All-Russian Population Research Articles

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ МЕТОДЫ АКТУАЛИЗАЦИИ НЕНЕЦКОГО ЯЗЫКА СРЕДИ МОЛОДЕЖИ (ОПЫТ ЗАВЕРШЕННОГО ПРОЕКТА)

The article is devoted to research in the field of the revitalization of the Nenets language through design and calligraphy as one of the types of graphic art. The author of the article refers to the history of the formation of the Nenets language. The data of the all-Russian population census for 2002 and 2010 are presented for a comparative analysis of the deterioration of the situation in the language environment of the NAO over a period of eight years. A comparative analysis of the knowledge of the Nenets language in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is carried out. The problems and challenges currently facing in the language environment of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug are analyzed. Methods of forming a positive image of the Nenets language among young Nenets living in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug are proposed. An example of the developed calligraphy handwritings with brushes as a game method for learning the Nenets language among children and adolescents is given. The results of the creative competition among the youth of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug for the period October-December 2019 are analyzed. Finally, the conclusions on the competition and the project as a whole and new tasks for the continuation of the project are presented. Research prospects are included in scaling the methodology for popularizing the national language into other languages of small indigenous peoples.

Transformation of the desired family model in different generations: Results of the All-Russian sociological study

The difficult demographic situation and the search for an effective model of demographic and family policy have revived the discourse about the Russian family model. The article aims at describing general and specific characteristics of the desired family model in different generations to identify vectors of transformation of the family institution and directions of the family policy. The authors conclusions are based on the statistical data, all-Russian population censuses (2002 and 2010), micro-census (2015), sample surveys of the Federal State Statistics Service, and the results of the authors research conducted in 2019. Ideas about the desired family model change under the influence of cultural and social-economic factors and differ between generations; therefore, a comparison of the opinions of different generations allow to identify transformations of the desired family model and directions of family policy. Family is still a significant value for Russians, but the model of the desired family changes towards nuclearization, mosaic family life models, decreasing role of formal mechanisms for regulating marriage, and increasing share of people who do not want a family. The discourse about the traditional family model, which is the basis of the Russian family policy, is supported by many Russians only formally. In general, Russians ideas about the desired family model change in the direction of liberalizing norms and attitudes to marriage and family life, and there are serious generational differences. Methods of multivariate statistical analysis allowed the authors to identify typological groups that differ in their ideas about the happy family.

Rural Population of the Yenisei Province at the Turn of the XIX— XX Centuries: Socio-Demographic Dynamics

The dynamics of quantitative and qualitative changes in the rural population of the Yenisei region is revealed from the standpoint of the theory of demographic modernization. The stages and features of demographic processes in the subregion, due to its geo-economic position, the influence of the colonization factor on fertility, mortality, nuptiality, population growth rates, changes in the demographic behavior of the peasantry, and its ethnic composition are revealed. Based on the analysis of the current administrative statistics published by the provincial statistical committee in the annual “Reviews” of the province and “Commemorative books”, as well as the materials of the First All-Russian Population Census of 1897, the author comes to the conclusion that agrarian migrations in the region at the beginning of the 20th century acquired an explosive character, in contrast to a similar process in Western Siberia, which was extended over time. This led to the fact that the formation of a new demographic model, characteristic of modern society, took place in a specific way, since the features of the traditional model dominated in the resettlement environment: high birth rates and mortality, a large population of the peasant family, a younger age composition, intensive marriage, rare family divisions.

Поколенческие изменения брачного поведения россиян: социологический анализ

Analyzed are significant changes, taking place in marital behavior of Russians, i.e. age of first marriage is increasing, and registration is being postponed more and more often. The percentage of those, who are married without registration continues to increase. Data from all-Russian population censuses and micro-censuses, as well as sample surveys of population, allow to identify changes in marital behavior of Russians, which are quite clearly manifested from generation to generation. Analysis of results of population censuses and sample surveys of population allows us to conclude, that marital behavior of Russians has changed in direction of reducing the value of mandatory registered marriage.

