Analysis Of Scientific Literature Research Articles

Anticancer properties of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives (literature review)

Cancer is still one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Statistical data show that more than 130,000 people in Ukraine receive this diagnosis as a sentence every year. Cancer can affect any organ and eventually the whole body. In most cases, cancer is a tumor affecting epithelial, mucous, muscle, fat, and bone tissues. Also, processes related to malignant formations can occur in the blood and lymph. The main mechanism that triggers the process of formation of neoplasms is a violation of growth and, accordingly, cell division. They begin to grow uncontrollably, multiply, and can also migrate, spreading to nearby tissue structures, and later degenerate into atypical (malignant) ones. Cancer is one of the most life-threatening diseases. Literature data show that more than 90 % of cancer patients die due to chronic metastases. Cancer therapy involves the use of drugs that block the growth and spread of cancer cells by affecting certain molecular structures involved in the growth, progression, and spread of cancer. The diversity of the use of means for cancer therapy, namely, hormone therapy, the use of angiogenesis inhibitors and apoptosis inducers, has provided scientists with various options for finding effective means to fight this disease. Aim. The aim of the work is the analysis and systematization of new data on the anticancer activity of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives and the selection of the most promising directions for further scientific research based on the results of the analysis. Materials and methods. The study employed various methods, including analysis, information search, bibliosemantic analysis, descriptive techniques, and generalization. Research materials primarily comprised literary sources containing information on the promising array of new biologically active compounds, particularly 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, known for their targeted anticancer properties. Results. A literature search was carried out, 1,2,4-triazole derivatives with antitumor activity were analysed, characterized and summarized. Based on the study of available information and conducting an information and patent search, it was established that the market of Ukraine is insufficiently saturated with 1,2,4-triazole-containing drugs with anticancer activity of domestic production. It was determined that the development of new effective drugs based on 1,2,4-triazole and potential drugs with clearly directed anticancer activity requires a systematic approach both in conducting synthetic tests and screening new compounds for further structural optimization of molecules. Conclusions. The analysis of scientific literature in recent years devoted to the study of the anticancer activity of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives convincingly proves the prospect of further research in this direction. Numerous publications indicate the possibility of constant improvement of molecules with regard to the presence of anticancer activity. Domestic and foreign authors have clearly and argumentatively proven the perspective of the scientific direction for the creation of new original drugs to combat various oncopathologies.

Anticancer properties of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives (literature review)

Cancer is still one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Statistical data show that more than 130,000 people in Ukraine receive this diagnosis as a sentence every year. Cancer can affect any organ and eventually the whole body. In most cases, cancer is a tumor affecting epithelial, mucous, muscle, fat, and bone tissues. Also, processes related to malignant formations can occur in the blood and lymph. The main mechanism that triggers the process of formation of neoplasms is a violation of growth and, accordingly, cell division. They begin to grow uncontrollably, multiply, and can also migrate, spreading to nearby tissue structures, and later degenerate into atypical (malignant) ones. Cancer is one of the most life-threatening diseases. Literature data show that more than 90 % of cancer patients die due to chronic metastases. Cancer therapy involves the use of drugs that block the growth and spread of cancer cells by affecting certain molecular structures involved in the growth, progression, and spread of cancer. The diversity of the use of means for cancer therapy, namely, hormone therapy, the use of angiogenesis inhibitors and apoptosis inducers, has provided scientists with various options for finding effective means to fight this disease. Aim. The aim of the work is the analysis and systematization of new data on the anticancer activity of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives and the selection of the most promising directions for further scientific research based on the results of the analysis. Materials and methods. The study employed various methods, including analysis, information search, bibliosemantic analysis, descriptive techniques, and generalization. Research materials primarily comprised literary sources containing information on the promising array of new biologically active compounds, particularly 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, known for their targeted anticancer properties. Results. A literature search was carried out, 1,2,4-triazole derivatives with antitumor activity were analysed, characterized and summarized. Based on the study of available information and conducting an information and patent search, it was established that the market of Ukraine is insufficiently saturated with 1,2,4-triazole-containing drugs with anticancer activity of domestic production. It was determined that the development of new effective drugs based on 1,2,4-triazole and potential drugs with clearly directed anticancer activity requires a systematic approach both in conducting synthetic tests and screening new compounds for further structural optimization of molecules. Conclusions. The analysis of scientific literature in recent years devoted to the study of the anticancer activity of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives convincingly proves the prospect of further research in this direction. Numerous publications indicate the possibility of constant improvement of molecules with regard to the presence of anticancer activity. Domestic and foreign authors have clearly and argumentatively proven the perspective of the scientific direction for the creation of new original drugs to combat various oncopathologies.

