Antioxidant Potential Of Ethanolic Extract Research Articles

ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC AND ANTI-OXIDANT POTENTIAL OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF VITEX THYRSIFLORA LEAVES ON DIABETIC RATS

Objective: Vitex thyrsiflora Baker (Verbenaceae) is a glabrous under shrub that is widely distributed in Cameroon. Diabetes is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, a source of increased oxidative stress and tissue oxidative damage. The objective of current study was to estimate the antihyperglycemic and anti-oxidant potential of ethanol extract of Vitex thyrsiflora leaves on diabetic rats Methods: The antihyperglycemic effect of an ethanol extract of Vitex thyrsiflora leaves was investigated in normal male rats and streptozotocin induced diabetic male rats and its antioxidant potential was evaluated. After preparation of the extract, it was subjected to a phytochemistry screening, and tested on male rats made hyperglycemic in the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Glibenclamide (10 mg/Kg) was served as a positive control in both experiments. The evaluation of the antioxidant potential was done through the determination of the total polyphenols and total flavonoid contents, and by using the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay and the free radical scavenging activity on DPPH method. Results: The results show that the extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins and phenolic compounds. The test on hyperglycemic rats in OGTT showed that, the extract was effective (at a dose of 200 mg/Kg) to significantly decreased glucose-induced hyperglycemia (**p ˂ 0.01). The extract was ineffective on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The study of the antioxidant potential showed that, polyphenols and flavonoids increase with the concentration of the extracts. IC50 value was found to be 65.97, based on the log (inhibitor) vs. normalized response-Variable slope. Conclusion: FRAP appears to be significantly highly correlated with total polyphenols content and total flavonoids content. This shows that the ethanol extract of V. thyrsiflora leaves could be served to prevent acute hyperglycema, but not a chronic hyperglycemic state. Peer Review History: Received 10 June 2018; Revised 24 June; Accepted 4 July, Available online 15 July 2018 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Sabah Hussien El-Ghaiesh, Tanta University, Egypt, s.ghaiesh@gmail.com Prof. Dr. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, alialkaf21@gmail.com Similar Articles: COMPARATIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIOXIDANT PROFILE OF VITAMIN-E AND RED DATES IN PLACEBO AND TESTED GROUPS OF HYPERLIPIDEMIC PATIENTS

ENHANCEMENT OF IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF TERMINALIA CHEBULA BY VARIOUS FRUIT EXTRACTS AND OPTIMIZATION OF CONCENTRATION BY RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

Objective: The main objective of this study was to determine the enhancement of in vitro antioxidant potential of fruits of Terminalia chebula (TC) when used in combination with fruit extracts of Phyllanthus emblica, Ananas comosus, and Punica granatum. Hydroxyl (OH) radical scavenging and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assays were used to analyze the antioxidant potential.Method: Formulations of different combinatorial concentrations of fruits to prepare a mixture were achieved with central composite design through response surface methodology. Screening of 300 different combinations of various concentrations was done through hydroxyl radical scavenging assay followed by statistical analysis of data. Further validation of results was done by measuring the antioxidant potential of most bioactive extracts by DPPH method.Results: Screening of 300 samples of different combinations for antioxidant potential revealed the samples with highest percentage inhibition in aqueous (85.2%), ethanolic (92.9%), and aqueous-ethanolic (84.21%) extracts. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and generated a three-dimensional response surface plot for highest activity. Further subjecting these extracts to DPPH assay revealed a significant enhancement in the antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of TC when used in mixture with other plants.Conclusion: Antioxidant activity of TC was enhanced when used in combination with other fruits extracts. These synergistic studies generating valuable interactions between various phytochemicals could lead to a momentous increase in other associated activities to fight against diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disorders. Further research on isolation of bioactive compounds in the mixture and their potential to fight various types of cancer could lead to a significant augmentation in the activity of natural compounds.