DEMOGRAPHIC PROBLEMS OF THE RURAL POPULATION OF THE PREDVOLZHSKY ECONOMIC REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

The study of rural population in the regional context makes it possible to identify demographic problems and analyze the factors influencing the state of rural population and settlements of the republic on the example of the Predvolzhsky agrarian economic region (Predvolzhie) of the Republic of Tatarstan with predominantly rural population. The period for considering the development of the rural population of the economic region was chosen from 1959 to 2019, since the Soviet period of the development of the planned economy and the formation of market relations in agriculture in the republic has its own characteristics and aspects. A significant impact on the rural population of the republic was exerted by the large-scale diversified development of industrial production: the automotive industry, petrochemical production, and the electric power industry. The study reveals the complex impact of historical, geographical, social, economic, transport factors affecting the demographic processes in the rural population of this economic region. The dynamics of changes in the main indicators of demographic processes of the rural population of the Volga region is considered on the example of Apastovsky, Buinsky, Drozhzhanovsky, Kaibitsky, Kamsko-Ustinsky and Tetyushsky rural municipal districts of the Republic of Tatarstan. The article shows the internal territorial differences in the population density of the Predvolzhsky economic region and analyzes the main demographic indicators (birth rate, mortality, decline in dynamics over 60 years), and also reveals positive and negative trends of these indicators using the example of specific municipal areas. The analysis of changes in the dynamics of the rural population and settlements and the reasons for its decrease is presented on the basis of statistical materials of the All-Union and All-Russian population censuses. The article identifies three periods of development of the rural population in the municipal districts of the Predvolzhsky economic region of the Republic of Tatarstan, which reflect the general picture of the vector of development of the rural population of the republic in the period under study. The current crisis state of the demographic indicators of the agrarian economic region shows the need for targeted management decisions in this direction. The research emphasizes that at the moment the country people need economic stability. Existence in rural areas of jobs, the stable salary will allow to stabilize a situation of reduction of country people.

FINANCIAL LITERACY OF THE POPULATION: DIFFERENTIATION BY FEDERAL DISTRICTS

The article presents a secondary analysis of the results of all-Russian population surveys aimed at studying financial accessibility to the basic set of financial services of the entire population of the country, as well as small and medium-sized businesses. The authors draw attention to the significant differentiation of the financial knowledge indicator values across the Federal districts of Russia and the dynamics of this indicator. The results obtained cannot be interpreted unambiguously due to the closed nature of the source data. It is concluded that it is necessary to further study the identified differences in order to ensure the effectiveness of Federal and regional authorities to improve financial literacy of Russians.

Репродуктивное поведение женщин-предпринимателей России

Research in the field of fertility often focuses on peculiarities of reproductive behaviour of various groups of population different in socio-economic status, material and moral needs and reproductive attitudes. Comprehension of these features is important when shaping a pro-birth policy, since different groups of the population may respond differently to the proposed measures. In the article women entrepreneurs are presented as one of the groups of the Russian population with specific reproductive behaviour. The features of demographic profile and reproductive behaviour are analyzed on the basis of results of the All-Russian population census of 2002 and 2010 and a sample survey of the population reproductive plans of 2017.

Urban transformation of a post-soviet coastal city: the case of Saint Petersburg

At the turn of the XX-XXI centuries, post-socialist cities of Europe experienced an active transformation of their socio-demographic and economic structure. A striking feature of post-Soviet cities was the preservation of the disproportionate weight of industry in the economy against the background of a long absence of the real estate market. This phenomenon highlighted the need to solve the problems of socio-economic inequality within the city and restructuring its economy. This is especially true for Russian cities experiencing the shifts in the territorial structure of the population under the influence of transition to market economy, the third industrial revolution and the change of economic- geographical location. This study focuses on identifying trends in the social segmentation of the urban space of St. Petersburg as the second largest city in Russia and a socio-economic center of national importance. The social stratification of the city was studied at the grassroots administrative and territorial level based on the assessment of spatial distribution and the formation of territorial groups of the population with certain qualitative characteristics. The object of the study was 111 municipalities of St. Petersburg. The dynamics of their five most important indicators of demographic, social and economic development in 1989–2018 was analyzed: real estate tax on individuals per capita; the proportion of entrepreneurs; own incomes of municipalities per inhabitant; the proportion of people with an academic degree; cost of housing. Using the rank method, a social welfare rating was compiled. Information for the study was taken from the materials of the general urban planes of St. Petersburg in 1966, 1987 and 2005, the All-Russian population censuses of 2002 and 2010, the databases of the Federal State Statistics Service and the Federal Tax Service, and from the real estate «CIAN» company. The increasing social segregation by income was revealed. The existing differentiation of municipalities in terms of welfare is shown. The poorest are the municipalities of the southern part of the city (Kolpinsky, Nevsky, Krasnoselsky districts and Kronshtadt), while the most prosperous are the municipalities of Petrograd and Central districts, as well as certain territories of the municipal district of Moskovskaya Zastava, the villages of Komarovo, Repino and Solnechnoe.

