Analysis Of Scientific Literature Research Articles

ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CROSS-INDUSTRY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS OF ENERGY SAVING PROGRAMS IN THE LIFE CYCLE OF BUILDINGS

This article is devoted to the study of the possibility of energy saving of buildings. The relevance of the article lies in the fact that the role of efficiency of energy saving programs is currently growing. The novelty of the research lies in the development of methodology and new approaches for the analysis of energy saving. The author suggests cross-industry indicators of strategic management of energy saving programs. They can provide analysis of a wide range of useful information to confirm the costs of investment, operation and efficiency of a project. Information modeling of buildings is used as the basis of the research in the article. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, the author has developed cross-sectoral indicators of strategic management of energy saving programs. The author proposes a calculation of energy saving taking into account such new indicators as indicators in terms of replacement cost, indicators of power losses, environmental impact, reliability indicators. A methodology for assessing the impact of energy management solutions and the use of key performance indicators is proposed. The methodology consists of a preparatory stage and a two-stage assessment. It can be used to quantify specific aspects or objectives of a project, such as economic feasibility, environmental impact, reliability and quality of electricity. In the study, the author used general scientific methods of systematization and classification of data, methods of statistical processing and generalization, logical, comparative and system analysis, as well as mathematical methods.

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ АУТОФЛУОРЕСЦЕНТНОЙ СТОМАТОСКОПИИ КАК ОСНОВНОГО МЕТОДА РАННЕЙ ДИАГНОСТИКИ ПРЕДРАКОВЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ СЛИЗИСТОЙ ОБОЛОЧКИ РТА (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)

Importance Currently, the prevalence of various diseases of the oral mucosa in the world has increased significantly (from 15.2% to 49.1%). Oncological pathology should be attributed to a separate group of diseases. In order to actively identify precancerous processes of the oral cavity, along with traditional methods of examination of the maxillofacial region, oncoscreening of the mucous membrane and organs of the oral cavity is mandatory. One of the possible methods of oncoscreening is autofluorescence stomatoscopy. Objectives To clarify the effectiveness of autofluorescence stomatoscopy as the main method of early diagnosis of precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa, its advantages and disadvantages. Methods In the process of investigating the effectiveness of autofluorescence stomatoscopy, methods of qualitative analysis and synthesis of available scientific literature on autofluorescence stomatoscopy were used. Conclusions It is concluded that the use of autofluorescence stomatoscopy for the early diagnosis of precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa remains controversial. Some clinicians believe that the introduction of autofluorescence stomatoscopy into the practice of a dentist as an additional method of oncoscreening of the oral mucosa is not only relevant, but also necessary; and the analysis of the light glow corresponds to the results of a biopsy. However, other researchers have concluded that the AFS-method will not replace the gold standard of histological examination, due to the low specificity of the method, the study can lead to overdiagnosis, and it can only be used by experienced clinicians to find the boundaries of precancerous lesions of the oral cavity for taking a biopsy in an altered mucous membrane.

Teachers S. A. and K. Ya. Lyugebil and their first kindergarten in Russia

Introduction. The history of the creation of the first preschool institutions in Russia is of interest to modern Russian historical and pedagogical science. The purpose of the article is to characterize the work of the first Russian kindergartens and the ascetic educational activities of the pioneers of Russian preschool education. Materials and methods. The leading research methods are the analysis of scientific literature, the biographical method. The author actively used an axiological methodological approach, which made it possible to identify and evaluate the most important achievements of the Lyugebil spouses and other Russian teachers in opening the first kindergartens in Russia. Results. Spouses Sofya Andreevna (1824-1914) and Karl Yakimovich Lugebil (1830-1887/1888) entered the history of Russian education as the founders of the country's first kindergarten. In their work, the Lugebil couple used the experience of their foreign predecessors, first of all, the German teacher F. Froebel, the creator of the first kindergarten in Europe. They were active members of the Pedagogical Society, at whose meetings they closely communicated with K. D. Ushinsky, P. G. Redkin and other prominent Russian teachers of that time; they invariably supported their progressive position on various issues of education development and sought to promote the idea of widespread preschool education in Russia. Discussion. The advanced teacher E. N. Vodovozova believed that the Lugebil spouses in their work sought to avoid thoughtlessly following the experience of others, even famous teachers such as F. Froebel and his direct students and followers. The Lugebiles went their own unique way. The progressive magazine Sovremennik paid close attention to the work of the first kindergarten, and in its articles gave a full account of the educational work carried out in this institution. The first kindergarten gave an impetus to the opening of similar institutions throughout the country, including in the province. Conclusion. The practical activities of the Lugebil spouses and other Russian teachers of the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries included axiological, humanistic content and therefore had a noticeable impact on the development of preschool education in Russia. The opening day of the first kindergarten, September 27 (1863), is celebrated in modern Russia as the day of the preschool worker.