An evaluation of in vitro and in vivo free radical scavenging and antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of Pergularia daemia

Oxidative stress plays a major role in developing chronic, degenerative, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases caused by excessive production of reactive oxygen species. To combat against this oxidative induced free radical generation, many antioxidant compounds have been explored. In the present study, the antioxidant potential of traditional herb, Pergularia daemia (PD) was explored by invitro and invivo methods. The invitro analysis was done by determining the total antioxidant capacity, DPPH, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant capacity using spectrophotometry. Invivo study was done by pre-treating wistar strain albino rats with ethanolic extract of PD and exposing them to acute noise stress using a pure tone noise from a function generator for 45 min for 1 day. The discrete brain regions were dissected and the brain enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, vitamin C and lipid peroxidation were analyzed. Results of invitro analysis revealed that PD extract exhibited a potent antioxidant capacity, scavenged the DPPH, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide and reduced the ferric ions to ferrous form in a dose dependent manner. Animals exposed to acute noise stress for 45 min showed a significant increase in plasma corticosterone and significantly increased the superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase activity and lipid peroxidation in cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus and hypothalamus and decreased the reduced glutathione and vitamin C levels in all the four discrete regions of the brain. PD treatment significantly prevented those acute noise stress induced changes and restored it to normal.

DETERMINATION OF ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND GALLIC ACID CONTENT IN ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF PUNICA GRANATUM L. LEAF

Objective: The present research work was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of Punica granatum leaf (EPGL) that belongs to the family of Punicaceae and determine its gallic acid (GA) content using chromatography method.Methods: Six complementary test systems, namely, 1,1-diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide (SO), nitric oxide (NO), hydroxyl (OH) radical scavenging, and reducing power activities were analyzed for determining antioxidant activity of EPGL. The simple and novel chromatography techniques such as thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used for the detection and quantification of GA in EPGL.Results: IC50 values of EPGL were found to be 136 μg/ml for DPPH, 88.5 μg/ml for H2O2, 16.8 μg/ml for SO, 96.5 μg/ml for NO, and 143 μg/ml for OH. The ascorbic acid (AA) and GA were used as standard compounds. The absorbance of EPGL in reducing power assay was found to be 0.18 at 100 μg/ ml, while AA and GA absorbance was found to be 0.24 and 0.4 at the same concentration. The amount of GA in EPGL was found to be 1.189 mg/g.Conclusion: These findings suggested that EPGL could be a potential source of natural antioxidant, and HPLC method used for the determination of GA is simple, precise, accurate, and suitable for routine analysis of GA in EPGL.

Erratum: phytochemical analysis and evaluation of antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of allium cepa and ultra-high homoeopathic dilutions available in the market: A comparative study

Erratum: phytochemical analysis and evaluation of antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of allium cepa and ultra-high homoeopathic dilutions available in the market: A comparative study

Phytochemical Screening, Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Leaves and Bark Extracts from <i>Khaya senegalensis</i>

<i>Khaya senegalensis</i> belonging to family Meliaceae. This plant has been used as traditional medicine for several disease such as pain, inflammation, malaria, anemia, diabetic and gastrointestinal diseases. The objective of this study to carry out phytochemical screening, determination of chemical composition and determine antioxidant activity of plant extracts. Many of secondary metabolites were investigated in leaves extract include alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols and saponins while the bark extract includes sterols, triterpines, tannins and saponins. The antioxidant potential of ethanol extract of leaves and bark was determined on the basis of their scavenging activity of the stable 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. Antioxidant activity of leaves extract was higher than bark with (42.69%) and (36.36%) respectively. The quantitative analysis of chemical composition was determined by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). A number of bioactive compounds were present in the leaves and bark of <i>K.senegalensis</i>. The highest compound in both extracts represented the reducing sugar 4-O-Methyl mannose (66.47 and 14.73%) in bark and leaves respectively. Fatty acids and phenols were presented in high percentage in both extract include; n-Hexadecanoic acid, 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, Oleic Acid and Catechol.

Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction from basil leaf (Ocimum basilicum L.) by DPPH radical scavenging method

Basil leaf (Ocimum basilicum L.) contains various compounds such as flavonoid, alkaloid, phenol and essential oil, so it needs to be fractionated to find out the flavonoid compound with the greatest potential as an antioxidant. This research was aimed to know the chemical compound, antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction from basil leaf. The basil leaf was extracted by maceration using ethanol 70 %. The crude extract was fractionated with ethyl acetate. The ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction were screened of phytochemical content including identification of flavonoids, alkaloids and polyphenolics. The antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction were tested qualitatively with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and phosphomolybdate. Its antioxidant activity was determined quantitatively using DPPH radical scavenging method. Phytochemical screening test showed that ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction from basil leaf contain flavonoids, polyphenolics, and alkaloids. The qualitative analysis of antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction from basil leaf showed an antioxidant activity. The IC50 value of ethanolic extract, ethyl acetate fraction and quercetin were 1,374.00±6.20; 389.00±1.00; 2.10±0.01μg/mL, respectively. The research showed that antioxidant activity of the ethyl acetate fraction more potential than the ethanol extract of the basil leaf, but less than quercetin.

