Antibiotics Ceftriaxone Research Articles

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in a patient with recurrent unresectable squamous cell carcinoma of the retromolar trigone—a brief report

BackgroundThe reported incidence of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis is 3–8% in patients with solid tumours. More commonly, it has been described in the setting of advanced cancers of the lung, breast and malignant melanoma.Case presentationA 50-year-old diabetic patient with recurrent unresectable squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the right retromolar trigone (rT4bN0M0) presented with severe low backache and weakness in bilateral lower limbs 20 days after the completion of concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Contrast-enhanced MRI of the spine showed multiple nodular enhancing leptomeningeal lesions at the lumbar level and an intramedullary T2/FLAIR-hyperintense longitudinal lesion involving the central cord from C2 to C7 vertebral levels, suggestive of leptomeningeal metastases. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed pleocytosis, elevated protein and markedly decreased glucose. The CSF cytology revealed scattered large atypical cells, suspicious for metastasis. Non-contrast MRI of the brain showed a T2/FLAIR-hyperintense lesion involving the right caudate nucleus suggestive of either an acute infarct with haemorrhagic transformation or a haemorrhagic brain metastasis. During assessment, he had high-grade fever and was started on empirical intravenous antibiotics (ceftriaxone, vancomycin and subsequently meropenem) in line with the management for acute bacterial meningitis. Gram staining of CSF did not demonstrate the presence of any bacteria and the specimen was sterile on culture. He did not respond to empirical antibiotics, had a progressive downhill course and eventually died due to aspiration pneumonia.ConclusionThis brief report highlights the importance of awareness of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis as a possible cause of backache with sensorimotor deficit and autonomic dysfunction in a previously treated case of head and neck SCC.

Analisa Biaya Terapi Antibiotik Ceftriakson pada Pasien Infeksi Demam Tifoid Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Tahun 2020

Typhoid fever is an infection of the digestive tract caused by Salmonella typhi (Eberthella typhosa) results in inflammation of the small intestine and the lumen of the digestive tract. Ceftriaxone antibiotic treatment costs for hospitalized typhoid illness patients in 2020 were the focus of this investigation. A cross-sectional strategy was used in the study design, which was based on the collecting of medical records and funding records. From October 2021 to December 2021, the trial was conducted at Hospital X. A sample of typhoid patients admitted to the inpatient ward of Hospital X, with BPJS payment status, was used for this study's data collection. For typhoid patients at Jombang Regency X Hospital, the average cost of ceftriaxone antibiotics totaled IDR 1,502,796 per patient.

Analisis Efektivitas Cefazoline dan Ceftriaxone sebagai Antibiotik Profilaksis Bedah Sesar di RSIA Trisna Medika Tulungagung Periode Oktober–Desember 2021

Cesareans antibiotic prophylaxis aims to prevent the clinical manifestations of SSI expected to occur. Theoretically, Cefazoline is considered more advantageous as a cesarean prophylactic antibiotic than Ceftriaxone. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of Cefazoline and Ceftriaxone as cesarean prophylactic antibiotics at RSIA Trisna Medika Tulungagung from October–December 2021. The study used a cross-sectional research design using 214 medical records data of patients with preoperative prophylactic antibiotics Cefazoline and Ceftriaxone (1:1). Data analysis includes antibiotic use profiles and therapeutic effectiveness data. Statistical analysis used the Mann-Whitney U Test. Research results showed that Cefazoline and Ceftriaxone have the same effectiveness as cesarean prophylactic antibiotics at RSIA Trisna Medika Tulungagung October – December 2021 based on pulse frequency, breath frequency, 10d post-op wound pain, purulent, dry wound, SSI, and LOS.

