Students in Vietnam

The recent economic affluence in Vietnam is leading to a growing interest in beauty. Especially, beauty-related industries, including cosmetic brands, beauty shops and spas are developing, beauty products are becoming more diversified and the interest in appearance is growing. Therefore, this study aims to examine Vietnamese female university students’ interest in physical appearance and the real state of their appearance management behaviors. As for the conclusion of the effect of regional body satisfaction on appearance interest, it can be seen that the higher the satisfaction with the face, the higher the interest in appearance in the northern region. In the central region, higher satisfaction with skin and face means higher interest in appearance. In the southern region, the higher the satisfaction with height, abdomen, weight, and upper body, the higher the interest in appearance. These results can serve as basic data for understanding of the consumer market and analysis of the consumer class in the beauty industry by showing aesthetic consciousness and appearance management behaviors of Vietnamese female university students, who are central consumers of the beauty industry. It is considered there is a need to analyze consumption behaviors, including consumption patterns of Vietnamese female university students in more detail, and further studies on aesthetic consciousness and appearance management behavior patterns among more various types of subjects should be carried out for application to the present beauty industry.

Triple Mediating Effect of Appearance Satisfaction, Body Image and Hope in the Relationship between Appearance Management Behavior and Happiness

The purpose of this study is to verify the triple mediating effect of appearance satisfaction, body image, and hope in the relationship between appearance management behavior and happiness in 234 adults working in highway rest areas nationwide. Data analysis was performed using SPSS PC+ 25.0 and SPSS PROCESS macro3.5, and triple mediating effect analysis was performed using frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and bootstrap analysis: This study was conducted to verify the triple mediating effect of appearance satisfaction, body image and hope in the relationship between appearance management behavior and happiness. The conclusions of the study are as follows. First, in the correlation analysis between the major variables, there were mostly significant positive correlations between appearance management behavior, appearance satisfaction, body image, hope, and happiness, but there was no correlation between body image and happiness or appearance satisfaction and happiness. Second, appearance management behavior had a significant positive effect on appearance satisfaction, appearance satisfaction had a significant positive effect on body image, body image had a significant positive effect on hope, and hope had a significant positive effect on happiness. Thus, appearance satisfaction, body image, and hope had a triple mediating effect in the relationship between appearance management behavior and happiness. As described above, few studies have dealt with this precise issue, and the discussion of these relationships needs to be expanded. Our results imply that improving one's appearance through various behaviors in order to appear more beautiful to others leads to changes in appearance and increased satisfaction with appearance. Thus, appearance management behavior not only changes one's appearance, but also results in positive psychological changes. In the end, such changes may promote happiness. The results of this study can be used as a new model for happiness improvement through appearance management behavior in office workers.

Moderating Effects of Educational Levels on the Relationship between Feminism Inclination and Appearance Management Behavior

This study purpose was investigates the effects of women's feminism on their appearance management behavior and analyzes the moderating effects of their education level between them, providing basic data to offer beauty services fit for the flow of the times. For this purpose, the investigator conducted an online survey with 580 adult women across the nation and collected data was analyzed with the SPSS 23.0 program in the general characteristics of subjects, descriptive statistics, reliability and correlations among the variables. Hypothetical models were examined in fitness and tested with the AMOS 21.0 program to build a final model. Multiple group analysis was performed to examine moderating effects according to education level. Stronger feminism had negative effects on the appearance management behavior of adult women and that the feminism had greater impacts on appearance management behavior according to a higher educational level. The findings of the study have huge implications for the current situation in which the Escape the Corset movement, which is to refuse pressure on women for their appearances, is observed among the public.

Moderating Effects of Educational Levels on the Relationship between Feminism Inclination and Appearance Management Behavior

This study purpose was investigates the effects of women's feminism on their appearance management behavior and analyzes the moderating effects of their education level between them, providing basic data to offer beauty services fit for the flow of the times. For this purpose, the investigator conducted an online survey with 580 adult women across the nation and collected data was analyzed with the SPSS 23.0 program in the general characteristics of subjects, descriptive statistics, reliability and correlations among the variables. Hypothetical models were examined in fitness and tested with the AMOS 21.0 program to build a final model. Multiple group analysis was performed to examine moderating effects according to education level. Stronger feminism had negative effects on the appearance management behavior of adult women and that the feminism had greater impacts on appearance management behavior according to a higher educational level. The findings of the study have huge implications for the current situation in which the Escape the Corset movement, which is to refuse pressure on women for their appearances, is observed among the public.