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF OCIMUM KILIMANDSCHARICUM USING HYDROXYL RADICAL SCAVENGING METHOD

In our modern society, we are constantly being challenged by numerous diseases. The majority of these diseases are as a result of the stressful and unhealthy lifestyle that has been adopted by modern man. Due to the polluted environment, unhealthy lifestyles and fast food culture there is the overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in a human body. These reactive oxygen and nitrogen species have become the most important culprits for the development of neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, aging and many other diseases. Newer findings in the etiology of various diseases have implicated free radicals and oxidative species in the development of various diseases. So, to find the newer treatments of various diseases we should deeply research the area of antioxidants. Nature has provided us with various medicinal plants which contain phytochemicals that have potent antioxidant potentials. Himalayan herbs have been known since time immemorial to cure even uncurable diseases. The current study focuses on the antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of aerial parts of Ocimum kilimandscharicum at very low concentrations using hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. This study aims to unravel the potentials of truly potent herbs in the field of antioxidants, which in future can provide cure to several diseases. Keywords: antioxidants, free radicals, Ocimum kilimandscharicum .

Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract and its fractions of bark and leaves of Terminalia arjuna from north-western Himalayas, India

The present study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract and its different solvent fractions (chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous fraction) of bark and leaves of Terminalia arjuna. The antimicrobial activity was determined by disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods against six bacterial stains. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by using DPPH, FRAP and Nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assay. The total phenolics and flavonoid content were found to be higher in n-butanolic fraction of bark (294.6 ± 8.1 mg/g GAE and 168.6 ± 12.3 mg/g RE, respectively) and leaves (203.7 ± 7.0 mg/g GAE and 144.8 ± 11.1 mg/g RE, respectively). The maximum antimicrobial activity was shown by n-butanolic fraction of bark and leaves. The zone of inhibition of 15.0 ± 0.7 mm, 15.5 ± 0.7 mm, 15.0 ± 1.5 mm, 15.5 ± 0.7 mm, 15.0 ± 0.7 mm, 15.0 ± 0.7 mm was observed against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Eschericia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi respectively. In case of leaves extract, zone of inhibition of 13.5 ± 0.7 mm, 16.5 ± 0.7 mm, 14.0 ± 0.5 mm, 15.0 ± 0.5 mm, 13.5 ± 0.7 mm, 14.0 ± 0.7 mm was observed against B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, S. typhi, respectively. The n-butanol fraction of bark [IC50-4.1 μg/ml (DPPH), 21.0 μM (FRAP), 3.3 μg/ml (NO)] and leaves [IC50-4.8 μg/ml (DPPH), 28.9 μM (FRAP), 3.2 μg/ml (NO)] showed more antioxidant potential as compared to that of crude ethanolic extract, ethyl acetate fraction, chloroform fraction, aqueous fraction and even ascorbic acid. These results clearly indicated comparative antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity in extracts of bark and leaves of T. arjuna.

Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of antioxidant potential of ethanol extract of Allium cepa and ultra-high homoeopathic dilutions available in the market: A comparative study

Introduction: As per statistics available with the WHO, 80% of the earth's population rely on traditional medicine for their primary health-care needs and most of this therapy involves the use of plant extracts and their active components. Objectives: To confirm the presence of alkaloids, fats, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, sugars, amino acids and saponins in Allium cepa extract. Method: A qualitative phytochemical analysis has been performed to confirm the presence of these components in Allium cepa extract and its homoeopathic formulations (mother tincture [MT], Allium cepa 30C and Allium cepa 200C). The total phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant potential of the prepared extract and the various homoeopathic formulations have also been studied. Results: Presence of various phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, steroids, carbohydrates and amino acids have been confirmed in the prepared extract as well as the MT. According to calculations using Avogadro's limit, preparations above 12C dilution should have no source material present. It is interesting to note that even though the formulations Allium cepa 30C and 200C are considered ultra-high dilutions, they gave a positive result for many phytochemicals. The total phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant potential of the prepared extract and various homoeopathic formulations have also been studied. Conclusion: The positive qualitative and quantitative results also reinforce the growing belief that Homoeopathy is not just a placebo effect but a 'Smart medicine' which may be working on the nanoscale. More research is required to understand various aspects.