The model of future philologists linguistic professional training for foreign language communication in the field of speechwriting and business administration

Introduction. The process of globalization covers all spheres of life of the modern society. The volume of intercultural communication is significantly increasing. The number of business contacts between various industrial enterprises is growing. Due to the fact that the international partnership requires coordination and communication planning, the tasks of training specialists competent in the field of business communication, including foreign-language ones, are updated. One needs appropriate training for mastering the skills to formulate one’s idea correctly, to express it clearly and briefly, including the choice of the appropriate tone and format, the language units. You should also master the skills to analyze the received information, interpret the meaning and relevance. Knowledge, skills of foreign-language business communication is an important professional quality that is necessary for specialists involved in speechwriting and business administration. The purpose of the study is to present a projected model for training students in the field of Philology, whose profile is Speechwriting Business Administration for the implementation of business foreign language communication. There is a revealed contradiction between the insufficient development of theoretical and methodological grounds for the formation of the universal competence in the field of business foreign-language communication of the future bachelor in the field of speechwriting and business administration, on the one hand, and a social order for a competent bachelor of this profile, on the other hand. It conditioned the relevance of the study on planning the model of linguistic training, which allows future bachelors in the field of speechwriting and business administration to master successfully the universal competencies, primarily in the field of foreign-language business communication. In this we see the relevance of the study. Materials and methods. The regulatory documentation, scientific literature of domestic and foreign scientists on the problem of the research was studied and analyzed. The methodological foundations of the study are a set of approaches: competent, system-activity, communicative, professional-oriented. In the work we use theoretical research methods – analysis (the analysis of scientific literature and basic pedagogical concepts), synthesis, generalization, modeling. Study results. The study conducted by the authors made it possible to design a model of future bachelors, foreignlanguage and linguo-professional training in the field of speechwriting and business administration. It is aimed at mastering the universal competence in the process of studying a foreign language. The characteristics of the main structural blocks of the model (target, theoretical and methodological, meaningful, technological, diagnostic and effective) are presented. Conclusion. The further direction of the study was determined: the identification of the effectiveness of the developed model in the process of experimental training of future bachelors in the field of Philology, whose profile is Speechwriting and Business Administration.

О влиянии гормональной контрацепции на здоровье девушек-подростков.

The article presents an analysis of modern foreign scientific literature on the effect of hormonal contraception on the health of teenage girls; states the need to support expanded clinical research before implementing recommendations for the use of hormonal contraceptives among adolescents and to allocate funding for programs to promote, encourage, and distribute hormonal contraception among adolescents as the main means of preventing abortion. Given that WHO recognizes the lack of strong evidence of funding for programs promoting hormonal contraception promoted by international organizations, aimed primarily at the poor and marginalized sections of the population, in our country these programs should be considered unacceptable, and especially in general educational organizations. Today, more than ever, joint efforts are needed on the part of health authorities, education, family and society to promote preventive educational and health activities in order to inform adolescents about the risks of hormonal contraception on health, as well as to develop in young people a responsible attitude towards their health, starting a family and future motherhood.

