Alternative Ideas Research Articles

Existing and Emerging Students’ Alternative Ideas on Geodynamic Phenomena: Development, Controlling Factors, Characteristics

This paper studies Greek junior high school students’ alternative ideas, both initial and synthetic, on geodynamic phenomena. It comments in detail on students’ concepts on Earth structure, earthquake occurrence, volcano formation, and relief change. Additionally, it attempts to trace and interpret how and why these ideas form (concept development), presenting that initial and synthetic ones are indissolubly attached and utterly directed by environmental interaction. Data analysis verifies that curriculum inadequacy and false scientific terminology in textbooks enforce the generation of alternative ideas. New synthetic alternative ideas on geodynamic phenomena are presented which are mainly characterized by intermittent and fragmentary perspective. Furthermore, the characteristics of both initial and synthetic alternative ideas are outlined, giving emphasis on the facts that students represent geodynamic phenomena as instantaneous events and that they are able to describe the repeatability of the phenomena, but they show difficulty in capturing their continuity. Finally, more factors that control alternative idea development on geodynamic phenomena are highlighted—such as (i) lack of continuous thinking, (ii) distribution, intensity and frequency of geodynamic phenomena, and (iii) current affairs (i.e., pollution, technology evolution, human intervention)—hoping that their revelation will lead to alternative ideas’ decomposition and thus to pure scientific knowledge.

Shape Control Synthesis of CuPt Alloys with Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Methanol Oxidation Reaction Activities

AbstractThe high expense, poor stability, and low abundance of platinum (Pt) catalysts on earth greatly handicaps its further application. Alloying Pt with other metals is an alternate idea, however, as a promising catalyst should be synthesized on a large scale, one important goal is that the morphologies and electrocatalytic activities of the as‐obtained electrocatalysts can maintain the same, even when the precursor ratio is varied. In addition, according to the Le Chatellier's principle as more earth‐abundant precursors were used can accelerate the transforming efficiency of noble metal during the synthesis. Unfortunately, no current research has reached this goal, we herein report a facile two‐step method for the synthesis of three‐dimensional CuPt alloys via galvanic replacement between the noble Pt precursor and pre‐synthesized copper (Cu) nanocubes in a liquid system free of capping agent. Further investigation proved that the morphologies can be regulated via changing the reaction temperature, while the composition of precursors does not affect the morphologies evolutions match well with the industrial demand. The CuPt alloys obtained at 80 °C (denoted as CuPt‐80) exhibited superior activities towards both HER and MOR reaction when compared with CuPt‐60, CuPt‐100, Pt nanocrystals (Pt NCs) and 20% Pt/C. This work enriched the application of Le Chatellier's principle and provides a promising way for the rational design and synthesis of efficient and robust catalysts for sustainable energy conversion.

FROM LEGAL MISSIONARY TO CRITICAL SCHOLAR: MY LAW AND MODERNIZATION JOURNEY

In 1966, like a god descending from Mount Olympus, National Security Advisor Walt Whitman Rostow arrived in the US Embassy in Rio to review the USAID program. Brazil was considered to be strategically important to the US fight against communism in Latin America and the US aid program there was one of the largest in the world.The author of the leading treatise on modernization and now a high-ranking foreign policy official, Rostow symbolized the marriage of knowledge and power. Having developed the ideas about modernization that animated US development policy in the 1960s, Rostow was in Brazil to see how the theory was working in practice.Here was the beau ideal of the Cold Warrior, armed not with guns and mortars, but with social science theory. Here was someone who could write the “non-communist manifesto” with one hand and oversee a massive foreign affairs bureaucracy with the other.60 years on, this moment remains fixed in my memory. As a junior member of the USAID Mission staff, I attended the meetings in which Rostow, in a professorial tone, told seasoned foreign aid specialists how they should be doing their jobs.I was hooked. Here was the marriage of science and policy, of modernization theory and foreign affairs. Here was a vision for a career that married success in the academic realm with success in the policy world. It inspired my move from the Department of State to academia a few years later. And it led directly to the Yale Program in Law and Modernization.The Program was set up to use the modernization theory Rostow had helped create to illuminate and guide legal development in the Third World. We started on this project with enthusiasm. But before long, many who participated in the Program began to question the modernization story. Ironically. instead of being the headquarters for the application of modernization theory to law, the Yale Program became a center for critique of the theory and the source of alternative ideas. In this essay, I trace the evolution of the Program from the beginning to the emergence of a critical stance by recounting my experience as one of its architects.