EXPERIENCE OF INFORMATION-EXPLANATORY WORK ON PREPARATION OF THE All-RUSSIAN POPULATION CENSUS IN THE TERRITORY OF THE UDMURT REPUBLIC IN 2008-2010

On the eve of the All-Russian Population Census 2020, the article analyzes the experience of organizing and conducting outreach to the population during the preparation of the All-Russian Population Census 2010. The information work of the modern census should be carried out on a highly professional basis with the involvement of specialists in the field of communication and using modern information technologies. An information campaign, which includes informing the population of the country about the census, forming a positive attitude towards the census among the population, encouraging participation in it and providing information about oneself, is one of the main areas of preparation for the census. Historians and researchers note that the lack of public awareness of the purpose of the census and the lack of explanatory work on the meaning, objectives and goals of the census negatively affect the attitude and results of the census. The authors analyze the experience of information work on the census of Udmurtia in the period from 2008 to 2010. Materials of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Udmurt Republic were used as the main source.

Assessing the Scale of Illegal Migration in Russia: Possible Approaches and Sources of Information

The article discusses various approaches to estimate the scale of illegal migration in Russia, based on the use of administrative data of the Federal Migration Service, the Main Directorate for Migration of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (MDM) and the Border Service of Russia. It is noted that the problem of assessing illegal migration for the Russian Federation has become very relevant since the late 1990s, when the migration landscape changed, and forced migration flows were replaced by mass labor migration, mostly undocumented.The article discusses the definitions of illegal migration and the main methodological and practical approaches to determining its scale. It is emphasized that in Russian practice, the definition of illegal migrants mainly implies foreigners with short-term or temporary status, working without permits and without the right to stay in Russia (most often, due to the excess of the permitted duration of stay). This narrowing of definitions is explained by the nature of migration processes in Russia: the predominance of short-term and temporary forms of migration, mainly for the purpose of employment, as well as visa-free entry for 90% of labor migrants.The paper provides a brief overview of the foreign practices of assessing illegal migration and explains the possibilities of using these methods in Russia. Several methodological approaches are considered in the article, based on different types of statistical information and involving different calculation algorithms for assessment of the stocks and flows of illegal migrants. In particular, it describes the system of criteria related to the right to work and stay in Russia, which was until recently used by the MDM of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia to identify the stock of violators among foreigners who were staying at a certain moment of time on the territory of Russia. In addition, a method of reclassification of purposes of entry to estimate the stock of potential undocumented labour migrants is being considered. To calculate the number of long-term illegal migrants staying in Russia for more than a year, it is proposed to use the “residual method”, which is common in foreign practice. The article also shows the possibility of assessing the flows of undocumented labor migrants based on comparison of data on migrants’ registration at a place of stay with the purpose “work” with the number of persons who received permits. The method based on the border control data which was used in early 2000s is discussed from a critical point of view.All approaches are illustrated with relevant statistical examples and accompanied by comments on possible vulnerabilities, dealing with both the data itself and the methodology. Explanations are given regarding the prospects and limitations of the materials of the all-Russian population censuses and the Labor Force Survey for estimates of illegal migration. In the final section of the article, the author formulates some recommendations to adjust the methodology for assessing the scale of illegal migration in Russia, for improvement of its accuracy. The necessity of changing the time criteria associated with excess of permitted duration of stay (those with visa and visa-free regime of entry to Russia) and the feasibility of structuring the stock of illegal migrants by duration of stay, that will allow to identify those who already refer to the permanent population, and to improve the international comparability of the Russian estimates.