Topical and Systemic Retinoids in the Management of Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Comprehensive Literature Review.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a debilitating chronic skin disorder characterized by painful inflammatory nodules, abscesses and sinus tracts involving intertriginous areas and has an adverse impact on patient quality of life. Over the past decade, the therapeutic options of HS have increased significantly to comprise multiple modalities, including topical medication, systemic therapies (mainly antibiotics, retinoids, and biologics), surgical approaches, and lifestyle modifications. Biologics alone or in combination with surgery remain the treatment of choice for moderate to severe disease. However, non-biologic therapies (including retinoids) may be used as monotherapy for mild disease and in combination with biologics and surgical treatment in moderate to severe disease. Retinoids, specifically isotretinoin, acitretin, and alitretinoin, are historically used in the management of HS, supported by anecdotal evidence and with variable treatment response. Although the current American and European guidelines offer different recommendations on the use of retinoids in HS, retinoids remain a valuable ally in HS management. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current scientific literature on retinoid therapy (topical and systemic) in HS, highlighting disparities in mechanisms of action, efficacy, and safety to clarify their role in HS treatment.

Digital resources in teaching Russian to Chinese students outside of the language environment

Introduction. Relations between China and Russia are becoming increasingly close, resulting in a high demand for Russian language specialists in the labor market. The lack of a language environment in Chinese universities is a pressing problem that teachers would like to solve. Therefore, the active implementation of digital technologies will undoubtedly compensate for this deficiency. The purpose of the study is to analyze the use of Chinese internet resources in teaching Russian language in Chinese universities. Materials and Methods. The study involved undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral students studying in the fields of "Russian as a Foreign Language", "Philology", "Linguistics" and "Russian Literature". A total of 117 respondents from nine higher education institutions in Russia and China. These institutions include Heilongjiang Institute of Foreign Languages, RUDN, Moscow State University, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Institute of China and Modern Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Russian State University of Tourism and Service, Inner Mongolia University, and Yili Pedagogical University. The research methods employed in the study were analysis of scientific and scientific-methodological literature, observational (monitoring of online and distance learning), diagnostic (interviews with teachers, student surveys), and statistical analysis. Results. It was found that Chinese students do not know which form of education is most preferable outside of the Russian-speaking environment (35.9% – online, 37.61% – in-person, 38.46% – blended). However, respondents (67%) stated that various online resources provide significant help in learning the Russian language. The most popular programs and platforms were Chinese Dingding and Tencent Meeting, international Microsoft Teams and Zoom. Not all Russian-language dictionaries are available online for Chinese people, which is why the share of translation programs assisting in learning Russian language has increased (over 70%). The most frequently used Chinese dictionary was "Qianyiciba" (62%), and the most popular websites include Google Translate, Yudao Translator, Baidu Translate, and Bilibili. It has been proven that among the main problems hindering the process of learning Russian language in online and distance learning formats, psychological discomfort, lack of communication, increase in independent work, and individualization in learning considering the personal needs of students should be highlighted. Conclusion. The results obtained make it possible to determine the prospects for using digital resources in teaching Russian as a foreign language to Chinese students outside of the language environment.