EVALUATION OF ANTIBIOTIC USE IN PEDIATRIC TYPHOID FEVER IN THE INPATIENT INSTALLATION OF RSUD NORTH LOMBOK

The purpose of this study was to find out whether the use of antibiotics in typhoid fever patients at the inpatient installation of the North Lombok - Tanjung Hospital met the rationality requirements which included the right patient, the right dose, the right drug, and the right indication according to the medical service standards (SPM) of North Lombok Hospital - Tanjung in 2017. This research is a non-experimental study. The research was carried out at the North Lombok - Tanjung Hospital. The results showed that, according to inpatient medical record data available at the North Lombok - Tanjung Hospital in 2021, there were 14 cases of children diagnosed with typhoid fever. The results showed that the selection of the type of antibiotic used for the treatment of typhoid fever was chloramphenicol at 42.85%, then the antibiotics cefotaxime, cefixim, tiamfenicol and ceftriaxone each at 14.28%. After evaluating the use of antibiotics in pediatric patients with typhoid fever at Lombok Utara - Tanjung Hospital in 2021, the percentage value for using antibiotics with the right indication was 100%, the right drug was 85.71%, the right dose was 85.71%, and the right patient of 100%.

Bioactive Hydroxyapatite-Magnesium Phosphate Coatings Deposited by MAPLE for Preventing Infection and Promoting Orthopedic Implants Osteointegration.

In this study, we used the matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) technique to obtain hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) and magnesium phosphate (Mg3(PO4)2) thin coatings containing bone morphogenetic protein (BMP4) for promoting implants osteointegration and further nebulized with the antibiotic ceftriaxone (CXF) to prevent peri-implant infections. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), infrared microscopy (IRM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Furthermore, the antimicrobial properties were evaluated on Staphylococcus aureus biofilms and the cytocompatibility on the MC3T3-E1 cell line. The obtained results proved the potential of the obtained coatings for bone implant applications, providing a significant antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect, especially in the first 48 h, and cytocompatibility in relation to murine osteoblast cells.

Biological Evaluation and Antioxidant Studies of Nio, Pdo and Pt Nanoparticles Synthesized from a New Schiff Base Complexes

This research included the preparation of Ni, Pd oxide and Pt metal nanoparticles derived from Schiff base (E)-2-(((2,5-dichlorophenyl)imino)methyl)-4-methyl phenol octahedral from Ni(II) complex and square planar from Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes using pulsed laser ablation immersed in deionized water. The optical properties of the prepared NiO, PdO, and Pt nanoparticles were investigated using UV-Visible spectra and FTIR spectrophotometer. The shape and structure were analyzed by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and the X-ray Diffraction Instrument XRD. By using the Scherrer equation, the results showed Ni, Pd, and Pt nanos with average particle sizes of 28.53nm, 20.47nm, and 22.30nm. The biological activity of the nanocomposites was tested against two types of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, and one type of fungus, such as candida Albicans, using antibiotics (Ceftriaxone and metronidazole), showing promising results and the DPPH radical scanning activity is a standard test in studies of antioxidant activity for them.

Topically applied bacteriophage to control multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected wounds in a New Zealand rabbit model.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a widespread, gram-negative, pathogenic bacterium that causes serious internal and external infections in humans and other animals. The increasing antibiotic resistance has complicated bacterial infection treatment, and current antibiotic therapies cannot cure all infections. Owing to this, bacteriophages (phages) have regained attention as potential therapeutics for bacterial infections. In this study, the phage "PaVOA" was isolated from hospital sewage and characterized. Next, a New Zealand rabbit skin infection model was used to determine the therapeutic efficacy of PaVOA as compared to a phage cocktail or the cephalosporin antibiotic ceftriaxone. Characterization results demonstrated that phage PaVOA belongs to the Myoviridae family, has a double-stranded DNA genome, is resistant to low temperatures (-20°C), is most optimal at 40°C, has good acid-base tolerance, and remains stable for 30 min under 20 W ultraviolet (UV) intensity. The optimal multiplicity of infection of PaVOA was 0.1, and a one-step growth curve showed a short latency period (10 min), thus demonstrating its ability to rapidly kill bacteria. Furthermore, the addition of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) ions significantly increased the PaVOA titer. An in vivo phage kinetic curve showed that PaVOA was rapidly inactivated within the blood of New Zealand rabbits (undetectable after 12 h), and no animals died due to phage treatment. Wound healing studies showed that the phage cocktail induced a high healing rate and an acceleration of the skin remodeling process, and was more efficacious than ceftriaxone. Therefore, phage cocktail therapy represents a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of traumatic skin infections caused by multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa.