ПОДХОДЫ К УЧЕТУ ГРАЖДАНСТВА И ЭТНИЧНОСТИ МИГРАНТОВ В РОССИИ

The increased intensity of international migration flows affects the need to record citizenship, ethnicity, nationality in statistical aggregates. Active migration shows the need for changes in the approach to taking into account the ethnic structure of the population and the flows of permanent and labor international migration. The results of the analysis of statistical records of citizenship and ethnic structure of the population and migrants in Russia and some foreign countries are presented in the article. The analysis of accounting indicators in Russia is based on official sources of the Federal State Statistics Service, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation. The information of these organizations makes it possible to analyze the ethnic component of international migration flows. The paper analyzes the approaches to accounting for the ethno-demographic characteristics of migrants at the federal level. It is shown that during the current registration, migrants indicate their citizenship and country of birth, as well as their nationality and religion by self-determination. However, in official publications, data on migration are narrowed down to the item “Citizenship”. Based on the approach about the likely mobility of ethnic self-identification, the set of variables for specifying the socio-cultural characteristics of both the resident population and foreign citizens could include several indicators. Based on the analysis of the experience of foreign countries in the development of questions on the ethno-demographic characteristics of the population, the authors propose, in the framework of the census of the Russian Federation, to consider the possibility of including additional data on the place of birth of the respondent's father and mother. The request for this information does not contradict the constitutional law, however, it will allow obtaining more correct data on the ethnic and cultural roots of the person being rewritten for analysis. Nationality based on self-identification is included in the list of issues in the All-Russian Population Census. However, the authors propose the issue of nationality in the migration registration card. This is due to the fact that now operational accounting does not take into account changes in the national composition of the country and its individual regions, which limits the possibilities of implementing a balanced ethnopolitics.

Реконструкция исторической топографии городов Сибири средствами ГИС (на примере Тобольска на рубеже XIX–XX вв.)

The article presents the analytical results of the project to reconstruct the social space of the city of Tobolsk according to the First All-Russian Population Census of 1897. The project is comprehensive, interdisciplinary in nature and is represented by a multi-stage structure. The source base of the project is represented by various types of sources and allows to recreate an objective and fairly complete model of the topography of urban space. The possibilities and effectiveness of the using of geographic information technologies in the studying of urban space are repeatedly confirmed by both foreign and domestic researchers. Many of these projects are available as interactive maps in the public domain on the Internet. The project for the reconstruction of urban space of Siberian cities at the turn of the 19th–20th c. included the development of the GIS “The population of Siberian cities at the turn of the 19th–20th c.” and the presentation of the results in the form of an interactive resource posted in the public domain with its further analysis. The city can be considered as a constantly developing phenomenon. The development of its environment is influenced by various external factors. In direct relationship with the city is its population. The objective of the project at the stage of analytical work is identification of the features and patterns of the influence of urban space on the distribution of the population, taking into account its estate, confessional, professional affiliation, i.e. the formation of the social topography of urban space. Tobolsk was chosen as a city, which preserved a significant number of written and visual sources (photographs). The results of the project showed the appropriateness of applying GIS technologies, which makes it possible to extend this experience to the study of the topography of other Siberian cities.

Sociodemographic and Regional Determinants of Dietary Patterns in Russia.

An empirical assessment of diets using a posteriori analysis allows us to define actual dietary patterns (DPs) in the food consumption structure of a population. This study represents an a posteriori assessment of DPs for the Russian population in general as well as their dependence on socio-demographic and regional parameters. The data were obtained from 21,923 individuals aged 25–64 years old from a Russian multicenter study of “Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Regions of the Russian Federation” conducted in 2013–2014. Cross-sectional study subjects were interviewed face-to-face in order to obtain data on their diet. DPs were defined using principal component analysis. Four DPs were specified as “Rational”, “Salt”, “Meat”, and “Mixed”; all these variants together accounted for 55.9% of variance. Diets in gender and age groups corresponded to those for an all-Russian population; in several regions, the defined diets differed from the all-Russian ones. More favorable diet trends were observed among women, people with no family, people not working, and urban dwellers, and diet trends were more favorable with an increase in age, level of education, and material wealth. Thus, a posteriori DPs were defined for the Russian population, which were stable in sex/age groups and were mediated by the socio-demographic characteristics of the population.

ETHNOLINGUISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF UDMURT REPUBLIC RESIDENTS (ACCORDING TO POPULATION CENSUSES)