Ekonomi-Ekoloji Etkileşimi: Neoklasik Çevre İktisadı İle Ekolojik İktisadi Düşünce Birbirini Tamamlıyor Mu?

In this study, it is aimed to review the methods of conceptualizing the relationship between economy and environment of two contemporary economic approaches - Neoclassical Environmental Economics and Ecological Economics. Within the discipline of economics, there is an open debate about environmental problems between the neoclassical environmental economics and the rapidly developing ecological economics school. Also, the environmental economy and the ecological economy share the common aim of understanding the human-economy environment interaction in order to make economies sustainable. To achieve this aim, these two perspectives use different types of analytical frameworks and are opposed to each other on many fundamental theoretical and methodological issues. While environmental economics advances in neoclassical analytical approach, ecological economics seeks solutions to economic problems by adopting 'diversified approaches' that widen the gap between the two economic thought. In this framework, it is tried to be evaluated whether ecological economy represents a different and alternative idea to neoclassical environmental economy. The study emphasizes the divergence between the two perspectives and investigates whether there is complementarity between these two perspectives regarding the relationship between economy and environment.

On the spontaneous beauty of cities: neither design nor chaos

A clear bridge connecting the theory of spontaneous order and the issue of beauty in and for cities has not yet been developed. After a general exploration of the concept of beauty, this article builds an alternative idea of beauty, namely, beauty as spontaneity. In particular, it argues that beauty in the urban realm greatly depends on forms and orders that can hardly be comprehensively designed but rather emerge as the result of the freedom granted to multiple urban agents to express themselves in space. In this article the works of Jacobs and Romano are analysed and explored. Starting from some of their main ideas, the paper suggests certain planning and design tactics to nurture this kind of beauty and provides some essential ethical principles.

Framing Immigrant Rights in Politics: Comparative Evidence From Japan and South Korea*

The aim of this study is to analyse and compare how the rights of low‐skilled labour migrants have been formed and developed in Japan and South Korea, from a discursive institutionalist perspective. Over the last two decades, interestingly, the two East Asian nation‐states, although having similar policy legacies of East Asian welfare and immigration regimes (productivism and ethnic nationalism), have demonstrated different policy developments regarding the two groups of low‐skilled labour migrants, resulting in different paths in terms of their rights – i.e., persistent ethnic differentiation in Japan and ethnically hierarchical inclusion in Korea. This article argues that the rationale behind the difference between Japan and Korea can be found in their different discursive interaction processes of policy legacies and alternative policy ideas (human rights and multiculturalism). That is to say, policy legacies have legitimised and strengthened the existing policy paradigms of low‐skilled foreign‐born populations – i.e., ethnic differentiation in Japan and differential exclusion in Korea, whereas alternative ideas have reinforced and/or challenged the paradigms, thereby engendering different approaches to the inclusion/exclusion of low‐skilled labour migrants.

Expressing Debates Versus Disagreements to Foster Collaboration by Creating Perceived Receptivity

People frequently view conflict as the opposite of collaboration and assume that these two concepts are mutually exclusive. To question this prevalent viewpoint, the current research distinguishes debates from disagreements and aims to evaluate how debate and disagreement expressions influence collaboration differently. I conducted empirical studies utilizing experimental and survey methods and found that debate expressions create perceptions of another person’s receptivity to alternative ideas and suggestions and thus increase perceivers’ collaboration with the person to a greater extent than do disagreement expressions. Accordingly, the current research counterintuitively suggests that conflict can stimulate collaboration when people display their opinion differences in an open-minded manner.