Vitamin A for the Prevention of Renal Parenchymal Injury in Children With Acute Pyelonephritis: An assessor-blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: To date, limited studies have evaluated the role of vitamin A in acute pyelonephritis (APN). Accordingly, we aimed to investigate the effect of this vitamin on the prevention of renal damage in children with APN. Methods: This assessor-blind randomized controlled trial included 108 children with APN, aged 3 months to 14 years, who were admitted to Bandar Abbas Children’s Hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran, in 2020. Patients were randomly allocated to two equal groups. Children in the vitamin A group received vitamin A in addition to antibiotics (ceftriaxone), while those in the control group only received antibiotics. Then, children in both groups underwent dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scanning once at baseline and four months after treatment. Photopenic areas in the DMSA scan were regarded as damaged areas. Further, serum vitamin A levels, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were measured in all participants before the initiation of treatment. Finally, the demographic features of the participants were noted, including age and gender. Results: Patients in both groups were comparable regarding age and sex. Serum vitamin A levels, CRP, and ESR did not differ significantly between groups before treatment. The mean number of photopenic areas in the baseline DMSA scan was similar in both groups (P=0.481); however, the mean number of photopenic areas in the DMSA scan after four months was significantly lower in the vitamin A group compared to controls (P=0.004). Conclusion: Therefore, the use of vitamin A, along with antibiotics can significantly decrease renal damage in children with APN.

Bacterial and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern in Secondary Peritonitis.

Peritonitis is inflammation of the peritoneum usually as a result of a localized or generalized infection. Secondary peritonitis which is the most common type follows an infective process in a visceral organ. The role of peritoneal cultures and use of antibiotics effective against culture results remain controversial. This study was conducted to determine the bacterial and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in patients with secondary peritonitis. It also compared the use of empirical antibiotics and culture-sensitive antibiotics with outcomes of patients with secondary peritonitis. A prospective randomized clinical study was conducted. Five millilitres of peritoneal fluid was sampled intra-operatively, and microscopy, culture, and sensitivity testing was performed in patients with secondary peritonitis. The patients, randomized into two groups, had antibiotics administered for 7 days. The first group had empirical antibiotics throughout (Ceftriaxone + Metronidazole), whereas the second group had empirical antibiotics (Ceftriaxone + Metronidazole) for the first 2 days and antibiotics according to the sensitivity report for the remaining 5 days. The post-hoc analysis was also done on a third group, who, even though were randomized to either groups, had no growth on culture of peritoneal fluid. The commonest pathogens identified from the peritoneal culture of the participants were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Anaerococcus group, and Bacteroides fragilis. Complications including mortality were significantly higher in those who received empirical antibiotics than those who received culture-sensitive antibiotics. The outcome of antibiotics administration in patients with secondary peritonitis with a positive culture was better in those who received culture-sensitive antibiotics than those who received empirical antibiotics.

Changing Paradigms in Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella Species with Focus on Fluoroquinolone Resistance: A 5-Year Retrospective Study of Enteric Fever in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kolkata, India.