The article indicates the ethnolinguistic characteristics of the people of the Udmurt Republic based on the censuses information. It is known that in countries with a multi-ethnic composition of the population, language problems remain one of the most delicate and painful. In the Udmurt Republic, issues related to language policy, preservation and development of the Udmurt language, and the teaching of native languages in educational institutions hold relevance in academic literature and the media, and are discussed at scientific events, in government bodies, and national-cultural organizations. Meanwhile, in the post-Soviet period, censuses are the only source that can reliably determine the number of speakers of different languages. According to the author, due to a number of reasons, inaccuracies were made when collecting information on the linguistic characteristics of Russian citizens during the 2010 census. Therefore, in anticipation of the All-Russian Population Census 2020, it is necessary to analyze once again the experience of conducting and the results of past censuses in order to collect high-quality, reliable ethnolinguistic information. In our opinion, the experience of the 2015 micro-census is especially useful when new questionnaires and methods for collecting information have been tested. The author believes that part of the “ethnic and linguistic problems” can be resolved by giving citizens the right to indicate complex (dual) ethnicity and two native languages during the census.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАЗВИТИЯ ХОЗЯЙСТВУЮЩИХ СУБЪЕКТОВ В РОССИЙСКИХ РЕГИОНАХ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН И ПЕНЗЕНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ)

The modern diversity of the agricultural sector in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation stimulates further optimization of decisions in the field of managing the country’s territories. Regional differentiation is largely related to the priorities of economic entities in the formation of agricultural policy. The hypothesis is formulated in the article and arguments are presented that show that between the All-Russian agricultural censuses of 2006 and 2016 there was a further deepening of differences in the rural industry of the regions of the Russian Federation. This is manifested in the redistribution of production specializations and in the development of the resource potential of economic entities. The authors present the results of All-Russian population censuses of 2006 and 2016 in the Republic of Tatarstan and Penza region. They calculated the relative indicators of agricultural activity of agricultural organizations, peasant farms and private farms in these constituent entities of the Russian Federation. It has been revealed that Tatarstan is characterized by a soft intensification of agriculture and a policy of strengthening all business entities. In Penza region, their reduction and accelerated development of some entities is observed. In it, the surviving business entities have become more economically sound. A comparison of the regions revealed a deepening of their production specializations. They are similar in that the rural entrepreneurship did not become a significant participant in the agricultural sector, although there is an increase in the availability of its equipment.

To the question of the modern condition of the diasporic languages of the Krasnoyarsk region

The article examines the current state of the diasporic languages of the Krasnoyarsk Region and the problem of their extinction which actualizes the study of these idioms as linguistic and ecological objects. Comparing the dynamics of representatives of the most numerous non-indigenous nationalities of the region and the proportion of persons owning these languages, from 2002 to 2010, the author focuses on the fact that the number of speakers of most minor languages is steadily decreasing. Based on the data presented in the official publication of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census, it was calculated first the percentage of own language of its own ethnic group by non-indigenous people of numerous nationalities of the Krasnoyarsk Region and secondly the percentage of non-indigenous people who indicated the language of their ethnic group as their mother tongue. It is revealed that the highest rates are observed among representatives of nationalities with a significant share of growth since 2002 (Uzbeks, Tajiks, Kyrgyz). These indicators are explained by a short time interval of assimilation processes affecting these ethnic groups. The percentage of representatives who indicated the language of their own ethnos as their own, as a rule, exceeds the percentage of those who speak this language, but the exception is made up of representatives of some old-timed diasporas (Ukrainians, Germans and Belarusians).

Age structure of the population of Moscow and St. Petersburg: yesterday, today, and tomorrow

The article analyzes the dynamics of the aggregate age structure of the population of Moscow and St. Petersburg between 1990 and 2015, as well as in the long term up to 2045 in accordance with a number of scenarios of changes in the indicators of major demographic processes. Besides, the population pyramids of St. Petersburg and Moscow according to the following population censuses are considered: the First Census of Population of the Russian Empire of 1897, the All-Union population censuses of 1926, 1939, 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989, the All-Russian population censuses of 2002 and 2010, and a quantitative evaluation of their similarities and differences is given.