THE ESSENCE AND CLASSIFICATION OF MANAGEMENT DECISIONS: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECT

The decision-making process plays a crucial role in the management of any business and is a critical factor in its success and stable development. This process not only requires managers to be familiar with the latest methods and approaches to decision-making, but also requires a thorough analysis of the available information to provide an objective basis for selecting the most optimal solution. Management decisions made on the basis of a detailed study of factual data, the use of proven methods and the consideration of one's own experience in the field significantly increase the company's chances of success. The effectiveness of such decisions has a direct impact on the coherence and productivity of the company, transforming it into a well-established organisational mechanism capable of achieving set goals and adapting to changing external conditions. However, the key to improving management efficiency does not lie solely in the application of technical knowledge or data. It is also important for managers to understand the deeper meaning of the term "management decision". Such an understanding contributes to making decisions that are not only technically justified, but also morally justified, taking into account the broader context of the company's activities. The article examines the concept of "management decision", which is considered to be the most important element of any manager's activity. The authors reveal the essence of a managerial decision as a process and a result, which involves choosing an alternative course of action aimed at achieving the company's strategic goals. The subject of the study is a managerial decision as a process and result of a choice made by managers within their powers. The research methodology includes analysis of scientific literature, synthesis and generalisation of the results obtained, systematisation and classification of managerial decisions according to various criteria, as well as identification and description of the main criteria for making managerial decisions. The purpose of the publication is to reveal the concept of "managerial decision", to study its essence, classification and criteria for making it. The article defines the concept of "managerial decision" as a process and result of a choice between possible alternatives made by managers within the limits of their official powers and competences. This choice is aimed at achieving specific goals of the enterprise and solving emerging problems. It includes analysis of the existing situation, evaluation of possible options, their optimisation and economic justification, and finally, selection of the most effective way to achieve the goal. On the basis of generalisation of various approaches, a classification of managerial decisions by various criteria is proposed, which allows better understanding of their diversity and peculiarities. The article describes a set of criteria that serve as a basis for evaluation, development and adoption of managerial decisions. The paper emphasises the importance of a comprehensive approach to management decision-making, based on a thorough analysis of the situation, a balanced choice between alternatives and a clear definition of implementation mechanisms. The results of the study may be useful for executives at various levels, managers, and researchers studying the theory and practice of managerial decision-making.

Formulating Strategic Directions for Developing the National Sports Federation in Modern Socio-Economic Conditions

Objectives. The study aimed to substantiate theoretical and methodological approaches to choosing a development strategy for the National Sports Federation based on a strategic analysis of its activities in the current socio-economic conditions. Material and methods. The study involved an analysis of scientific and methodological literature, SWOT-analysis, methods of formalization and generalization, as well as mathematical statistics. Results. A study was conducted on the activities of the public organization “Fencing Federation of Ukraine” (“FFU” PO) using SWOT analysis, considering the current socio-economic conditions. As a result, the following components of four possible directions of the organization’s activities are determined: development strategy, limited-growth strategy, stabilization strategy, and protection strategy. After determining and quantitatively evaluating the factors and quality of the four directions in the “FFU” PO development, while taking into account the trend of world sports development, it can be concluded that the most promising direction for the “FFU” PO activities is a development strategy envisaging the use of the organization’s strengths to realize the external environment opportunities. Conclusions. It is proposed to use a development strategy in the activities of the “FFU” PO — diversification, which envisages innovations in management and marketing, ensuring the financial stability of the organization, improving the quality of athlete training through the introduction of new technologies, and consolidating the organization’s positive image.

THE USE OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS IN PASSIVE AND ACTIVE SAFETY OF AUTOMOBILE

The article deals with the relevance of using composite materials of biological and synthetic origin in the elements of passive and active safety of the car. The topic of road safety is still topical, as cars are becoming more and more every year. The safety characteristics of vehicles should improve and environmental pollution should be reduced. To achieve these goals, various approaches of using composite materials in car body elements have been proposed. In addition to safety features, composite materials also reduce the weight of the vehicle. Such a vehicle picks up speed faster and consumes less fuel, reducing environmental pollution. Using the example of a Porsche car, parts made entirely and with carbon fiber are examined. A summary of the further use of the technology in the country and the world is given. The purpose is to show the importance of using composite materials in active and passive safety elements of the car. Method and methodology of the work. Theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and technical literature in the context of research into the prospectivity of the use of composite materials in the automotive industry. Results. According to the conducted research and practical experience examples are given in which areas of automobile construction composite materials can be used. Scope of application of the results. The results can be used in the design and development of passive and active safety elements.

