Analysis Of Scientific Literature Research Articles

PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF MELATONIN AND ITS POTENTIAL APPLICATION IN THERAPY OF GOUT AND ASSOCIATED DISEASES

Introduction. The disturbance in biosynthetic activity of pinealocytes of the pineal gland and subsequent melatonin deficiency in the body are linked to the progression of certain chronic diseases. This has prompted research into correcting chrono-biological dysfunctions, particularly in conditions such as gout and its comorbidities. This study aims to analyze the potential use of melatonin in correcting metabolic disorders in gout and to justify its use as a pharmacotherapeutic agent for treating metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Materials and methods. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of modern scientific literature from specialized domestic and foreign sources. Emphasis was placed on studies exploring the pharmacological and pharmacotherapeutic aspects of melatonin use in both experimental and clinical settings, particularly those conducted in the last 5-6 years. Results. The research data revealed three main aspects of the problem that must be addressed to understand the experimental, biological, pharmacological, and pharmacotherapeutic foundations for the long-term use of melatonin in clinical practice. The first part of the review highlighted the significant impact of melatonin homeostasis disruption on the pathogenesis of gout and its progression in comorbidity with other conditions such as hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. The role of chronobiological disorders and desynchronosis in the progression of these diseases was also established. Pharmacological studies demonstrated the pivotal role of melatonin, as an important factor in neuroendocrine regulation, in organizing the circadian rhythm of the body's vital functions under normal and pathological conditions. Melatonin was found to normalize the pathological processes underlying gout development and comorbid diseases, providing a scientific basis for its use in the treatment of gout, cardiovascular diseases, disturbed metabolic processes, and normalization of circadian rhythms in patients with these conditions. Conclusions. This paper presents data on the causes of gout development and progression, as well as some comorbid diseases, from the perspective of chronobiological disruptions in the body's functions. The review sections delve into the pharmacological and pharmacotherapeutic aspects of melatonin's therapeutic action. The findings confirm the importance of melatonin in effectively treating gout and other comorbid diseases and metabolic disorders.

Adaptation of Ukrainian Higher Education Students to the Wartime Stress Factor

The wartime stress factor is a significant challenge for mental health. Ukrainian higher education students have been studying under martial law for over two years. Therefore, investigating their adaptation to these conditions is crucial. Aim: To examine how Ukrainian higher education students adapt to the wartime stressor. Methods: Analysis of scientific literature, surveys, and statistical analysis. The three-wave study spanned from April 20, 2022, to December 19, 2023. It involved 1901 students from various regions of Ukraine. Results: No significant changes were found in students' experiences of psychological problems or harmful habits like smoking and alcohol consumption (p>0.05) during the wartime stressor period. This may suggest that students are struggling to adapt to the war. However, the use of calming medications increased by 0.4% compared to the first stage of the study and by 6.3% compared to the second (p<0.05). Gender and the number of stressful experiences emerged as factors influencing students' use of calming medications. Female students showed greater difficulty adapting to the wartime stressor compared to male students. Additionally, the more stressful experiences students reported, the more likely they were to use calming medications. While being in the center of hostilities can be highly traumatic, it did not significantly affect the use of calming medications. Similarly, the field of study did not show a significant influence (p>0.05). Conclusions: The findings suggest that students have not yet adapted to the war. Developing and implementing psychological and pedagogical support measures for this youth group through physical activity interventions is a relevant area for further research.

Problems of late radiation injuries of the skin and possibilities of their treatment