Energy Intensity Forecasting Models for Manufacturing Industries of “Catching Up” Economies: Lithuanian Case

The objective of this research was to construct energy intensity forecasting models for key manufacturing industries, with a particular focus on “catching up” European economies. Future energy intensity values serve as the foundation for energy demand forecasts, which are essential inputs for the analysis of countries’ decarbonisation scenarios. The Lithuanian case is analysed in the context of its efforts to reach the economic development level of the most advanced European Union (EU) countries. The scientific literature and energy policy analysis, interdependence (correlation and regression), tendency and case analysis, logical economic reasoning, and graphical representation methods have been applied. The energy intensity forecasts until 2050 were based on historical statistical data of value added and final energy consumption of EU countries from 2000 to 2021. The analysis of historical trends revealed a remarkable decrease in industrial energy intensity in most EU countries, including Lithuania. Given the rapid pace of decline in historical energy intensity, the values observed in individual Lithuanian industries have already reached levels comparable to the most economically advanced EU countries. Four econometric trendlines were employed to construct forecasting models for energy intensity. The results for Lithuania demonstrated that the selected trendlines exhibited a high degree of fit with historical energy intensity data from the EU, as evidenced by their R2 values. Furthermore, the forecasts were shown to be highly accurate, with their MAPEs remaining below 10% in most cases. Nevertheless, the logarithmic trendline was found to be the most accurate for forecasting energy intensity in total manufacturing (MAPE = 4.0%), non-metallic minerals (MAPE = 3.5%), and food, beverages, and tobacco (MAPE = 4.1%) industries, with the exponential trendline in the chemical industry (MAPE = 8.7%) and the moving average in the total manufacturing industry (MAPE = 4.0%), food industries (MAPE = 4.0%), and remaining aggregate industries (MAPE = 14.5%). It is forecasted that energy intensity could decline by 8 to 16% to 1.10–1.20 kWh/EUR in Lithuania’s manufacturing industries by 2050.

Axiological foundations of a journalist's professional activity

The professional activity of a journalist has a clearly expressed value character, reflecting the ideological and ethical principles of this field. This article analyzes the following values of journalism: 1. The principle of humanity, based on humanistic ideals and responsible attitude towards people. 2. The principle of truthfulness, which implies the accuracy of information transmission and interpretation of facts as a professional duty. 3. The principle of honesty, which assumes not only the prevention of misleading the audience, but also the refusal to harm people. 4. The principle of responsibility, which includes a set of requirements for professionalism, text quality, objectivity and balance. These value orientations represent ideal entities existing in the world of due and target orientations. Being rooted in the philosophical tradition, they streamline and fill the professional activity of journalists with evaluative content, determining its orientation towards serving society and affirming humanistic ideals. The following methods are used in the work: 1. Theoretical analysis of philosophical and scientific literature on the problem of axiological foundations of journalism. 2. A comparative analytical method used in comparing various concepts of values in the philosophical tradition. 3. An interpretive method used for meaningful analysis and evaluative filling of the value principles that form the axiological basis of the professional activity of journalists. Summarizing, we can say that the value system of journalism is characterized by the principles of humanity, truthfulness, honesty and responsibility. These values reflect the ideological and ethical basis of the professional activity of journalists. The analysis allows us to conclude that the values of journalism are ideological and ethical. The key value principles in this professional field are humanity, truthfulness, honesty and responsibility. These values represent the normative guidelines of journalists' consciousness and behavior, which streamline and fill their professional activities with evaluative content. Rooted in the philosophical tradition, they are interpreted as ideal entities existing in a world of due and purpose. Thus, the axiological basis of journalism determines its orientation towards truth, service to society and affirmation of humanistic ideals. This value system sets the ethical vector of media communications, making journalism a socially responsible profession.