ИНДЕКС ФОНДООТДАЧИ: СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ И ФАКТОРЫ РОСТА

The scientific article contains an analysis of scientific literature on ensuring the efficient use of fixed assets in enterprises, research on capital productivity and capital intensity, and the development of main directions for the efficient use of fixed capital. The dynamics of the coefficients of renewal and disposal of fixed assets in the economy are presented in graphical form. The information base for the study was data from the official website of the Federal State Statistics Service. The maximum values of the renewal coefficient were observed in 2018, 2019 and 2022, and the minimum in 2015, 2020 and 2021. The maximum values of the retirement rate are presented in 2014, 2015 and 2016, and the minimum in 2019, 2020 and 2021. An econometric study of the capital productivity index showed an inverse and very weak relationship with the value of gross domestic product and the cost of fixed assets (the value of the correlation coefficient (index) (-0.1)): with an increase in the value of gross domestic product and the value of fixed assets in the period under study, no growth was observed capital productivity index. The value of the gross domestic product and the cost of fixed assets have a direct and close relationship (the value of the correlation coefficient (index) is 0.9): the annual growth of the gross domestic product is accompanied by an increase in the cost of fixed assets. A matrix of correlation coefficients (indices) was constructed to calculate the total correlation coefficient (index). The result of calculating the total correlation coefficient (index) (its value is 0.4) showed that there is a direct and weak connection between the capital productivity index, the value of the gross domestic product and the cost of fixed assets: the growth of the capital productivity index is weakly related to the growth of the gross domestic product and the cost of fixed assets funds.

Воспитательная работа как средство предотвращения отклоняющегося поведения сотрудников органов внутренних дел

Introduction. The article is aimed at examining the current situation in the organisation of educational work with the personnel of internal affairs bodies, identifying problematic issues and formulating the main directions for improving the activities to prevent deviant behaviour among employees of law enforcement agencies. Particular attention is paid to the patriotic education of law enforcers, since at present the issues of loyalty and fidelity to the Motherland are of primary importance for the formation of professional qualities. Modernisation of the system of educational work, associated with various factors, including the rapid digital transformation of social relations, will fully ensure the achievement of the objectives of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and will play a significant role in preventing possible negative manifestations. Research methods. General scientific methods such as: analysis of scientific literature, analysis of normative legal acts, comparative analysis, generalisation of theory and practice of issues of violation of official discipline and legality by employees were used in the research. The results of the research consist in the fact that the authors, based on the information received while studying the state of educational work, proposed measures to improve the quality and effectiveness of activities aimed at preventing the development of deviant behaviour in the staff of internal affairs bodies.

Providing students with feedback during online language projects

Importance. Digitalization of education provides new opportunities for organizing the learning process due to the properties of Internet platform tools. Internet platforms are especially relevant in the context of multidimensional tasks, such as Internet projects, because they are characterized by their complexity One of the directions of organizing Internet projects is provision of feedback.Materials and Methods. Using the analysis of scientific literature, the main characteristics of feedback related to its frequency (operational, systematic and episodic) and to its qualitative indicators (thoroughness, form of provision and degree of integration into the course) were identified.Results and Discussion. Feedback for Internet projects in foreign language classes was divided into two types: linguistic and subject-specific feedback. Language feedback acts as episodic and retroflexive feedback – it is provided at the end of the project when mistakes are made. Online text editors that allow commenting and tools for creating controls that can be used to integrate feedback into the learning process are suitable for providing. Subject-specific feedback, on the other hand, is systematic and immediate – its timely provision can influence the success of the project. It is provided through synchronous communication tools, both written text-based and video-based.Conclusion. Feedback in the performance of Internet projects is more systematized and detailed, compared to the classroom counterparts. The tools of Internet platforms provide new opportunities for analyzing materials and new ways of communication between teacher and learner.