Enteric fever, a potentially fatal multisystem disease that is caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Paratyphi, poses a significant risk in low- and middle-income countries. A retrospective study to understand the prevalence and evolving patterns of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi was undertaken from June 2017 to June 2022. A total of 4051 blood samples were collected from patients attending inpatient and outpatient departments of the School of Tropical Medicine (Kolkata, India) hospital. Blood samples were cultured, and culture positive samples were further processed for identification using conventional and automated systems. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using both the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and VITEK2 (bioMerieux). Forty-five (1.1%) Salmonella species were isolated among the number of total (n = 4051) samples that were tested. Out of the 45 Salmonella isolates, 35 were Salmonella Typhi (77.77%) and 10 were Salmonella Paratyphi A (22.23%). We found pronounced fluoroquinolone resistance of 100% in the recent years (2019–2022) in both of the S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A isolates. We found that 1 Salmonella Typhi and 2 Salmonella Paratyphi A isolates were resistant against multiple antibiotics (cefixime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid), and 1 multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella Paratyphi A isolate was found in a recent study year (2020) and it showed resistance against different classes of antibiotics (cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and carbapenems). There was no resistance that was detected to the 3rd generation cephalosporins in the final years of the study. The emergence of Salmonella isolates that are resistant to multiple antibiotics poses a serious health problem. The antimicrobial resistance patterns that were detected in the study thus warrant further studies to understand the antibiotic susceptibility and resistance pattern of Salmonella against the major classes of antibiotics.

A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY: ANALYSIS OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTION IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze various parameters such as admission type, demographics, type of reaction, organ system classification, drugs involved, action is taken, reaction outcome, causality assessment, severity assessment, and the preventability of Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in pediatric patients. Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted during the period of September 2017 to June 2020 (34 months) at the ADR monitoring center, Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Ajmer, Rajasthan. All spontaneously reported ADRs were evaluated using various parameters such as type of reaction, causality assessment, preventability, and severity. Results: In the present study, 72 (7.27%) ADRs were reported in relation to 65 pediatric patients. In this study, more ADRs were reported in male (53.85%) as compared to female (46.15%) pediatric patients. The majority of ADRs were considered type B (63.89%), probable (87.5%), moderate (51.39%), and definitely preventable (88.89%) in nature. The majority of ADRs were reported due to antimicrobial classes of drugs, including anthelmintic drug (Albendazole), followed by glycopeptide antibiotic (Vancomycin) and third-generation cephalosporin antibiotics (Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, and Cefixime). The organ systems most commonly affected were skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (47.22%), followed by general disorders and administration site conditions (20.83%) and gastrointestinal disorders (16.67%). Conclusion: The present study 30 different types of suspected ADRs that were reported with multiple frequencies, with included 34 different categories of drugs and combinations of drugs. The majority of patients recovered, with associated ADR, after necessary medical intervention and management. Our purpose is to minimize the incidence rate of ADRs in the pediatric population.

P-084: INFECTIOUS PROFILE OF SICKLE CELL PATIENTS IN THE HEMATOLOGY DEPARTMENTS OF CONAKRY UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL

Purpose: Infection a factor triggering sickle cell crises, a frequent cause of hospitalization as well as a factor of poor prognosis in sickle cell patients. The objective is to contribute to improving the management of sickle cell disease in Guinea by determining their infectious profile. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive and analytical prospective study lasting 08 months from September 01 to April 30, 2021 carried out at the University Hospital of Conakry. We included in this study all patients hospitalized for sickle cell disease in our departments with an infectious syndrome, who had carried out the infectious assessment. Results: out of 68 sickle cell patients included, 62 had an infection, i.e. 91.17%, mean patient age was 26.17±11.97 years,the female sex wasslightlyrepresented i.e. 51.61%,and a female to male sex ratio of 1.06. The most common reasons for consultation were osteo-articular pain 96.77% followed by fever 95.16%. The most common type of infection in our study was parasitic 93.55%, followed by bacterial 30.65%. The germs found were: Escherichia coli (68.75%), Salmonella typhi (31.25%), staphylococcus (50.00%), Koch bacillus 0.14%, candida albicans (66.66%) Plasmodium (87.10 %), Ascaris Eggs (46.15%), Amoeba Cyst (23.07%), Hookworm (11.54%), HBV (7.01%), HIV (5.26%), Taénia (7.69%), Gardenerella vaginalis (33.33%) and Neisseria Gonorhée (25.00%). The management of infections was made according to the etiology found: antiparasitics (Artesunate, Artemether/Lumefantrine, Albendazole, praziquantel), antibiotics (Ceftriaxone‚ metronidazole, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin), antifungals (Nystatin, Fluconazole, Miconazole and antiretrovirals (Emtricitabine, Lamuvidine and Tenofovir).evolution after treatment was favorable in88.71% of cases and we noted 4.48% transfer, 3.23% discharge against medical advice and 3.23% death. Conclusion: Infection is a common cause of hospitalization in sickle cell patients. Bone and joint pain and Fever were the most frequent clinical presentations, the types of infections were bacterial, parasitic, viral and fungal. The treatment of infections was made of antibacterials, antiparasitics, antivirals and antifungals. The authors do not declare any conflict of interest