Currently there is a problem of insufficient effectiveness of treatment of late radiation skin lesions. Possibilities of application of combined schemes of treatment of malignant neoplasms, including radiation therapy, show both good immediate and distant results, life expectancy of patients has increased. However, the issue of such remote local radiation lesions as radiation ulcers also remains relevant. Such lesions in the practice of clinical oncologists usually occur from 1-1,5 months and more after the end of the course of close-focus X-ray therapy for skin cancer. The peculiarity of radiation ulcers is that they heal extremely poorly even by secondary tension. In the pathogenesis of late radiation ulcers, along with disruption of microcirculation, the main role is played by the direct damaging effect of radiation on stem cells and, consequently, suppression of reparative processes. For this reason, such ulcerous defects are characterized by torpidity to drug and surgical treatment. The analysis of modern scientific and practical literature does not fully reveal the peculiarities of the pathogenesis of post-radiation skin lesions leading to the development of radiation ulcers. Researchers have set a goal to search for new modern methods of effective treatment of this pathology. The main purpose of the literature review was to theoretically substantiate the possibilities of including enzyme antioxidants and epidermal growth factor preparations into the complex of pathogenetic treatment of radiation skin ulcers. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an active enzyme-antioxidant, it neutralizes excessive free oxygen radicals, and also has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect by means of oxidative post-radiation stress of skin tissues. Epidermal growth factor promotes cell growth and differentiation of stem cells (SC) involved in ulcer defect regeneration. Pathogenetically justified stepwise application of these drugs will improve the effectiveness of treatment of post-radiation skin ulcers. This paper presents the current information about the pathogenesis of late radiation skin ulcers, the mechanism of action of SOD, epidermal growth factor preparations, as well as the importance of the microenvironment and the homing effect in controlling the links of the pathogenesis of radiation ulcers and the possibility of their reparative regeneration.

The influence of rhythmic gymnastics on the mobile readiness of older preschool children

Preschool age is the most favorable period for the development of a child's personality, physical and motor qualities. One of the tasks of working with children of older preschool age is to prepare them for a successful transition to systematic, organized schooling. Children's readiness for schooling determines the set of morphophysiological and psychological characteristics of children of older preschool age. Children's physical and motor readiness for learning characterizes their functional capabilities and state of health. One of the main indicators of children's physical and motor readiness for learning is the level of development of physical qualities and the technique of performing motor actions. The goal is to determine the influence of artistic gymnastics on the level of motor readiness of children 5-6 years old. Material and methods: analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature and Internet resources, pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment, pedagogical testing, methods of mathematical statistics. The study was conducted on the basis of preschool education institutions No. 355 and No. 123. 80 children of the control and experimental groups, 40 each, took part in the study. Research results. The initial level of motor readiness of almost half of the children in both the control and experimental groups was at a low level. After the experiment, the percentage increase in motor readiness was significantly better (p<0.05) in the experimental group (13.9%) than in the control group (5.6%). Thus, the indicators in the experimental group increased from a low level to the average in 10.0% of children, and in the control group this indicator was 12.5%. On the other hand, 12.5% of children from the experimental group increased their indicators from average to high levels, while only 5.0% of children from the control group.

Социально-психологическая дезадаптация подростков: типология и взаимосвязь с системой ценностных ориентаций

<p style="text-align: justify;">The problem of studying socio-psychological disadaptation in adolescence occupies one of the central places in psychology. Socio-psychological disadaptation is always associated with multivariate difficulties that mediate a certain form of behavior. Modern researchers offer a fairly wide range of both definitions of this phenomenon and various classification groups. In this connection, the purpose of this theoretical study is to review some typologies of socio-psychological disadaptation and their relationship with the system of value orientations in the concepts of foreign and domestic authors. For the study, methods such as the analysis of scientific literature, the study and generalization of the experience and views of various foreign and domestic researchers on the types and types of socio-psychological disadaptation and their relationship with specific types of value orientations were used. In the course of the theoretical analysis, the views of modern foreign and domestic researchers were considered. Thanks to the analysis, the types of socio-psychological disadaptation and their orientation were identified, an attempt was made to determine the relationship between values and the behavioral aspect, the relevance of further empirical research was determined, which consists in studying specifically related value orientations with the behavioral aspect.</p>

The role and place of arthroscopy in the early diagnosis of monoarthrosis (literature review)