Impact of medical bloggers’ activities on the prevention of disease risk, public, population and individual health: the opinion of social media users

Due to the high information and communication importance and potential of the medical blogosphere in the formation of health literacy of the population, there is the increased need to study the opinions of Russian social media users on the impact of the content of medical blogs on personal and public health. Aim of the study was to find out the opinion of social media users on the extent to which the activities of bloggers specializing in public health and health care topics influence the prevention of major non-communicable and infectious diseases, public and personal health, within the changing boundaries of medical knowledge broadcasting (using sociological methods). Material and methods. The authors conducted a quantitative sociological survey of 178 respondents - users of social media: 55 (30.9 %) women and 123 (69.1 %) men about visiting blogs specializing in public health and healthcare. The collection of information was carried out by e-mailing a questionnaire developed by the authors, and analyzed the answers to questions from active blog users through a Google form in April – May 2023. Results. The study results of the impact of bloggers’ activities on personal and public health, including those related to the quality of medical information disseminated in social media, are described. Respondents believe that medical bloggers have a greater impact on public health than personal health. At the same time, according to the respondents, the spheres of influence in the field of public health do not coincide with the spheres of influence in the field of personal health. Thus, 74.7 % of respondents believe that medical bloggers have an impact on maintaining a healthy lifestyle of the population, prevention (61.8 % of all respondents think so) and treatment of infectious diseases (61.2 %). The requirements for the quality of information provided by bloggers are considered. Based on the analysis of Russian and foreign scientific literature, the authors developed a graphical diagram of the effect of dissemination through the blogosphere of information in the field of health care and disease prevention. Conclusions. The content published on medical blogs affects the health literacy of the population. That is why, medical blogs can be seen as a social determinant of health, because health blogs can be the key to the success of disease prevention and control efforts for public health maintaining. For organizing a communication intervention of medical personnel in social media to inform the population about methods for preventing the risk of developing major non-communicable and infectious diseases and increasing the level of health literacy of the population, medical blogs can and should be used to inform and educate patients as part of general or targeted multimodal educational practices or as a means of delivering electronic content. The risks of publishing inaccurate information in the blogosphere must be considered, whereby patients can easily become misinformed, which can have serious consequences for their health, and even increase their risk of mortality. To make the best use of the blogosphere, it is necessary to solve the problems of content accuracy and increase the level of professionalism of bloggers who write on medical topics. They need to be professionally trained to work for health, contributing to the prevention of the risk of developing major non-communicable and communicable diseases, improving the health of the population through education, and raising the level of health literacy. It makes sense to assess the success of the communicative intervention of doctors in social media and their management of the training of medical bloggers as a personnel determinant of public health, since it will depend on the personnel potential of the healthcare sector.

Spiral curriculum in teaching French grammar for future linguists

Importance. The methodological potential of spiral curriculum in teaching future linguists French grammar is considered. This student-oriented technology is used to develop students’ skills in applying acquired knowledge in a foreign language to solve professional problems, it promotes the integration and structuring of acquired knowledge, and ensures the transition of educational activities into professional ones. The theoretical description of the spiral method is analyzed, its importance for teaching students grammar and its correct use in the process of written and oral communication is substantiated. The purpose of the research is to study the theoretical foundations of the construction of spiral curriculum, its application in teaching French grammar to future linguists, as well as to prove its productivity in the development of grammatical competence during French lessons.Materials and Methods. In the research the following manuals are used: “French language” by M.S. Levina, O.B. Samsonova, V.V. Kharauzova and “À l’heure actuelle” by Lucia Bonato. Theoretical analysis of scientific and methodological literature, advanced methodological experience; experiential learning; observation; survey; descriptions; elements of quantitative calculations are used.Results and Discussion. To create a didactic spiral, the following components are proposed: the main idea or purpose of studying the material, secondary (and subsequent) ideas, connections between components, illustrative material, color stimulus, and others corresponding to the topic of the course. The algorithm for working with spiral curriculum is defined, which includes four stages: information and preparatory (organizing work with the topic being studied), technological (student participation in discussion, analysis and comparison of studied grammatical forms), conceptualizing (drawing up mental maps and performing exercises), evaluative (testing and error correction). The following oral and written tasks are defined: discussion, testing, grammar exercises. The expediency of using spiral curriculum in teaching French grammar is confirmed in the experiment conducted by the authors; statistical calculations and survey of students have proven the effectiveness of the proposed technology.Conclusion. The effectiveness of using spiral curriculum in teaching French grammar to future linguists is proven. This technique ensures the integration of material and a smooth transition from educational activities to professional ones at each stage of the didactic spiral. The distribution of material from simple to more complex helps the student to master it in an organized and systematic manner. The compilation and use of mental maps improves and trains long-term memory, and has a positive effect on the learning and correct use of grammatical structures. Mind maps provide the opportunity to visually arrange material on the “surface”, making it easier to perceive and visualize it. The development of professional competence upon completion of work in a spiral is provided, namely the development of grammatical competence, communication skills and awareness both at the level of intentionality (motivation) and at the level of control (participation in discussion).