Investigating the Predictors and Outcomes of Entrepreneurial Bricolage

Entrepreneurial leaders have the ability to influence business model innovation and entrepreneurial bricolage. Introducing alternative ideas and behaviors in an enterprise nowadays often linked to innovation. Companies are eager to take advantage of or benefit from new goods or services or technological marketing channels in this context. Due to the recognition of leadership as an important driver of business innovation, a perceptual framework has been established in order to study the consequences of entrepreneurial leadership on the desire to build business model innovation in organizations, with business acting as a mediating moderating function on entrepreneurial bricolage and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. To explore the conceptual model of the study, five hypotheses have been proposed. A self-managed survey was conceived to acquire cross-sectional responses from 325 people working in the Punjab, Pakistan manufacturing industry. The results demonstrated that, when entrepreneurial self-efficacy is high, the link between entrepreneurial leadership and business model innovation models is stronger. As a result, this is a one-of-a-kind cross-sectional study that investigates the mediating-moderating process of business bricolage and entrepreneurial self-efficacy in Pakistan's manufacturing industry. The study contributes to existing research while also assisting legislators in taking action to govern workplace self-efficacy and encouraging leaders to use entrepreneurial bricolage techniques and business model innovation.

Innovating product design through university-industry collaboration: Codesigning a bushfire rated skylight

Innovation is important for improving products for long-term business success. However, small-to-medium enterprises don't always have time to innovate. SMEs benefit from university-industry collaborations, where design researchers contribute knowledge and time to help them innovate product design and manufacturing processes. Using codesign to generate innovative design solutions in the collaboration provides engagement and ensures everyone is encouraged to share their viewpoints and expertise. Design thinking adds a communication conduit, encouraging exploration and evaluation of alternative ideas. To illustrate the success of integrating codesign with design thinking in university-industry collaboration, we present a case study of designing an award-winning innovative skylight. The collaborative outcome evidences the value in the partnership by advancing university knowledge and increasing company productivity. • Integrating codesign and design thinking to facilitate successful University-Industry collaboration for design innovation. • Using codesign to advance communication between product design research and practice. • Using design thinking communication conduits of seeing, knowing, thinking, acting and reflecting to innovate. • A case study illustrating mutual benefits and challenges in university-industry collaboration. • Evidence of success of approach through three times Design Award winning innovative product outcome.

Zhigoneshi: A Culture of Connection

Zhigoneshi describes the symbiotic dependencies that weave together to produce the world. The Kogi concept of mutuality, as expressed in their word zhigoneshi, conveys a picture of life as a series of collaborative, cooperative relationships, which the Kogi understand as axiomatic to all living processes, including human societies. This is evident in relation to their vertical mountain economy and in their view of exchange. Consequently, for the Kogi, materials, knowledge and thought are not simply connected but are also fundamentally entwined. This approach does not simply describe ecological dependencies; it also holds that economic and biological life existentially inform each other and therefore cannot be separated, even in thought. Chiming with the reality of cellular symbiotic practices at the very origins of life (as articulated by Margulis), zhigoneshi rejects the notion of the self-interested in pursuit of accumulation and profit, as employed by capitalist economic methods, in favor of actions that understand connectivity and ensure balance and harmony are maintained. Using numerous cultural examples, we illustrate how many alternative ideas of economy continue to inform current exchange practices out from the market and suggest that these examples provide a useful understanding of post-capitalist possibilities in the Anthropocene.

Actions Speak Louder Than Words? The Untapped Potential of V4 Parliaments in EU Affairs

This article offers the first ever comparative analysis of the involvement of V4 parliaments in the sphere of European Union (EU) affairs. Its underlying research objective is to determine what conditions V4’s parliamentary participation in various EU-oriented activities such as domestic scrutiny of the government’s EU policy, the political dialogue with the Commission, the Early Warning System for subsidiarity control, and the green card initiative. Based on the actual scrutiny output, parliamentary minutes, and data from questionnaires, we address the questions: (1) To what extent domestic legislatures act as autonomous as opposed to government-supporting actors in these arenas? (2) Do they mostly act as EU veto players, or try to contribute constructively to the EU policy-making process by bringing alternative policy ideas? (3) What are their motivations for engaging in direct dialogue with EU institutions in addition to domestic scrutiny? and (4) How MPs envisage their own EU-oriented roles? While the article reveals that V4 parliaments mostly act as gatekeepers in the sphere of EU affairs, it also casts a new light on the previous literature findings related to the EU-oriented performance of the Czech and Polish lower chambers. We conclude that, generally, V4 parliaments refrain from fully exploiting their relatively strong formal prerogatives in EU affairs—a fact that can be partly explained by the composition of their ruling majorities.