Background. Knee osteoarthritis is a progressive incurable disease that in severe cases leads to total joint replacement, which requires significant economic costs and medical and social adaptation, has a number of postoperative complications and adverse outcomes. Therefore, special attention has recently been paid to the prevention and treatment of the early stages of the disease. The purpose of the study was to conduct a systematic analysis of scientific literature on the prospects and possibilities of using arthroscopy in the early diagnosis of monoarthrosis. Material and methods. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed and MEDLINE databases for 2010–2024 using the following medical subject headings and keywords: “deforming osteoarthritis of the knee joint”, “osteoarthritis of the knee joint”, “unilateral deforming osteoarthritis of the knee joint”, “unilateral osteoarthritis of the knee joint”, “gonarthrosis”, “monoarthrosis”, “arthroscopy”, “diagnosis”, “treatment”. If necessary, literature sources beyond the search period were used in some cases. A general search revealed 48 references on the use of arthroscopy as a diagnostic and therapeutic method in the early stages of monoarthrosis. The primary exclusion concerned the literature in which arthroscopy was used for the diagnosis and treatment of late-stage knee osteoarthritis (n = 38). The secondary exclusion included literature sources that contained only background information (summary, figures, references) (n = 12). As a result, only relevant full-text articles in professional journals remained (n = 15). Results. The lack of correlation between clinical symptoms and radiological signs of knee osteoarthritis causes low availability of orthopaedic care: more than 30 % of newly diagnosed patients have a severe stage of the disease, and in some cases the pathology is detected only in connection with the manifestation of complications; the diagnosis of osteoarthritis due to a large percentage of painless development of the disease (40 %) is often established at terminal stages. All of this suggests the need for further research into the various factors that influence the frequency, prevalence, economic and social burden of knee osteoarthritis. Arthroscopy is potentially the gold standard for validating non-invasive assessment methods such as magnetic resonance imaging, as it provides high magnification and direct view of articular cartilage with non-destructive interactive assessment of its structure and functional properties. Arthroscopy allows for a more detailed description of the depth and extent of lesions, as well as the detection of subtle changes such as cartilage softening, fibrillations, and tangential peeling. Clinical symptoms and structural changes in the knee joint elements visualised during arthroscopy in patients with monoarthrosis are covered in a few studies, some of which were published 10 years ago. The results of modern arthroscopic studies can be an important contribution to the development of diagnostic and differential diagnostic criteria for the early stages of monoarthrosis. Conclusions. Based on information and analytical studies of modern scientific literature, it has been found that knee osteoarthritis is accompanied by persistent pain, significant limitation of the lower limb function, and reduced ability to work, which often leads to joint replacement. Diagnosis of osteoarthritis in the early stages is difficult due to the absence of pathognomonic clinical, radiological and laboratory parameters, and in case of monoarthrosis with synovitis, it is complicated by differentiation with specific arthritis of the knee joint. Arthroscopy allows performing the necessary scope of diagnostic and therapeutic measures with verification of the pathological process and determination of gonarthrosis stage.

Features of the Implementation of the Concept of Managing Decent Work Conditions at Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Construction Industry

In modern conditions, the development of any industry directly depends on the provision of highly qualified labor resources. Due to the constant shortage of personnel, it is important for employers to implement systematic measures to attract, retain and optimally use the required specialists of various qualifications. It is these tasks that the enterprise solves when organizing personnel work in accordance with the basic principles and ideas of decent work. The construction industry in the Russian Federation is one of the most dynamically developing, making a significant contribution to the country’s GDP, but companies from this sector are faced with a global shortage of both labor and highly qualified specialists. It should also be noted that this sector is considered to be one of the most hazardous, injury-prone and requiring increased attention to occupational and labor safety. The purpose of the study is to identify a set of external and internal factors that determine the features of decent work management at enterprises in the construction industry. To achieve this goal, the methods of interdisciplinary analysis of scientific literature and the regulatory framework, economic analysis and analytical statistics were used. The application of counter modeling made it possible to decompose the theoretical model of decent work management and highlight the real conditions of the production, financial and socio-economic activities of enterprises in the construction complex. The results of the study are related to identifying the role of government policy, the labor market, general trends in the construction industry, vocational professional education, as well as personnel policies within the organization in the process of implementing the concept of decent work. The conclusions drawn may be of interest to managers of construction companies, and human resources and personnel management services for analyzing their own practices and carrying out measures to introduce the principles of decent work at individual enterprises in this economic sphere.