Quality and Effectiveness of AI Tools for Students and Researchers for Scientific Literature Review and Analysis.

This study scrutinizes free AI tools tailored for supporting literature review and analysis in academic research, emphasizing their response to direct inquiries. Through a targeted keyword search, we cataloged relevant AI tools and evaluated their output variation and source validity. Our results reveal a spectrum of response qualities, with some tools integrating non-academic sources and others depending on outdated information. Notably, most tools showed a lack of transparency in source selection. Our study highlights two key limitations: the exclusion of commercial AI tools and the focus solely on tools that accept direct research queries. This raises questions about the potential capabilities of paid tools and the efficacy of combining various AI tools for enhanced research outcomes. Future research should explore the integration of diverse AI tools, assess the impact of commercial tools, and investigate the algorithms behind response variability. This study contributes to a better understanding of AI's role in academic research, emphasizing the importance of careful selection and critical evaluation of these tools in academic endeavors.

Legal Regulation оf Insurance оf Clinical Trials оf Medicinal Products іn Ukraine

The article examines the current state and prospects of development of insurance for clinical trials of medicinal products in Ukraine, and also substantiates the need to introduce certain types of insurance in this area. As a result of a systematic analysis of current legislation, scientific literature and international acts, the author classifies persons participating in clinical trials of medicinal products into: 1) clinical trial subjects and 2) participants of such a scientific and medical experiment. In addition, the author outlines the main risks that arise for individual trial participants throughout the entire dynamics of clinical trials of medicines and proposes to minimize them by: changing the regulatory approach to making insurance mandatory by clarifying the subject matter of the insurance contract (insurance of liability of the investigator and sponsor of clinical trials); introduction of property insurance and liability insurance of manufacturers of medicinal products with state support; introduction of professional liability insurance of the investigator/co-investigator of clinical trials of medicinal products; introduction of insurance of investment and financial risks in the field of clinical trials of medicinal products with state support. It is also established that the peculiarities of the legal status of clinical trial participants, the specifics of their interests, and the need to participate in the trial influence the formation of the theory of multiple risks arising in the course of a clinical trial of a medicinal product and can be manifested as cases with negative consequences. The theory of multiple risks makes it possible to group them into different areas depending on the criterion of personalization (status of a person participating in a medical experiment: subject/ participant): 1) personal risks; 2) property risks; 3) liability risks.

Stavropol Regional Psychiatric Hospital: memory of the past – a ladder to the future

In 2023, 80 years have passed since the liberation of Stavropol from the Nazi invaders. The staff and patients of the psychiatric hospital were subjected to the horrors of the fascist regime. 660 patients and 30 employees of the Stavropol Psychiatric Hospital died in the gas chambers. The hospital honors the memory and does its best to preserve the story of people selflessly fulfilling their duty in difficult times for her and the whole country.The purpose of the study. In honor of the anniversary memorable date, the authors of the article want to tell about the history of the Stavropol Regional Psychiatric Hospital in chronological order from the day of its foundation to the present day.Materials and methods: a systematic analysis of scientific literature, archival data of the hospital was carried out, the A.J. Dorsht foundation, stored in the Museum of History of Stavropol State Medical University, was used.Results and discussion. The authors tell about the life of the hospital in different historical periods of our country. Special attention is paid to the period of the Great Patriotic War. It tells about the horrors that the hospital experienced during the German occupation, about the victims among patients and employees whose lives were claimed by the Great Patriotic War. The period of leadership of the outstanding chief physician, man and teacher, Adolf Yakovlevich Dorsht, is described with great respect and recognition. The article summarizes the history of the development of modern psychiatric services in the Stavropol Territory, the prevention of suicidal behavior among adolescents, the provision of psychiatric care to the population during a pandemic and a special military operation.Conclusion. Having survived many trials in its lifetime, at present the Stavropol Regional Psychiatric Hospital has been awarded numerous awards for asceticism in the field of mental health and is the largest in the North Caucasus.