Self-medication and ILI etiologies among individuals presenting at pharmacies with influenza-like illness: Guatemala City, 2018 influenza season

ObjectivesWe aimed to characterize the proportion of clients presenting to community pharmacies with influenza-like illness (ILI) and the severity of their illness; the proportion with detectable influenza A, influenza B, and other pathogens (i.e., parainfluenza I, II, and III, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus); and to describe their self-medication practices.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in six pharmacies in Guatemala City. Study personnel collected nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs from participants who met the ILI case definition and who were self-medicating for the current episode. Participants were tested for influenza A and B and other pathogens using real-time RT-PCR. Participants’ ILI-associated self-medication practices were documented using a questionnaire.ResultsOf all patients entering the pharmacy during peak hours who responded to a screening survey (n = 18,016) 6% (n = 1029) self-reported ILI symptoms, of which 45% (n = 470/1029) met the study case definition of ILI. Thirty-one percent (148/470) met inclusion criteria, of which 87% (130/148) accepted participation and were enrolled in the study. Among 130 participants, nearly half tested positive for viral infection (n = 55, 42.3%) and belonged to groups at low risk for complications from influenza. The prevalence of influenza A was 29% (n = 35). Thirteen percent of the study population (n = 17) tested positive for a respiratory virus other than influenza. Sixty-four percent of participants (n = 83) reported interest in receiving influenza vaccination if it were to become available in the pharmacy. Medications purchased included symptom-relieving multi-ingredient cold medications (n = 43/100, 43%), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (n = 23, 23%), and antibiotics (n = 16, 16%). Antibiotic use was essentially equal among antibiotic users regardless of viral status. The broad-spectrum antibiotics ceftriaxone and azithromycin were the most common antibiotics purchased.ConclusionsDuring a typical influenza season, a relatively low proportion of all pharmacy visitors were experiencing influenza symptoms. A high proportion of clients presenting to pharmacies with ILI tested positive for a respiratory virus. Programs that guide appropriate use of antibiotics in this population are needed and become increasingly important during pandemics caused by respiratory viral pathogens.

Development of a method for the detection of amixin and amizon by HPLC on SunFire C18 column

A method for the determination of amizone and amixin in the same sample and in their mixture with antibiotics (ceftriaxone, tetracycline, ampicillin and levofloxacin) was developed using reversed-phase highperformance liquid chromatography equipped with a photodiode array detector. A SunFire C18 column, a mobile phase consisting of sodium perchlorate buffer (pH = 2.5) and acetonitrile (75:25), at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, was used. The analytes were identified at 205 and 265 nm. The specificity, linearity, precision parameters, LOD and LOQ were evaluated during the validation of the methodology, and the correlation coefficients of amizone and amixin were 0.9992 and 0.9998, respectively. This method can also be used for the determination of amizone and amixin and their presence in a mixture with antibiotics in the environment.

A Review of Methods for Removal of Ceftriaxone from Wastewater.