Innovative Design of Marketing Ecosystems

This study is devoted to the issues of ecosystems and the ecosystem approach. The formation and use of marketing ecosystems can simplify both the processes of transformation of technological patterns and the interaction of different types of business models of enterprises. A separate focus is on marketing ecosystems as one of the important innovations of Industry 5.0. The transition from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0 is accompanied by the creation of the necessary software and algorithmic base of quantum computing, introduction of technologies for visualisation of management decisions, development of neuromorphic models of enterprise architecture, digital twins of business processes.The purpose of the study is to develop approaches to designing a marketing ecosystem within the framework of Industry 5.0 and Industry 4.0, which is necessary for building effective interactions between innovative enterprises of different business spheres. The article considers the stages of innovative design of new marketing ecosystems, the result of which is the end-to-end integration of information resources of their member enterprises, which is necessary for the consolidation and synchronisation of structured and unstructured data on different business models of companies and the organisation of predictive analytics mechanisms. In the course of the work, the method of scientific analysis of literature on the research problem was applied, and the empirical experience of the authors of the article was used. The results of the study will be useful to all managers of innovative companies as well as the heads and employees of marketing departments of these companies.

SOCIAL SUCCESS AS A COMPONENT OF STUDENT YOUTH ACTIVITY

The article discusses the concepts of social success and social activity of student youth. The need of an individual to achieve social success and the ability to solve urgent problems in society is becoming increasingly important. Active work is the key to social success and the formation of a socially successful personality. The purpose of the article is to substantiate social success as a condition for the formation of social activity of students. The social success of a student in a higher education institution is formed in the process of certain activities, social activity, and interpersonal interaction. The issue of social success and activity of a higher education student is defined as one of the priority goals in a number of regulatory documents. The authors used the methods of theoretical analysis of modern scientific literature of Ukrainian and foreign researchers, generalization, and systematization to deepen the understanding of the concept of social success and activity of student youth. Research attention is paid to the importance of promoting the level of social activity of student youth and social performance, as this affects not only the formation of an active life position of students, but also helps to improve the level of knowledge acquisition. The article reveals the concept of student's social activity, in particular, as a personality quality manifested in various forms of socially important activities, in particular, those which are a manifestation of social success. The achievement of social success by a person is impossible without his or her social activity in important areas of life. That is why the formation of social activity of student youth is one of the important tasks of a higher education institution, because it will help in the future to form a successful personality who will have an active life position and a desire to influence not only the life of the community, but also the life of the country.

THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AS THE BASIS OF CONTINUOUS ECOLOGICAL TRAINING OF FUTURE TEACHERS

Increasing attention to the ecological training of young people in the system of modern education is one of the important problems nowadays. Guarantees of environmental protection are presented in ecological knowledge, abilities and skills, as well as in the socio-cultural behavior and worldview of the population. Therefore, one of the priority tasks of the educational system is the formation of the ecological culture of the younger generation through the implementation of a system of continuous environmental education based on the principles of sustainable development. The purpose of the article is to investigate the problem of continuous ecological training of future teachers based on sustainable development. Research methods: analysis and synthesis of scientific literature (to clarify key research concepts), systematization, and generalization (for the purpose of forming the author's conclusions). It is established that ensuring the sustainable development of society involves positive life activities of people through the creation of conditions that contribute to the harmonization of their relationships, development, and satisfaction of their needs in the socio-natural environment, providing opportunities for the formation of ecological culture in the educational sphere. The peculiarities of continuous ecological training of future teachers based on the concept of sustainable development are studied, and the content and results of this process are highlighted. The goal of continuous ecological training for sustainable development is to teach people to manage the quality of life; the formation of an ecological culture in the young generation, which involves the ecological orientation of the individual, the ability to increase their ecological education and literacy, to carry out social-ecological and ecological-project activities for the benefit of sustainable development. The main tasks of continuous ecological training are the formation of scientific knowledge and ecologically oriented knowledge, the development of environmental protection skills and abilities aimed at improving the state of the environment and improving the quality of life of people, and the upbringing of a highly educated and ecologically cultural personality. Continuous ecological education for the benefit of sustainable development originates in preschool education institutions, where for the first time children master the basics of environmental education and culture, and form an idea of their unity with nature. The next stage is general secondary education, where students form environmental competence and develop an environmental outlook. The next level of the continuous ecological education system is the higher school, where the professional ecological training of the future teacher is carried out, the value-meaning sphere of the individual is formed, social-ecological norms of professional activity are mastered.