Character conflicts in the work of Dina Rubina

The subject of the study is the conflicts between the characters in the works of Dina Rubina – "Lubka", "On the Upper Maslovka", and the object is the work of Dina Rubina as a whole. This article analyzes the conflicts that arise between the characters in the literary works of the famous Russian writer Dina Rubina: "Lyubka", "On the Upper Maslovka". Through the clash of characters, the author of the article discusses how Rubina reveals the complex vicissitudes of human life, emotional experiences and psychological drama. Readers can follow the development of conflicts, their impact on the fate of characters and how they help to reveal the main ideas of each work. The thematic aspects of Dina Rubina's works and their relationship with conflicts between characters are also highlighted. Special attention is paid to the analysis of psychological aspects and the depth of characterization of the characters, so that readers can fully sympathize with them and plunge into the unique world created by the author. Research methods include the analysis of scientific literature on the research topic, critical analysis of texts, comparative analysis and generalization of the data obtained. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the fact that it is aimed at identifying and systematizing character conflicts in Rubina's stories and represents the first experience of a comprehensive analysis of this issue. Summing up the impact of conflicts on the artistic value of Dina Rubina's works, we can say that they create realism and depth of works. The conflict allows us to reveal the complexity of the inner world of the characters and put them in front of a serious moral choice. They help to show conflicts in social issues and family relationships, as well as promote understanding and acceptance of different points of view. In general, the conflicts in Dina Rubina's works contribute to their deep content and reflect the complex reality of modern society.

FROM THE HISTORY OF THE ALASH MOVEMENT’S SOCIO-POLITICAL ACTIVITIES DURING THE CIVIL WAR

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the need to expand the amount of available information on the history of socio-political movements during the Civil War in the Russian Empire. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to reveal the essence of the Alash movement in Kazakhstan, its socio-political activities, and the consequences of the Civil War. The method of critical analysis was chosen as the primary approach, which facilitated the effective processing of archival and scientific sources of information, based on which further research was conducted. The following methods of scientific cognition were also used: historical and genetic, historical and system, diachronic analysis, heuristic, synthesis, deduction, and comparison. This study examines the establishment and activities of Alash Autonomy, analyzing archival facts and papers by Kazakh and foreign researchers. It cites eyewitness accounts, explores the political structure, evaluates leaders' actions, and explains intelligence work's consequences. It justifies changes in allies, details Alash-Soviet Russia cooperation, and describes outcomes. The materials of this research paper are of practical value for historical science due to the presented assessment of data on the Alash movement, analysis of scientific literature, observation and discussion presented in this study.

Methods for Measuring the Impact of Sustainable Tourism Development on Climate and Environment

Climate and environmental change is a growing topic in the post-Covid-1, when tourism growth is recovering. Tourism is a significant polluter of the environment and a rapid response to climate change is needed. Methods for assessing the climate and environmental impact of sustainable tourism development help to measure and communicate the environmental impact of tourism activities, but they are difficult to select and often lack indicators. The aim of the study was to choose methods for assessing the climate and environmental impact of sustainable tourism development in the context of Latvia. The study was based on the analysis of scientific literature, the grouping of methods for assessing the climate and environmental impact of sustainable tourism development according to their functional characteristics i.e. "preventive", "protective", "estimating" and "carbon emission determining" methods. A multi-criteria decision-making method was used for the selection of evaluation methods - Analytical hierarchy process with empirical analysis (AHA) of the obtained weights. By summarising the environmental and climate indicators available for a specific region of Latvia regarding the impact of tourism and experts evaluating the obtained results, the most suitable method for evaluating the impact of tourism development on the climate and environment is the Tourism value chain for low carbon content and efficient use of resources. However, the authors' recommendation for researchers: 1) when evaluating the impact of tourism development on the climate and environment, the choice of method ought to be based on evaluation indicators available for a specific study; 2) in research combinations of sets of "evaluative" and "carbon emission determining” methods should be used.