Hericium erinaceus Inhibits TNF-α-Induced Angiogenesis and ROS Generation through Suppression of MMP-9/NF-κB Signaling and Activation of Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant Genes in Human EA.hy926 Endothelial Cells.

Hericium erinaceus (HE) is an edible mushroom that has been shown to exhibit anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. We investigated the antiangiogenic and antioxidant potentials of ethanol extracts of HE in human endothelial (EA.hy926) cells upon tumor necrosis factor-α- (TNF-α-) stimulation (10 ng/mL). The underlying molecular mechanisms behind the pharmacological efficacies were elucidated. We found that noncytotoxic concentrations of HE (50–200 μg/mL) significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced migration/invasion and capillary-like tube formation of endothelial cells. HE treatment suppressed TNF-α-induced activity and/or overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Furthermore, HE downregulated TNF-α-induced nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) followed by suppression of I-κB (inhibitor-κB) degradation. Data from fluorescence microscopy illustrated that increased intracellular ROS production upon TNF-α-stimulation was remarkably inhibited by HE pretreatment in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, HE triggered antioxidant gene expressions of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCLC), and glutathione levels, which may contribute to inhibition of ROS. Increased antioxidant status was associated with upregulated nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation of NF-E2 related factor-2 (Nrf2) in HE treated cells. Our findings conclude that antiangiogenic and anti-inflammatory activities of H. erinaceus may contribute to its anticancer property through modulation of MMP-9/NF-κB and Nrf2-antioxidant signaling pathways.

Enzymatic and Non Enzymatic Antioxidant Activity of Tabernaemontana divaricate R.Br. Against DEN and Fe-NTA Induced Renal Damage in Wistar Albino Rats

Bee Honey Modulates the Oxidant-Antioxidant Imbalance in Diethyl nitrosamine-Initiated Rat Hepatocellular CarcinomaNaima Zayed Mohamed, Hanan Farouk Aly, Hatem Abdel moneim El-Mezayen, Hadeer E. El-Salamony

Antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract from cultivated strawberries’ leaves (Fragariae folium)

Strawberry is a member of the rose family (Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae, tribe Potentilleae) in the genus Fragaria. The cultivated varieties of commercial strawberries usually were designated as Fragaria ananassa. Root, leaf, flower and fruit have the healing properties. The strawberry leaves extract is used for blood cleaning, for treatment of oral inflammation, diarrhea, various gastro-intestinal inflammation, and hemorrhoids, as well as a diuretic. So far, many positive biological effects of strawberries (anticancer, antioxidant and anticoagulant effect) have been proven. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract from cultivated strawberries (Fragariae folium, varieties Senga Sengana) by using different antioxidant assays (DPPH, FRAP, FIC, H2O2 and TBA-MDA). Ethanolic extract from strawberry leaves was obtained by reflux extraction at the boiling temperature. Total phenols and total flavonoids content was determined spectrophotometrically by the method of Folin-Ciocalteu and by method with AlCl3, respectively. In the extract was determined high content of total phenols, while the total flavonoid content is much lower. The concentrations of extract required to neutralize 50% of the initial concentration of DPPH radicals (EC50) after 20 minutes incubation and immediately after adding DPPH radical solution were 7,91 and 19,46 ?gcm-3, respectively. Extract was achieved the maximum iron ions chelating ability (67.89%) at a concentration of 2 mgcm-3. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation of 70% was achieved by extract concentration of 0.03125 mgcm-3, while the maximum neutralization of H2O2 (30.47%) was achieved by extract concentration of 0.5 mgcm-3. FRAP value of the investigated extract is 284.51 mgFe/g of dry extract. Presented results of the antioxidant activity show that the obtained extract from the cultivated strawberry leaves is a potential source of natural antioxidants.