Top predator status and trends: ecological implications, monitoring and mitigation strategies to promote ecosystem-based management

The conservation and management of marine ecosystems hinge on a comprehensive understanding of the status and trends of top predators. This review delves into the ecological significance of marine top predators, examining their roles in maintaining ecosystem stability and functioning through an integrated analysis of current scientific literature. We first assess the efficacy of various monitoring methods, ranging from traditional field observations to cutting-edge technologies like satellite tracking and environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis and evaluating their strengths and limitations in terms of accuracy, spatial coverage, and cost-effectiveness, providing resource managers with essential insights for informed decision-making. Then, by synthesizing data from diverse marine ecosystems, this study offers a comprehensive overview of the trends affecting top predator populations worldwide. We explore the multifaceted impacts of human activities, climate change, and habitat degradation on the abundance and distribution of these key species. In doing so, we shed light on the broader implications of declining top predator populations, such as trophic cascades and altered community structures. Following a thorough assessment of successful strategies for reversing the decline of top predators, a compilation of recommendations is presented, encompassing effective governance interventions. A crucial aspect of effective ecosystem-based management is the implementation of robust monitoring strategies. Mitigation measures are imperative to reverse the adverse impacts on marine top predators. We present a comprehensive array of mitigation options based on successful case studies. These include the establishment of marine protected areas, the enforcement of fisheries regulations, and the promotion of sustainable fishing practices. We deepen the synergies between these strategies and their potential to mitigate human-induced stressors on top predator populations to safeguard their pivotal role in maintaining marine ecosystem structure and function. By examining marine top predators’ ecological significance, analyzing population trends, discussing monitoring techniques, and outlining effective mitigation strategies, we provide a comprehensive resource for researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders engaged in fostering ecosystem-based management approaches. We conclude that integrating these insights into current management frameworks will be essential to safeguard both top predators and the broader marine environment for future generations.

MODELS OF INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

MODELS OF INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

METHODS OF STIMULATING AND MOTIVATING THE INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES OF THE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS TEACHING STAFF

The article substantiates the peculiarities of using methods of stimulating and motivating the innovative activity of the teaching staff of an educational institution. The article's purpose: to study methods of stimulating and motivating the innovative activities of teaching (scientific and teaching) staff of educational institutions. Research methods applied: system-structural analysis of scientific literature and the problem-target method, which made it possible to show the development of pedagogical thought on the researched problem; analysis and synthesis were used to identify the features of methods of stimulating teachers for innovative activities in an educational institution; prognostic ‒ to determine the prospects for applying modern methods of motivating teaching staff; generalization - for formulating conclusions. The methods of material stimulation and motivation that can be used in the process of work planning, control over the implementation of the plan, and act as a material component of the motivation of labor activity have been identified; the method of management by goals, the main essence of which is clear goal setting at all levels of the organization's functioning and the formation of a system of goals in such a way that the specific goals of the organization become the direction of action and motivation of each employee at each level and in each division; goals become standards that obligate each employee to perform their work to the best of their ability; the method of participatory management, that is, management based on participation, the involvement of employees in various forms of employee participation in management, in particular in making of management decisions, which in the education system involves not only the performance of limited-scale duties by the teacher, but also creates a situation of his sincere interest in the efficiency of the work of the entire educational institution, the organization of favorable working conditions and the success of its results; enrichment of the content of pedagogical and educational activities, which is used by educational institutions to create a positive educational environment and give the employee the opportunity to feel more satisfaction from his work (focusing the efforts of employees on work tasks; the connection of the effectiveness of the work of the teaching (scientific and pedagogical) staff with remuneration.

ANALYSIS OF THE OUTCOMES OF IMPLEMENTING THE EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEM FOR FUTURE TRANSLATORS’ PROFESSIONAL TRAINING BASED ON LOCALIZATION