Advancing a Holistic Framework for Classifying SAI Performance Audit Impact Factors: Integrated Scientific Assumptions

The article raises the problem of the need to reconceptualize the framework of the impact factors of the performance audit performed by Supreme Audit Institutions (SAI). The research aims to identify performance audit impact factors and propose an expanded, comprehensive framework. To implement the aim, the integrative method of scientific literature analysis is employed. Throughout the study, a systematic exploration of scientific literature is conducted to identify and organize hypothetical and previously researched impact factors discussed by scholars. The identified factors are aggregated according to their characteristics, meaning, or nature, and are divided into ten pillars: accountability, context, legitimacy, political overtones, quality of the performance audit, social relations, stakeholders, logic of public administration, the multifunctional activity of performance audit, and the individual. The broader framework of performance audit impact factors created will be beneficial for further research into managing these factors, enhancing evaluation opportunities, enabling performance auditors to mitigate associated risks, and capitalizing on the positive properties of these factors.

Implementation of a client–centric model of customer service (based on the example of customer service in the field of telecommunications and communications)

Growing competitive pressure and problems of customer churn in the telecommunications industry determine the need for an intensive transition to customer–centric service. The article studies the features of the implementation of a client–centric model of customer service using the example of customer service in the field of telecommunications and communications. The key stages and principles of transition to a customer–centric model are formulated, and the maturity levels of the customer relationship management system are highlighted. Based on the analysis of scientific literature on the research topic, the features and key approaches to managing customer service, development and strategic planning in the activities of telecommunications companies are determined. Objective differences are established in building relationships with B2C and B2B client segments. Based on the results of the study, recommendations are formulated for the implementation of a client–centric model of client service in the field of telecommunications and communications, suggesting a transition to an integrated construction of a client–centric business model for the telecommunications business. It is emphasized that despite the historical tendency towards short–term planning in the telecommunications industry, a customer–centric business model is becoming increasingly in demand in inextricable connection with the ecosystem approach and maximum customer retention.

Scientific competence during medical education - insights from a cross-sectional study at a German Medical School

BackgroundMedical knowledge regarding the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of diseases is constantly evolving. To effectively incorporate these findings into professional practice, it is crucial that scientific competencies are a central component of medical education. This study seeks to analyse the current state of scientific education and students’ desires for integration into the curriculum.MethodsFrom October to December 2022, a survey was distributed at the Medical Faculty Dresden to all medical students from the 1st to 5th academic year (AY). The survey investigates current expectations of applying scientific competencies later in professional life, and the students were asked to self-assess various scientific skills and in relation to the National Competence Based Catalogue of Learning Objectives for Undergraduate Medical Education. The self-assessments were objectified through a competence test with ten multiple-choice questions. The desire for curricular teaching was inquired.Results860 students completed the survey. This corresponds to a response rate of 64%. In the 5th AY, approximately 80% of the participants stated that they expected to work with scientific literature on a daily to monthly basis in future professional life and to communicate corresponding scientific findings to patients. Only 30–40% of the 5th AY rate their scientific competencies as sufficient to do this appropriately. This corresponds with the self-assessed competencies that only slightly increased over the 5 AYs from 14.1 ± 11.7 to 21.3 ± 13.8 points (max. 52) and is also reflected in the competence test (1st AY 3.6 ± 1.75 vs. 5th AY 5.5 ± 1.68, max. 10 points). Half of the students in the 4th and 5th AYs were dissatisfied with the current teaching of scientific skills. The majority preferred the implementation of a science curriculum (56%), preferably as seminars dealing with topics such as literature research, analysis, and science communication.ConclusionsThe results show discrepancies between expectations of using scientific knowledge in everyday professional life, self-rated and objectively recorded competencies, and the current state of curricular teaching of scientific competencies. There is a strong need for adequate practical training, particularly in critical analyses of scientific literature, which enables the communication of scientific knowledge to patients.