The presence of pharmaceuticals in surface water and wastewater poses a threat to public health and has significant effects on the ecosystem. Since most wastewater treatment plants are ineffective at removing molecules efficiently, some pharmaceuticals enter aquatic ecosystems, thus creating issues such as antibiotic resistance and toxicity. This review summarizes the methods used for the removal of ceftriaxone antibiotics from aquatic environments. Ceftriaxone is one of the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in many countries, including Tanzania. Ceftriaxone has been reported to be less or not degraded in traditional wastewater treatment of domestic sewage. This has piqued the interest of researchers in the monitoring and removal of ceftriaxone from wastewater. Its removal from aqueous systems has been studied using a variety of methods which include physical, biological, and chemical processes. As a result, information about ceftriaxone has been gathered from many sources with the searched themes being ceftriaxone in wastewater, ceftriaxone analysis, and ceftriaxone removal or degradation. The methods studied have been highlighted and the opportunities for future research have been described.

Evaluating the appropriateness of laboratory testing and antimicrobial use in South African children hospitalized for community-acquired infections.

Community acquired infection (CAI) is the leading indication for paediatric hospitalization in South Africa. We conducted secondary data analysis of prospective, consecutive paediatric admissions to Tygerberg Hospital (May 2015-November 2015). Clinical characteristics, admission diagnosis, appropriateness of diagnostic tests, use of antimicrobial prescriptions, hospital outcome and costs were analyzed. CAI episodes were documented in (364/451; 81%) children admitted to the general paediatric ward; median age 4.8 months (Interquartile range, IQR, 1.5-17.5) and weight 5.4kg (IQR, 3.6-9.0). Male gender predominated (210/364; 58%), and Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection prevalence was 6.0% (22/364). Common CAI types included respiratory tract infections (197; 54%), gastroenteritis (51; 14%), and bloodstream infections (33; 9%). Pre-hospital antibiotics (ceftriaxone) were given to 152/364 (42%). Of 274 blood cultures and 140 cerebrospinal fluid samples submitted, 5% and 2% respectively yielded a pathogen. Common CAI antibiotic treatment regimens included: ampicillin alone (53%); ampicillin plus gentamicin (25%) and ampicillin plus cefotaxime (20%). Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was found in 39% of the children investigated for pneumonia. Most antibiotic prescriptions (323/364; 89%) complied with national guidelines and were appropriately adjusted based on the patient's clinical condition and laboratory findings. The overall estimated cost of CAI episode management ZAR 22,535 (≈1423 USD) per CAI admission episode. Unfavourable outcomes were uncommon (1% died, 4% required re-admission within 30 days of discharge). CAI is the most frequent reason for hospitalization and drives antimicrobial use. Improved diagnostic stewardship is needed to prevent inappropriate antimicrobial prescriptions. Clinical outcome of paediatric CAI episodes was generally favourable.

Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases Enzymes in Enterobacter Aerogenes Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections in Shahrekord City

Introduction: Enterobacteriaceae produce the Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases which is considered as an important resistant mechanism of beta-lactam antibiotics. The resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics is the main problem in the bacterial infections therapy. The prevalence of these enzymes changes in different geographical areas and with time. The present study aims to explore the frequency of the extended-spectrum blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaTEM, in Enterobacter aerogenes isolated from urinary tract infections in Shahrekord City; the mentioned genes were investigated from the phenotypic and genotypic point of view. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, antibacterial susceptibility patterns of 50 isolates of Enterobacter aerogenes to Cefotaxim, Ceftazidim, Cefterixon and cephalotin were tested using disk diffusion (Kirby-Buer) method. In addition, confirmatory tests for detecting ESBLs phenotypes were performed using Ceftazidim-clavulanic acid and Cefotaxim- clavulanic acid combination disks. Then, the presence of blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaTEM, genes in the broad-spectrum beta-lactamase producing strains was assessed in the presence of specific primers. Results: Out of 50 isolates of Enterobacter aerogenesis investigated in this study, 32 isolates (64%) were identified to produce broad-spectrum β-lactamases in the phenotypic study of ESBLS, and the prevalence of blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaSHV was reported as 30%, 20% and 14%, respectively. In the statistical analysis, a statistically significant correlation was observed between resistance to the antibiotic ceftriaxone and the blaCTX-M, gene (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present study suggests that ESBL producing Enterobacter aerogenes isolates have a high prevalence. The increase in the number of these species is often caused due to the irrational prescription of antibiotics, which requires the use of new antimicrobial agents and limiting the unnecessary use of antimicrobial agents and increasing the use of infection control tools.