Stepping into the mainstream: exploring Steiner streams in publicly funded schools in Australia, 1990–2011

ABSTRACT This paper traces the introduction of Steiner programmes in publicly funded school settings in Victoria, Australia, through a recent history covering approximately 1990–2011. Three programmes are examined through interviews with Steiner educators focusing on some of the challenges of working with these alternative educational ideas in these settings. While the first two of these programmes proved successful, the third was discontinued amid some controversy in 2011. The educational change these programmes presented is framed in terms of their contribution to epistemological diversity within the public-education domain in Australia, as reflected in the educational values associated with these programmes, and the educational sensibilities through which these were mediated in terms of the Steiner educators interviewed. Biographical Sociology is drawn on to foreground the felt experience of the Steiner educators involved, and to highlight some of the ideological and philosophical tensions that were at play, and how they were managed. These tensions, it is argued, were at times exacerbated through the co-location of these programmes within existing mainstream schools in Australia, in contrast to the more common stand-alone, publicly funded Steiner schools established internationally. In exploring the spilling over of these tensions into polemical public debate in relation to the third programme, the move of Steiner education into publicly funded school settings internationally is taken into account, and questions of the successful mitigation of these tensions more generally examined, placing these local experiences into a wider context.

Structure value engineering using ETABS for midrise building

Value Engineering is a creative, planned, structured approach and has the goal of identifying and optimizing the cost efficiency of a job. This research aims are to find some innovations or alternative ideas that will be used with the aim of lower cost efficiency than the cost before the application of value engineering by prioritizing the quality and quality of work. To support the results, ETABS modeling application is used to design alternatives that will be to calculate. As a result, after applying the value engineering to the Employees Mess Building project, the total saving cost that can be done as a whole is Rp2,092,778,048, - with a percentage saving cost of 39,4% for upper structure costs. Based on the results obtained, the most efficient beam and column structure uses Alternative 1, reinforced concrete and the floor slab structure uses Alternative 2, Half Slab Precast.

ASEAN Non-Intervention Principles: An Alternative Settlement towards Human Rights Violation in Rohingya

The frame of international news is colored with a series of systemic and consistent human rights violation experienced by the Rohingya ethnic group in Burma. Toward this case, it is unlikely for Burma to be willing and to be able to resolve this case internally. Hence, as a regional security and stability guard in the Southeast Asia region, ASEAN should take part in settling human rights violations that occur in its member states. However, every settlement attempted by ASEAN is constantly distracted with Non-Intervention Principles. This research aims to examine the alternative ideas for Non-Intervention Principles of ASEAN as a settlement towards human rights violation on Rohingya ethnic. This research used normative research, based on the secondary data was employed as the research method. The obtained data were analyzed by using qualitative analysis. The research found that the Non-Intervention principle has been applied in ASEAN in the most rigid form. Meanwhile, Humanitarian Assistance and Humanitarian Intervention mechanism is an alternative settlement towards human rights violations on the Rohingya ethnic group in Myanmar

Spiritualitas Dalam Akuntansi Sang Pembebas Dari Kuasa Kapitalisme

The objectives of the research are to criticize the modern accounting is entrenched under the auspices of capitalism, especially accounting in Indonesia, and to an alternative idea for a better one. Is done as there as a strength that accounting for capitalism has reached a deadlock in answering current problems. Conventional accounting as a product of the modern era which has the spirit of capitalism is always oriented towards maximizing profit and rationality of recording. The impact of this understanding makes accounting a means of legitimating certain parties to seek maximum profit, without paying attention to other artificial interests. Through a rasionalis spiritualist approach, the research suggests the internalization of "spirituality" which refers to Islamic spirituality. Under the internalization of Islamic spirituality, accounting can be separated from the domination of capitalism.

A Comparison of Alternative Forms of the Epic Manimegalai

According to the motto, “Change is the only thing that changes” occur over time in civilization and culture. Similarly in in the Literature, the creators create their ideas (themes) according to the change of time –epic, drama, poetry to the readers. Thus the Manimgalai epic written by sethalichattanar teaches Buddist concepts. Alternative forms are born with the aim of further simplifying the concept of the maimegalai and presenting alternative ideas with the intention of introducing the reader to his or her own ideas. Thus the various myth of genetics are their forms, literary style, content, opinions etc will feature change. This article seeks to illustrate how Manimegalai and their other forms of ‘Manimegalai play’ ‘manimegalai venba’ which originated has taken shape and significance distortions.