A bibliometric analysis of scientific literature on alternate wetting and drying (AWD)

The study presents a bibliometric analysis of scientific literature on alternate wetting and drying (AWD) as a water-saving irrigation practice for rice cultivation. Data were collected from the Web of Science, resulting in a database of 439 articles written by 2574 authors in 167 journals. The study reveals the growing importance of AWD in publications from the 90s to mid-2022, with fast growth and reaching its peak in the last 5 years, suggesting that the full potential of AWD remains yet to be realised and explored. Most papers are produced in oriental countries, except the USA and Australia. The trend of keywords in the research on AWD reveals a persistence of certain themes throughout the years while simultaneously showcasing a clear evolution of the topics being addressed. In addition to optimising productivity and agricultural yields, research now encompasses environmental issues and human and crop health, reflecting a broader trend in agriculture and research towards sustainable and environmentally responsible practices. This analysis provides insights into the development and direction of research in AWD, emphasising the need for future research to address the emerging concerns of the impact of AWD on the environment, human and crop health, and economic profitability of AWD adoption.

Modern methods of distance learning in the educational process of a higher education institution

Relevance. Due to the spread of COVID-19, the study and practical application of effective distance learning methods have become the most relevant subjects in teaching. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to analyse modern methods and tools for the implementation of distance learning in universities, which can form the basis of teachers' professional readiness for the online learning process. Methodology. Since this subject is broad in content, the study consisted of two parts: theoretical and practical, where functional and dialectical approaches and general methods of research are used: analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalisation, and analysis of scientific literature. Results. The theoretical part analysed the online organisation of the educational process at the I. Zhansugurov Zhetysu University (Republic of Kazakhstan) and the Moscow Institute of Psychoanalysis (Russian Federation), which allowed defining the basic concepts of distance learning. In practice, the criteria of teachers' readiness and modern methods of distance learning are proposed. Conclusions. In conclusion, the study highlights the critical role of modern distance learning methods in higher education, particularly in response to the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. By analyzing the implementation of these methods at I. Zhansugurov Zhetysu University and the Moscow Institute of Psychoanalysis, the research identifies essential concepts and practical strategies for effective online education. The proposed criteria for teachers' readiness emphasize the importance of equipping educators with the necessary skills and tools for distance learning. These findings can inform the development of comprehensive training programs to enhance the quality of online education in universities. Keywords: distance learning; education; teacher; student; advanced training; retraining; readiness

REGIONAL HETEROGENEITY IN ADAPTING TO EXTERNAL CHALLENGES: METHODOLOGICAL FEATURES OF ASSESSMENT

In conditions of external challenges, each region reacts to changes in a special way, which determines the heterogeneity of adaptations. The aim of the article is to analyze the methodological features of assessing regional heterogeneity of adaptation to the impact of external challenges. Accordingly, the subject of the study is the consideration of the peculiarities of regional heterogeneity of adaptation to external challenges. Drawing on the analysis of scientific literature, the author systematizes and discloses the groups of approaches concerning various aspects of regional adaptation and assessment of its heterogeneity in terms of: adaptations to future changes as a result of digitalization and automation; economic development of regions and financial provision of the population's interests; spatial features of regional development; creation of conditions for population adaptation and implementation of adaptation opportunities. Based on the results of the study, the author identifies methodological features of the assessment, taking into account: the characteristics of the challenge of the external environment, the level of provision of territories with adaptive capabilities, the manifestation of new elements and structures that characterize the changing environment, their inconsistencies with the management context of regional development, the ability of the regional management system to cope with the relevant changes by optimizing regional management on the basis of a targeted impact on the priorities of the elements of the system. The author proposes the use of indicative assessment methods for the implementation of adaptation as a management function, based on the achievement of target development indicators (set by various development programs and projects), which would ensure the selection of priorities and the development of measures to increase the adaptive capacity of regions in order to improve the directions of the state policy of regional equalization. The results obtained may be in demand for further research concerning the study of regional processes and the substantiation of specific forms and mechanisms of adaptation, as well as the development of a methodology for assessing regional heterogeneity of adaptation.