Genetic Demography of the Population of St. Petersburg: Migration Processes

The principal genetic demographic parameters that describe migration processes affecting the structure of the St. Petersburg population gene pool were determined on the basis of the demographic statistics obtained from the Petrostat Agency, All-Russian population censuses, and a sample survey of St. Petersburg residents. The migration coefficient was 0.36 according to the survey data, 0.42 according to the 2002 census, 0.44 according to the 2010 census, and 0.69 according to the 1897 census. The estimated average migration distance was 1746 km from the survey data, 1526 km according to the 2002 census, and 1652 km according to the 2010 census. The sources of the St. Petersburg population gene pool in different periods are discussed: in the 18th and 19th centuries, the main source was the population of the Upper Volga and Northwestern provinces of the Russian Empire, as well as foreign immigrants, whereas currently three quarters of the population gene pool originates from the Northwestern Federal District, 10% comes from natives of foreign countries, and only 6–9% is due to the population of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation. An analysis of the Rosstat migration statistics showed that the composition of migrants by countries of exit varied over time. For instance, the share of migrants who arrived in St. Petersburg from Russia in the last five years ranged from 74 to 87%. In 2013–2014, most international migrants came from Uzbekistan (10% of all arrivals) and Tajikistan (3–4%), while in 2017, the countries with the highest number of migrants ranked as follows: Kyrgyzstan (almost 4%), Ukraine (about 2%), Belarus (1.5%), Kazakhstan (1.25%), and Armenia (1%). Migration processes determine the dynamics of the ethnic composition of the population. Gender differences in migration flows are manifested in different age structure and in unequal sex ratio within particular ethnic groups (e.g., predominance of men in the “young” ethnic diasporas: Armenians, Azerbaijani, and Uzbeks). The described features of migration processes in St. Petersburg should be taken into account when forming genetic marker databases for the purposes of DNA-based identification. The areas of migration attraction of St. Petersburg and Moscow overlap only partially, which predetermines the need to create separate databases for each megacity.

ETHNO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND LINGUISTIC PROBLEMS OF THE UDMURT POPULATION IN BASHKORTOSTAN

The subject of the study is the ethno-demographic and linguistic problems of the Finno-Ugric peoples in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The object of the study is the Udmurts of Bashkortostan. The methodological basis of the study is the historical and chronological method, which allows revealing the processes in the diachronic section based on the study of data of the all-Union and all-Russian population censuses. It is noted that according to the all-Union population census of 1926, the share of the Udmurt population in the Republic was 0.9 %. At the same time, 95.8 % of them recognized the language of their nationality as their native language, which was one of the highest rates among the Finno-Ugric peoples of the Republic. The analysis of ethno-demographic and linguistic development of the Udmurt population from 1887 to 2010 showed that there is a process of gradual reduction of the Udmurt population and the share of recognition of the language of their ethnic group as their native language not only in Bashkortostan, but also in the Russian Federation as a whole.

Pregnancy outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Part I. Maternal outcomes

Improved diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) contribute to the remission of the disease and improve the quality of life of patients. In this regard, more and more women with RA and SLE decide to have pregnancy, which makes it actual to study the features of its course and outcomes in these diseases.Objective: to evaluate maternal pregnancy outcomes in patients with RA and SLE.Subjects and methods. 76 cases of pregnancy were traced prospectively in 72 patients: 32 pregnancies in 29 patients with RA and 44 pregnancies in 43 patients with SLE.Results and discussion. 72 of 76 (94.7%) supervised pregnancies ended in childbirth with the birth of a viable baby. There were three cases of pregnancy loss in the second trimester in SLE patients with concomitant antiphospholipid syndrome (AFS) and one case (3.1%) of perinatal infant death (a boy and a girl, monochorionic diamniotic twins with reverse arterial perfusion syndrome) in a patient with seropositive RA. Compared with the all-Russian population, the supervised RA and SLE patients more often had prematurely birth (37.5‰, 18.7% and 22.7%) and caesarean section (CS; in 236.7‰, 50%, and 56.8% respectively). In the SLE group CS was conducted due to the emergency reasons more frequently than in RA, (respectively 47,7% and 25%, relative risk of 1.9 [1; 3.7]; p=0.04). CS at the first birth was performed more often during RA and SLE than before the onset of the disease (p<0.001). Preeclampsia in patients with RA was diagnosed more often than in the population (9.4% and 15.7 per 1000 births, respectively). There was a reverse correlation between the timing of delivery and disease activity according DAS28-CRP in II (r= 0.5; p=0.01) and III (r= 0.6; p=0.0005) trimesters of pregnancy, and in patients with moderate and high activity of RA in the third trimester (n=12) delivery was earlier than in the control group (n=20), remission or low activity of RA (p<0.01). In patients with SLE who had birth prematurely (22.7%), the duration of the disease (p=0.02) and the duration of oral glucocorticoid therapy (p=0.003) were greater compared with SLE patients having term birth (70.5%); the dose of glucocorticoids at the time of conception and delivery did not affect the timing of delivery.Conclusion. Planning of pregnancy in patients with RA and SLE, monitoring during pregnancy and timely correction of therapy contribute to uncomplicated course of gestation and improve maternal outcomes.