The bile salt/phospholipid ratio determines the extent of in vitro intestinal lipolysis of triglycerides: Interfacial and emulsion studies

This study focused on the protein-stabilised triglyceride (TG)/water interfaces and oil-in-water emulsions, and explored the influence of varying molar ratios of bile salts (BSs) and phospholipids (PLs) on the intestinal lipolysis of TGs. The presence of these two major groups of biosurfactants delivered with human bile to the physiological environment of intestinal digestion was replicated in our experiments by using mixtures of individual BSs and PLs under in vitro small intestinal lipolysis conditions. Conducted initially, retrospective analysis of available scientific literature revealed that an average molar ratio of 9:4 for BSs to PLs (BS/PL) can be considered physiological in the postprandial adult human small intestine. Our experimental data showed that combining BSs and PLs synergistically enhanced interfacial activity, substantially reducing oil–water interfacial tension (IFT) during interfacial lipolysis experiments with pancreatic lipase, especially at the BS/PL–9:4 ratio. Other BS/PL molar proportions (BS/PL–6.5:6.5 and BS/PL–4:9) and an equimolar amount of BSs (BS–13) followed in IFT reduction efficiency, while using PLs alone as biosurfactants was the least efficient. In the following emulsion lipolysis experiments, BS/PL–9:4 outperformed other BS/PL mixtures in terms of enhancing the TG digestion extent. The degree of TG conversion and the desorption efficiency of interfacial material post-lipolysis correlated directly with the BS/PL ratio, decreasing as the PL proportion increased. In conclusion, this study highlights the crucial role of biliary PLs, alongside BSs, in replicating the physiological function of bile in intestinal lipolysis of emulsified TGs. Our results showed different contributions of PLs and BSs to lipolysis, strongly suggesting that any future in vitro studies aiming to simulate the human digestion conditions should take into account the impact of biliary PLs – not just BSs – to accurately mimic the physiological role of bile in intestinal lipolysis. This is particularly crucial given the fact that existing in vitro digestion protocols typically focus solely on applying specific concentrations and/or compositions of BSs to simulate the action of human bile during intestinal digestion, while overlooking the presence and concentration of biliary PLs under physiological gut conditions.

Parental Supervision and Control as a Predictive Factor of Juvenile Delinquency

Parental control and supervision is considered one of the key factors in raising children. There are numerous studies and researches in the literature that have tried to prove the correlation between parental control and juvenile delinquency. The results of these studies have varied, sometimes confirming and sometimes denying a direct link between parental control and certain forms of juvenile delinquent behavior. However, the modern child and family go through a new socialization process that brings challenges for both children and parents. The goal of our paper is to clarify the terminological confusions present in this area and highlight the actuality of the issue of parental control over the behavior of minors. Through a review of existing domestic and foreign scientific literature, using quantitative and qualitative content analysis, comparative analysis and comparative and historical methods, we want to point out the importance of parental control and supervision in shaping the behavior of minors, with special reference to the manifestation of delinquent patterns. The results of our research indicate a significant correlation between different forms of parental control and supervision with the behavior of minors, with noticeable changes compared to traditional methods of control. The obtained results emphasize the need for educating and advising parents about modern achievements in this area, as well as providing support in adapting to new trends and security challenges, including the impact of information technology, social media and other factors that are now part of everyday life and were not present in the past. The practical importance of our research implies that the theoretical conclusions can be used as a basis for further research in the field of parental control and supervision, as well as juvenile delinquency, with the aim of developing measures for its prevention.