The Relationship between Hope and Successful Aging of Elders: A Moderation Model of Appearance Management Behavior

The Relationship between Hope and Successful Aging of Elders: A Moderation Model of Appearance Management Behavior

20-30대 남성의 외모관리행동이 자아존중감에 미치는 영향

Inner beauty was essential in the past, but contemporary society places importance on the external beauty of humans. This study aimed to identify the impact of appearance management behavior on self-esteem in men

신체적 이미지와 외모에 대한 사회문화적 태도가 심리적 영향에 미치는 연구 : 뷰티헬스케어행동의 매개효과를 중심으로

This study attempted to investigate the psychological influence of sociocultural attitudes on body image and appearance. For this t-test, one-way ANOVA and correlation analysis were performed, using SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 23.0. In addition, path analysis and covariance structure analysis were conducted with a structural equation. Using the bootstrapping approach, mediating effects were derived and verified. The study results found the following: First, aesthetic healthcare behavior revealed a statistically significant influence in terms of the psychological effects of sociocultural attitudes on body image and appearance. Specifically, as ‘family’, ‘friend’, ‘mass media’, and ‘physical attractiveness’ improved, appearance management behavior (e.g., skincare, weight control, makeup, etc.) became more important. Second, concerning sociocultural attitudes on body image and appearance, the indirect mediating effects of aesthetic healthcare behavior were empirically verified, confirming statistical significance among the variables. It is anticipated that this study will form sociocultural attitudes on desirable appearance, improved quality of life and provide useful information and practical data to the aesthetic healthcare industry.

창원지역 대학생의 외모관리행동과 취업스트레스와의 관계 연구

최근 창원지역 산업체는 고용과 내수가 크게 위축되어, 창원지역 대학생의 취업은 어려운 현실에 직면해 있다. 대학생은 취업 면접 준비를 위해 다양한 스펙과 더불어 외모관리에도 많은 노력을 기울이고 있다. 지금까지 선행연구들에서도 외모와 취업 간의 관계를 인정하고 있지만 이에 관한 구체적인 연구는 이루어지지 않고 있다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 창원지역 대학생의 외모관리행동과 취업스트레스와의 관계를 알아보는 데 있다. 자료 수집은 창원지역 대학생을 대상으로 2020년 11-12월에 실시되었다. 자료 분석은 SPSS프로그램에 의해 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 변량분석, Duncan-test, 상관분석, 회귀분석이 사용되었다.<BR> 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 외모관리행동의 요인은 체형, 패션, 성형수술, 피부, 건강, 헤어, 메이크업의 7개 차원으로 구성되었고, 취업스트레스의 요인은 취업불안, 학교환경, 가정환경, 학업의 4개 차원으로 구성되었다. 외모관리행동과 취업스트레스는 일반적 특성에 따라 부분적으로 다르게 나타났다. 외모관리행동과 취업스트레스와의 상관관계는 부분적인 상관관계를 나타내었다. 외모관리행동은 취업스트레스에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 외모관리행동은 취업스트레스의 취업불안에 두드러진 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났다. 따라서 올바른 외모관리 상식이나 기법에 관한 프로그램은 취업에 대한 불안을 해소시킬 수 있는 역할을 일정 부분할 수 있을 것으로 본다. 이러한 연구결과는 창원지역 대학생을 위한 진로 및 취업 프로그램 기획에 유용한 기초자료가 될 수 있을 것이다.

외모관리에 대한 태도, 주관적 규범, 지각된 행동통제가 외모관리 의도 및 행동에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to analyze effects of attitudes toward appearance management, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control on appearance management intentions and behaviors by applying the Theory of Planned Behavior. As the method of this study, 700 adult women in their 20s-50s were surveyed using a questionnaire method. A total of 658 questionnaries were used for analysis. As for the analysis method, SPSS 21.0 program and AMOS 21.0 program were used to conduct frequency analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, exploratory factor analysis, positive factor analysis, and structural model analysis. Research results are summarized as follows.BR Among sub-factors of planned behavior for appearance management, appearance management attitude (p 0.001) and perceived appearance management behavior control (p 0.05) were found to have an effect on appearance management intention. However, subjective norms of appearance management did not have a significant effect on the intention of appearance management (p 0.05). The higher the appearance management attitude and the more positive the perceived behavioral control for appearance management, the higher the appearance management intention. The appearance management attitude and perceived behavioral control can affect the appearance management intention, which is an immediate variable before behavior.

무관중 대회에서 한국여자프로골프선수들의 자기관리가 미디어노출, 외모관리행동 및 인지된 경기력과의 관계 : 코로나-19로 인하여

[목적] 코로나바이러스감염증으로 인하여 무관중으로 이루어지는 골프대회에서 한국여자프로골프선수들을 대상으로 자기관리가 미디어노출, 외모관리행동 및 인지된 경기력에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 검증하는데 목적이 있다. [방법] `맥콜⸱용평리조트 오픈'에 참여한 125명을 대상으로 설문지를 이용하여 조사연구를 진행하였다. 자료처리는 SPSS 23.0을 이용하여 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 일원분산분석, 상관관계 및 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. [결과] 본 연구결과 는 첫째, 정신관리가 노출의식, 의복관리, 인지된 경기력에 정적영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 노출의식과 의 복관리가 인지된 경기력에 정적영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 체중관리는 인지된 경기력에 부적인 영향을 미치 는 것으로 나타났다. [결론] 한국여자프로골프선수들의 자기관리는 미디어노출, 외모관리, 인지된 경기력에, 미디어 노출, 외모관리행동은 인지된 경기력에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.