THE ANALYSIS OF UTENA DISTRICT RESIDENTS’ OPINION OF UTENA LOCAL LORE MUSEUM ACTIVITY

In the article, the authors analyze the Utena district residents’ opinion of Utena Local Lore Museum activity. The purpose of the research is to analyze the Utena district residents’ opinion of Utena Local Lore museum activities and to present proposals for improving Utena Local Lore Museum activity. During the research, a questionnaire survey was conducted. Data collection methods - analysis of scientific literature and sources, quantitative research (questionnaire survey). The article analyzes Utena district residents’ opinion of Utena Local Lore Museum activity from a theoretical point of view and presents the results of the conducted research. It is concluded that according to the results of the conducted research, visiting the Utena Local Lore Museum is encouraged by various entertainments, exhibitions, events and education, but, according to the respondents, all this should be related to the Utena region and its history. Repeated visits of the respondents to the museum would be determined by updated expositions, offered entertainment, and interesting presentations

ANALYSIS OF CONSUMERS' ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURISM SECTOR IN THE LITHUANIA REGIONS

In the article, the author analyzes the attitude of consumers towards the sustainable development of the tourism sector in the Lithuania regions. The purpose of the research is to analyze the attitude of consumers towards the sustainable development of the tourism sector in the Lithuania regions. During the research, a quantitative survey (questionnaire survey) was conducted. Data collection methods - analysis of scientific literature and sources, document analysis, questionnaire survey. The article analyzes the consumers' attitude towards the sustainable development of the tourism sector from a theoretical point of view and presents the results of the conducted research. It is concluded that the respondents consider the following factors of sustainable development of the tourism sector to be the most important: development of ecological tourism; accessibility of tourism; creation of tourist routes accessible to all; certification of tourism services; development of the common national route and development of bicycle tourism infrastructure, etc. According to the respondents, the following problems of sustainable development of the tourism sector are usually encountered: economic problem: insufficient investments in the development of sustainable tourism; lack of knowledge about the essence and principles of sustainable tourism in local politics; underdeveloped tourism sector infrastructure, etc.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF THE U22 WOMEN EUROPEAN BOXING CHAMPIONSHIPS

In recent years, women's boxing has undergone a significant transformation, becoming not only a popular sport but also an important phenomenon within the contexts of globalization and gender equality. The refinement of athletes' training programs through analytical examination of competitive performances is deemed a critical aspect. However, only a limited number of studies have been conducted exploring the performance indicators of amateur women's boxing. The aim of the research is to determine the performance indicators of female boxers at the U22 European Championship 2023 and to conduct a comparative analysis of winners and losers. The study employs the following methods: analysis of scientific literature, video analysis of boxing bouts, and methods of mathematical statistics. This investigation analysed 12 concluding matches with 24 contenders, identifying punches and movements via video review. It was found that winners, on average, deliver 8.4% more punches and execute 13.2% more movements than their opponents throughout the bout. Analysis revealed that winners are statistically significantly more active in moving around the ring during the second and third rounds and deliver more punches in the third round.