Toxicity, Anti-Lipid Peroxidation, Invitro and Invivo Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Annona Muricata Ethanol Stem Bark Extract

The presence of natural antioxidant capacity in plants has been well documented world over. There is an increasing demand for natural antioxidant to replace synthetic additives in the food and pharmacologicals. The objective of this study is to evaluate the invivo antioxidant potential of ethanol extract of Annona muricata against CCl4- induced toxicity in rats as well as its invitro antioxidant effect and lipid peroxidation. The extract was prepared by cold maceration using absolute ethanol. The invitro antioxidant properties of the extract was determined using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhdrazyl) radical and invivo antioxidant enzymes were assayed to evaluate the biological activities of the extract. The polyphenol content of the extract was determined and it contained alkaloids, tannin, flavonoids, phenol in appreciable amount. In the invivo studies, the animals were grouped into three (3) groups of 15 rats each. Group 1 served as control and received 1ml/kg b.w of olive oil orally for 28 days. Group 2 rats were orally administered 1ml/kg CCl4 mixed with olive oil (1:10) daily for 28 days while group 3 rats were administered 1ml/kg CCl4 and 200 mg/kg b.w of Annona muricata stem extract. Three of the rats from each group were sacrificed on days 1, 8, 15, 22 and 28. The plant extract showed remarkable hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced oxidative stress as revealed from serum enzyme markers. CCl4 induced a significant rise (p<0.001) in aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and MDA (malondialdehyde) level in the serum with a reduction in catalase activity. Treatment of rats with the plant extract (200mg/kg b.w) significantly altered both serum enzymes activities and oxidant levels to near normal against CCl4 – treated rats. The invivo and invitro rapid radical scavenging studies were positive for the stem bark extract. This study suggests that the possible mechanism of the exhibited biological activities of the extract may be due to free radical scavenging owing to the presence of polyphenols in the extract. The plant extract possesses, antioxidant, anti-lipid peroxidation effect and is hepatoprotective. These may be the rationale for its folkloric uses and pharmacological effects.

Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis. L on Adjuvant Induced Arthritis in Rats

Aims: The present study was undertaken to explore in vivo antioxidant potential of ethanol extracts of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis leaf and stem in adjuvant induced arthritic rats. Methodology: Arthritis induced rats were administered with extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis leaf and stem. (150 mg/kg body Weight/rat/day for 30 days. Results: A significant decrease in paw edema was observed following oral administration of the leaf and stem extracts. A significant (p&lt;0.05) increase in the level of tissue TBARS, GPx and catalase was seen in arthritis induced rats (group II) and NAT treated rats (group III and group IV) showed a significant decrease in lipid peroxides, GPx and catalase level to near normalcy. The activity of total tissue SOD was found significantly (p&lt;0.05) low in arthritis induced rats (group II) while a substantial increase in the activity to near normal level was noticed in NAT administered rats. The alterations in hematological and other biochemical parameters were restored to near normal levels after a treatment period of 30 days. The structural changes of the tissues shows the therapeutic ability of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis stem and leaf in experimental animals which were further evidenced by histological observations made on the hind limb tissue. Conclusion: As Nyctanthes arbor-tristis is of natural origin, it is a safe and effective intervention for free radical mediated diseases.

Evaluation of Phenolic contents and Antioxidant potential of Murraya Koenigii (L) spreng roots

Article history: Received on: 18/10/2012 Revised on: 06/11/2012 Accepted on: 12/11/2012 Available online: 29/11/2012 The present study was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of ethanol extract from roots of Murraya koenigii. Ethanol extract of roots was used to study their total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant including radical scavenging of 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide. The ethanol extract showed significant results, Total phenolic contents were estimated to be equivalents to 51.23 ± 2.53mg of gallic acid equivalent and total flavonoid contents were 43.58 ± 1.89mg of catechin/g equivalent. The percentage of DPPH and NO scavenging activity increased with increasing various concentration of extract.

In vivo anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant potentials of ethanolic extract from Tecomella undulata.