Bazı İlaç ve Metallerin Keçi (Capra aegagrus hircus) Böbreğinde Aldoz Redüktaz ve Sorbitol Dehidrogenaz Enzimleri Üzerine Etkilerinin Araştırılması

The effects of some antibiotics and metals on goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) kidney aldose reductase (AR) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) activities were examined. For drugs and metals that exhibit inhibitory effect, Ki constants were calculated and inhibition types were determined by using Lineweaver-Burk curves. In our study, the highest inhibition showed ceftriaxone antibiotic in AR enzyme with an IC50 value of 0.0274 mM. More potent AR inhibitors can be synthesized from the ceftriaxone compound. This compound is followed by amikacin sulfate and ciproflaksasin compounds with IC50 values of 0.061 and 0.25 mM, respectively. The highest inhibition of metals showed Co+2 ion with IC50 value 0.000445 mM. This metal is followed by Fe+2 and Zn+2 with IC50 values of 0.0286 and 0.084 mM, respectively. In SDH enzyme, the highest inhibition showed rifamycin sodium antibiotic with an IC50 value of 0.016 mM. More potent SDH inhibitors can be synthesized from the rifamycin sodium compound. This compound is followed by ceftriaxone and cefuroxime compounds with IC50 values of 0.025 and 0.16 mM, respectively. The highest inhibition of metals showed Co+2 ion with IC50 value 0.00044 mM. This metal is followed by Fe+2 and Zn+2 with IC50 values of 0.009 and 0.16 mM, respectively.

Detection of Ceftriaxone antibiotic and removal via complexation with Fe (III)

Detection of Ceftriaxone antibiotic and removal via complexation with Fe (III)

Non-Operative Management of Acute Uncomplicated Appendicitis in Children

Objective: To compare the efficacy of non-surgical conservative management with surgical management in cases of uncomplicated acute appendicitis in children.
 Study design: Prospective comparative study.
 Settings: Pediatric surgery Department, Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College Sukkur.
 Study duration: 1st February 2020 to 31st May 2021.
 Materials and Methods: Ninety patients of either gender with age range from 5-12 years, diagnosed as uncomplicated acute appendicitis, were divided in two groups. Group C patients were managed conservatively with antibiotics (ceftriaxone 100 mg/kg/day, amikacin 10mg/kg/day and metronidazole 22.5 mg/kg/day) and maintenance fluids were started. Patients were observed for improvement or any signs of deterioration. Those who deteriorated within 24 hours were managed with surgical management immediately. Follow-ups were carried out after discharge on the 7th day, 1 month, and six months. Patients reporting a recurrence of symptoms were managed with appendicectomy. Group S patients were managed with appendicectomy with the open technique. Patients were observed for post-operative complications.
 Results: Demographic data of both groups was comparable. In group C, 34 (75.56%) patients were successfully treated with conservative management, whereas in group S, 39 (86.67%) were successfully treated with surgical management. The difference was insignificant with a p-value of 0.114. In group C, 5 (11.11%) patients did not respond to conservative management and they were managed with appendicectomy and recurrence of symptoms was seen in 6 (13.33%) patients in group C, they were also managed with appendicectomy. In group S, 6 (13.33%) patients suffered post-operative complications. Mean length of stay in hospital was 4.31±1.20 and 4.09±1.12 days in group C and S respectively. This difference was statistically insignificant with a p-value of 0.368.
 Conclusion: It is concluded in our study that uncomplicated acute appendicitis in children can be successfully managed with non-surgical conservative management.