DYNAMICS OF STUDENTS’ PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING

This scientific article reflects the results of research on the psychological well-being of students of Rēzekne Academy of Technologies in 2019 and 2023. The need for such studies is justified by recent studies in various countries, which show that the prevalence and severity of mental problems among young people is increasing. Taken together, these studies show that students are increasingly experiencing symptoms of increased anxiety and stress, as well as depression. Thus, the deterioration of students' psychological well-being is a major challenge in modern universities. The aim of the empirical study: to reflect the dynamics of the level and content of the psychological well-being of young students. The analysis of scientific literature and empirical results is used as a basic method in the development of the article.

RESEARCH ON THE LEVEL OF PROFESSIONAL BURNOUT OF THE EMPLOYEES OF THE OUTPATIENT HEALTH CENTRE "X" THE FACTORS INFLUENCING IT, AND DEVELOPMENT OF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR BURNOUT MANAGEMENT IN THE WORK ENVIRONMENT

Over the past three years, the COVID-19 pandemic caused medical congestion and increased the incidence of burnout among medical professionals. In Europe, about a third of medical professionals experienced burnout. The aim of the study is to investigate the burnout rate of the staff of the outpatient health centre “X” and to develop recommendations for reducing burnout in the work environment. Methods used were scientific literature analysis, interview of the heads of the structural units of the observed outpatient centre, Maslach Burnout Inventory, qualitative data analysis, and quantitative data analysis. The research took place in Riga in spring 2022. The study results showed that the average burnout level in this outpatient centre is middle level. The most suffer from burnout functional specialists.

Opularization of Nordic Combined Through the Introduction of New Disciplines in the Program of Various Ranks Competitions.

Topicality. The presented research paper examines and analyzes the regulations for holding Nordic combined competitions at the Olympic and non-Olympic disciplines. The main changes and expansion of sports competition programs, which took place during the last decades and influenced its popularization, have been described. The purpose of the research. Analysis of the dynamics and reasons for the introduction of new disciplines into the program of competitions of various ranks at Nordic combined. Research methods. Analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, theoretical analysis of regulatory documents and documentation of competitive sports activities (detailed analysis of the International Ski and Snowboard Federation`s bulletins) and review of research analytical sources and information from e-resources (search and analysis of historical data). The research results. Based on a detailed analysis of scientific and methodological sources and available Internet sources as well as the new competition rules, it was found that the basis of the Nordic combined competitions is the following disciplines: a) the individual Gundersen competitions (standard normal and large ski jumping hills; 10 km competition in cross-country skiing), the Men's team sprint competition (included into the program of the Winter Olympic Games only for men); b) the mass start (individual competitions), the Women`s individual Gundersen competitions, the Women`s team sprint. This allowed to systematize the peculiarities of competitive activity and highlight the main aspects in the above mentioned disciplines in accordance with the modern rules of the Nordic combined competitions. Findings. Among the reasons for radical changes and innovations into the Nordic combined was a long stagnation and reluctance to make unpopular decisions, which led to a decline, a decrease in popularity and the number of the competition participants. During the 100-year FIS history, the most changes occurred at the end of the 20th – beginning of the 21st century, in particular, the Gundersen method application, the introduction and search for new disciplines, etc.

ART BOOKS IN CONTEMPORARY CULTURAL SPACE

A study on art books is necessary to understand their role in contemporary cultural spaces and how to create a great book on art that contributes to enriching cultural landscapes. The article highlights the relevance of printed books in today's context, focusing on art themes, emphasizing the significance of art literature in the digital age, pointing out its ability to offer a deeper engagement with art phenomena. The aim of the article is to explore the types of art books and their significance in contemporary cultural spaces. Research methods include theoretical approaches involving the exploration, compilation, and analysis of relevant scientific and professional literature and sources. A survey, conducted through structured interviews, involved questioning cultural and art experts about the significance of art books in today's cultural spaces. The results of the study demonstrate that the relevance of books, including art books, will persist; their publication in print format will not disappear as art books possess added value created by the physical, tangible format of the book, its design elements, material properties, and diverse culturally significant content.