This study was undergone to evaluate the in-vivo anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of leaves of Tecomella undulata Seem. on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats. Type 2 diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin, 15 minutes after the i.p administration of 110 mg/kg body weight of nicotinamide. The extract has shown significant blood glucose lowering effect in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The blood glucose level, cholesterol, glycogen contents, glycosylated hemoglobin, and antioxidant parameters (Malondialdehyde and Glutathione level) were estimated from the blood plasma by using standard kits to demonstrate the hypoglycemic and antioxidant effect in treated animals. The data showed that the extract have significant influence on the above biochemical parameters. Thus ethanolic fraction of the plant Tecomella undulata can be used as new candidate for antihyperglycemic and antioxidant.

In–Vivo Antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Mentha pulegium leaf against CCl4 induced toxicity in rats

ObjectiveTo evaluate the in–vivo antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of Mentha Pulegium against CCl4 induced toxicity in rats. MethodsAnimals were treated with plant extract for 7 days and then toxicity was induced with a single CCl4 intraperitoneal injection. Pre–treatment with 600 mg/kg (p.o.) of ethanolic extract of Mentha Pulegium improved the glutathione, SOD, catalase, and peroxidase levels significantly as compared to control group. ResultsThe present studies revealed that Mentha Pulegium has significant in–vivo antioxidant activity and can be used to protect tissue from oxidative stress. The result showed that the activities of glutathione, SOD, catalase and peroxidase in group treated with CCl4 declined significantly than that of normal group. ConclusionEthanolic extract of Mentha Pulegium in the dose of 600 mg/kg, p.o., has improved the glutathione, SOD, catalase, and peroxidase levels significantly, which were comparable with Liv 52. Based on this study we conclude that Ethanolic extract of Mentha Pulegium possesses in vivo antioxidant activity and can be employed in protecting tissue from oxidative stress.

Comparative Botanical and Phytochemical Evaluation of Medicinally Important Stem Bark of Ficus species

ObjectiveTo evaluate the pharmacognostical comparison (Botanical study, physicochemical parameters, HPTLC analysis) in stem barks of four Ficus species (family-Moraceae) viz. F. religiosa L, F. glomerata Roxb, F. retusa auct. &F. carica. MethodsEstimation of Phytochemical markers viz: β-sitosterol and lupeol was quantified by HPTLC method and antioxidant studies by carried by DPPH method. ResultsHPTLC method showed considerable amount of variation with two reference standard viz: β-sitosterol and lupeol content in stem bark of F. religiosa, F. glomerata, F. retusa &F. carica and it were found 0.084, 0.041, 0.059 & 0.131 and 0.020, 0.043, 0.069 & 0.049 respectively. The antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of stem bark of F. religiosa, F. retusa, F. glomerata &F. carica were found 46.86%, 42.56%, 31.25% & 25.63% at 0.1mg/mL concentration. ConclusionThe present work was taken up with a view to lay down standards which will contribute significantly to quality control of these medicinally useful Ficus species. It also provides suitable criteria to differentiate the stem barks of four Ficus species.

Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of flower extract of Millingtonia hortensis Linn. on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity

Objective:Millingtonia hortensis Linn is an abundant resource of flavonoids, which might be beneficial in protecting liver tissue from injury. The hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of M. hortensis on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity and the possible mechanism involved therein were investigated in rats.Materials and Methods:Preliminary phytochemical studies were carried out to determine the total phenol and flavonoid contents. 30 adult Wistar rats were allocated into 5 groups. Control group received vehicle, group-2 received CCl4 alone (1 ml/kg body weight, intraperitonially), groups 3 - 5 received the ethanolic flower extract in 2 dose levels (200 and 400 mg/kg) and Curcumin (100 mg/kg) as a standard for 8 days orally, followed by CCl4 as a single dose on the 8th day. 48 hours later, blood was withdrawn, serum was subjected to biochemical assessments, and liver homogenate was examined for lipid peroxides, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and total protein levels. Furthermore, hepatic tissues were subjected to histopatological studies.Results:CCl4 treatment produced a profound increase in the levels of malondialdehyde, hepatic marker enzymes and bilirubin content compared with the control (P < 0.05). Pre-treatment with the flower extract of M. hortensis significantly enhanced the levels of endogenous antioxidants and reduced the levels of hepatic marker enzymes in relation to the CCl4 treated group (P < 0.05). Balloning degeneration and fatty changes in hepatocytes was prevented by pre-treatment with the flower extract.Conclusion:The antioxidant nature of the flower extract of M. hortensis could be responsible for averting damage to the liver.