The ongoing evolution of the higher linguistic education system is primarily focused on addressing the demands of society and the government for competent translators. This necessitates corresponding modifications in the professional training, development, and personal growth of future translation personnel, with the ultimate goal of fostering their preparedness for localization. The paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the outcomes obtained from implementing an experimental system for teaching prospective translators in localization, as well as their subsequent analysis. Clear algorithmization is necessary for any experimental activity, including the professional training of prospective translators for localization. A linear pedagogical experiment was conducted to implement and experimentally verify the author’s pedagogical system. The experiment was designed in a series of consecutive steps. To test the hypothesis proposed in the study, it was deemed necessary to approve the structural and functional model of the experimental system. This approval was intended to establish a program of experimental work that aims to create the required pedagogical conditions in both academic and extracurricular classes. The ultimate goal is to enable students to develop themselves as individuals, both personally and professionally. The effectiveness of the presented results was demonstrated through the use of theoretical analysis of scientific literature on the research problem. This analysis facilitated the selection and comprehension of didactic material. Additionally, a critical and analytical examination of concepts, theories, and methods was conducted to identify potential solutions for the problem under investigation. Furthermore, mathematical statistics methods were employed to quantitatively calculate the obtained data. The author’s methodology of incorporating various experimental new designs into the professional training of future translators for localization is deemed effective, as evidenced by the generalized results of the preparedness of future translators for localization.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE OF YOUNG PEOPLE WITH DIFFERENT ACCENTUATIONS OF CHARACTER

The purpose of the work is to show the results of a theoretical and empirical study of the features of the emotional intelligence of young people with different accents and styles of humor. Methodology. 88 young men of late adolescence took part in the study - students of Kyiv secondary schools. Methods: 1) theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific literature on research issues; 2) diagnostic standardized methods: diagnostic test of character accentuation types (A.E. Lychko); emotional self-awareness test (O.I. Vlasova); questionnaire of emotional intelligence (D.V. Lusin); empathy questionnaire (Mehrabiana); questionnaire "Styles of humor" (Martin; 3) Descriptive statistics and the Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the relationships between the results of the empirical study. The results. The researchers found that the most developed interpersonal emotional intelligence is characteristic of young people with a labile accentuation type, who are characterized by low self-awareness and high mood variability. High intrapersonal emotional intelligence is significantly associated with the astheno-neurotic type of accentuation, which is characterized by increased mental and physical fatigue and irritability in everyday life. This type of accentuation of the character turned out to be predominant among the researched (22%). Regarding the use of humor by the researched people, it was found that young men with demonstrative and hyperthymic types of character accentuations prefer an aggressive style of humor, which is destructive in content and directed at others. This significantly distinguishes them from young men of the age-standard development, for whom the most characteristic is a self-supporting style of humorous attitude to life events, which has a constructive meaning and productively affects the personality of the young man and his environment.

Технология использования мультипликационных фильмов в обучении бурятскому языку детей дошкольного возраста

The Buryat language is in danger of extinction. Vitality of the language is determined by children's use of it. At present, there is an urgent need in the republic to develop and apply in the process of teaching the Buryat language such technologies that will be interesting and demanded by pre-school children. The purpose of the study is to show the possibilities of using cartoons in the process of teaching Buryat language as a second language to preschool children. In the course of the study we applied the following methods: generalization of experience in teaching Buryat language as a second language to preschool children, analysis of scientific literature on the methods of early foreign language teaching, speech development of preschool children, use of cartoons in language classes, observation of the process of language skills formation in preschool children, experimental and pedagogical work, conversation with Buryat language teachers of preschool educational organizations of the Republic of Buryatia. The study revealed that cartoons created in the Buryat language have a great didactic potential. To use them for the purpose of teaching the Buryat language, a selection of cartoon series was made and a set of tasks for them was developed. This set of tasks realizes the methods of teaching second languages and the algorithm of work on video materials. Scientific novelty of the study consists in methodical analysis of the teaching potential of cartoons in the Buryat language, the study of linguistic and speech content of cartoon texts and the possibility of using them in the formation of linguistic skills and the development of technology of using these cartoons in teaching the Buryat language to preschool children. The practical significance of the study lies in the description of a set of tasks for working on cartoons, which makes it possible to use the results of the study in the development of new technologies of teaching Buryat language and other languages with the use of cartoons, in particular, in the development of a set of tasks and exercises for different types of language and speech skills, in the creation of educational cartoons.

Modern ideas about the development of atherosclerosis

Currently, in the leading countries of the world there is a question of a significant increase in diseases associated with circulatory system disorders, but this issue should be considered together with another pathology – atherosclerosis. Analysis of modern scientific literature has shown that at the moment there is no single theory of the origin of atherosclerosis, because this disease can be caused by various factors, both endo- and exogenous. Currently, most scientists and doctors agree that atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease, in the development of which there are complex, often long-term violations of immunologic, molecular-genetic, biochemical reactions. Many significant structural units are involved in the process of atherogenesis: the vascular wall, local disturbance of blood flow, and blood forming elements. Opinions on the etiology of atherosclerosis vary. However, most authors tend to consider dyslipidemia as the leading mechanism of atherosclerosis development; at the same time, we should not forget other possible causes of its formation.

ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CROSS-INDUSTRY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS OF ENERGY SAVING PROGRAMS IN THE LIFE CYCLE OF BUILDINGS

This article is devoted to the study of the possibility of energy saving of buildings. The relevance of the article lies in the fact that the role of efficiency of energy saving programs is currently growing. The novelty of the research lies in the development of methodology and new approaches for the analysis of energy saving. The author suggests cross-industry indicators of strategic management of energy saving programs. They can provide analysis of a wide range of useful information to confirm the costs of investment, operation and efficiency of a project. Information modeling of buildings is used as the basis of the research in the article. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, the author has developed cross-sectoral indicators of strategic management of energy saving programs. The author proposes a calculation of energy saving taking into account such new indicators as indicators in terms of replacement cost, indicators of power losses, environmental impact, reliability indicators. A methodology for assessing the impact of energy management solutions and the use of key performance indicators is proposed. The methodology consists of a preparatory stage and a two-stage assessment. It can be used to quantify specific aspects or objectives of a project, such as economic feasibility, environmental impact, reliability and quality of electricity. In the study, the author used general scientific methods of systematization and classification of data, methods of statistical processing and generalization, logical, comparative and system analysis, as well as mathematical methods.

Topical and Systemic Retinoids in the Management of Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Comprehensive Literature Review.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a debilitating chronic skin disorder characterized by painful inflammatory nodules, abscesses and sinus tracts involving intertriginous areas and has an adverse impact on patient quality of life. Over the past decade, the therapeutic options of HS have increased significantly to comprise multiple modalities, including topical medication, systemic therapies (mainly antibiotics, retinoids, and biologics), surgical approaches, and lifestyle modifications. Biologics alone or in combination with surgery remain the treatment of choice for moderate to severe disease. However, non-biologic therapies (including retinoids) may be used as monotherapy for mild disease and in combination with biologics and surgical treatment in moderate to severe disease. Retinoids, specifically isotretinoin, acitretin, and alitretinoin, are historically used in the management of HS, supported by anecdotal evidence and with variable treatment response. Although the current American and European guidelines offer different recommendations on the use of retinoids in HS, retinoids remain a valuable ally in HS management. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current scientific literature on retinoid therapy (topical and systemic) in HS, highlighting disparities in mechanisms of action, efficacy, and safety to clarify their role in HS treatment.

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ АУТОФЛУОРЕСЦЕНТНОЙ СТОМАТОСКОПИИ КАК ОСНОВНОГО МЕТОДА РАННЕЙ ДИАГНОСТИКИ ПРЕДРАКОВЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ СЛИЗИСТОЙ ОБОЛОЧКИ РТА (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)

Importance Currently, the prevalence of various diseases of the oral mucosa in the world has increased significantly (from 15.2% to 49.1%). Oncological pathology should be attributed to a separate group of diseases. In order to actively identify precancerous processes of the oral cavity, along with traditional methods of examination of the maxillofacial region, oncoscreening of the mucous membrane and organs of the oral cavity is mandatory. One of the possible methods of oncoscreening is autofluorescence stomatoscopy. Objectives To clarify the effectiveness of autofluorescence stomatoscopy as the main method of early diagnosis of precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa, its advantages and disadvantages. Methods In the process of investigating the effectiveness of autofluorescence stomatoscopy, methods of qualitative analysis and synthesis of available scientific literature on autofluorescence stomatoscopy were used. Conclusions It is concluded that the use of autofluorescence stomatoscopy for the early diagnosis of precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa remains controversial. Some clinicians believe that the introduction of autofluorescence stomatoscopy into the practice of a dentist as an additional method of oncoscreening of the oral mucosa is not only relevant, but also necessary; and the analysis of the light glow corresponds to the results of a biopsy. However, other researchers have concluded that the AFS-method will not replace the gold standard of histological examination, due to the low specificity of the method, the study can lead to overdiagnosis, and it can only be used by experienced clinicians to find the boundaries of precancerous lesions of the oral cavity for taking a biopsy in an altered mucous membrane.