To sell the cow and drink the milk: How could China harmonize its growth and risk?

AbstractFacing the challenge of the new normal, mainstream public opinion advises China to adopt a conservative strategy of “slowing down the growth and lowering the leverage.” This paper proposes an alternative compatible idea of “stabilizing the growth and lowering the leverage.” For this purpose, the study first describes the investment and credit‐led mode as well as the dilemma confronted by China with an identity equation to deliberate the harmonic role played by the efficiency of aggregate social financing increments. The empirical work uses data from 31 regions in China from the first quarter of 2014 to the first quarter of 2018 as observations. The outcome shows that, if the aggregate social financing increment reaches full efficiency, the rate of output growth could provide a chance to stabilize in the short term up to around 10%, while the surging leverage and debt ratio could become moderate. There should also be an opportunity to eliminate the threat of financial risks in the medium term if combined with the deployment and implementation of ongoing supporting measures. This paper recommends a three‐step strategy of promoting efficiency, easing the risks and optimizing the structure. The expectation of “stabilizing the growth and lowering the leverage” would not be unachievable.

Eliciting Model Structures for Multivariate Probabilistic Risk Analysis

Notionally objective probabilistic risk models, built around ideas of cause and effect, are used to predict impacts and evaluate trade-offs. In this paper, we focus on the use of expert judgement to fill gaps left by insufficient data and understanding. Psychological and contextual phenomena such as anchoring, availability bias, confirmation bias and overconfidence are pervasive and have powerful effects on individual judgements. Research across a range of fields has found that groups have access to more diverse information and ways of thinking about problems, and routinely outperform credentialled individuals on judgement and prediction tasks. In structured group elicitation, individuals make initial independent judgements, opinions are respected, participants consider the judgements made by others, and they may have the opportunity to reconsider and revise their initial estimates. Estimates may be aggregated using behavioural, mathematical or combined approaches. In contrast, mathematical modelers have been slower to accept that the host of psychological frailties and contextual biases that afflict judgements about parameters and events may also influence model assumptions and structures. Few, if any, quantitative risk analyses embrace sources of uncertainty comprehensively. However, several recent innovations aim to anticipate behavioural and social biases in model construction and to mitigate their effects. In this paper, we outline approaches to eliciting and combining alternative ideas of cause and effect. We discuss the translation of ideas into equations and assumptions, assessing the potential for psychological and social factors to affect the construction of models. We outline the strengths and weaknesses of recent advances in structured, group-based model construction that may accommodate a variety of understandings about cause and effect.

Time-dependent rural postman problem: time-space network formulation and genetic algorithm

In this paper, a new time-space network model is proposed for addressing the time-dependent rural postman problem (TDRPP) of a single vehicle. The proposed model follows the idea of arc-path alternation to form a feasible and complete route. Based on the proposed model, the time dependency of the TDRPP is better described to capture its dynamic process, compared to the existing methods using a piecewise constant function with limited intervals. Furthermore, the property of first-in-first-out (FIFO) can be satisfied with the time spent on each arc. We investigate the FIFO property for the considered time-dependent network and key optimality property for the TDRPP. Based on this property, a dedicated genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to efficiently solve the considered TDRPP that suffers from computational intractability for large-scale cases. Comprehensive simulation experiments are conducted for various time-dependent networks to show the effectiveness of the proposed GA.

Analyzing the upper secondary school students’ difficulties in the rotation of rigid body

Previous studies have shown that students have difficulties in understanding some concepts related to circular motion of particles. However, there are few studies on rigid body rotational dynamics. In this study, we have studied difficulties that Upper secondary school students have about the rotation of a rigid body. We have designed an 8 questions open-ended questionnaire. In designing the questions, we took into account the key concepts that students have to know in order to understand the rotation of rigid body in a proper way. We conducted a study with 85 Upper secondary school students after their Mechanics course and the analysis has been performed using phenomenography, which is focused on the explanations rather than in the correctness of the answers. The results suggest that students have several difficulties in understanding some concepts of rigid body rotation and that there are significant alternative ideas among them.