Abstract
The difficult demographic situation and the search for an effective model of demographic and family policy have revived the discourse about the Russian family model. The article aims at describing general and specific characteristics of the desired family model in different generations to identify vectors of transformation of the family institution and directions of the family policy. The authors conclusions are based on the statistical data, all-Russian population censuses (2002 and 2010), micro-census (2015), sample surveys of the Federal State Statistics Service, and the results of the authors research conducted in 2019. Ideas about the desired family model change under the influence of cultural and social-economic factors and differ between generations; therefore, a comparison of the opinions of different generations allow to identify transformations of the desired family model and directions of family policy. Family is still a significant value for Russians, but the model of the desired family changes towards nuclearization, mosaic family life models, decreasing role of formal mechanisms for regulating marriage, and increasing share of people who do not want a family. The discourse about the traditional family model, which is the basis of the Russian family policy, is supported by many Russians only formally. In general, Russians ideas about the desired family model change in the direction of liberalizing norms and attitudes to marriage and family life, and there are serious generational differences. Methods of multivariate statistical analysis allowed the authors to identify typological groups that differ in their ideas about the happy family.
Highlights
family policy have revived the discourse about the Russian family model
The authors' conclusions are based on the statistical data
which is the basis of the Russian family policy
Summary
В целом представления россиян о желаемой модели семьи меняются в направлении либерализации норм и установок в отношении брака и семейной жизни, причем наблюдаются серьезные поколенческие различия. Исследования свидетельствуют, что при сохранении ценности семьи в системе жизненных приоритетов россиян меняются модели семейной жизни, которые считаются наиболее желательными, и, видимо, эти изменения по-разному отражаются в оценках представителей разных поколений. Родители (36–50 лет) настроены более категорично в отношении незарегистрированного брака (среди них тех, кто «категорически против» такой формы отношений, в два раза больше — 41,8%, чем среди молодежи — 21,2%).
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