Alhagi Maurorum Research Articles

Phytotoxic effect of Alhagi maurorum on the growth and physiological activities of Pisum sativum L.

The present work was conducted to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Alhagi maurorum at different rates (1, 5, 10, 15%, w/v) on the growth as well as some physiological parameters of pea (Pisum sativum L.). The pot experiment revealed that Alhagi maurorum aqueous extract reduced all growth parameters of pea plant along with photosynthesis pigments, insoluble sugars, total carbohydrate, total protein and total phenolics. On the other hand, soluble sugars, soluble protein, proline, flavonoids and antioxidant enzymes increased upon treatment with aqueous solution of Alhagi maurorum. The adverse effect of the extract on the growth of treated pea plants especially hydroquinone and sinapyl alcohol that were found in relatively high concentration in the extract were identified and quantified by the GC–MS of the methanolic extract of Alhagi maurorum.

Phytochemistry and therapeutic effects of Alhagi spp. and tarangabin in the Traditional and modern medicine: a review

Alhagi maurorum is one of the species of Alhagi genus producing manna of Tarangabin. Tarangabin is mainly prepared in Iran and Afghanistan. The medicinal properties of Tarangabin and A. maurorum have been mentioned in some major Materia Medica manuscripts in the Islamic era. Tarangabin has various pharmacological properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, analgesic and gastrointestinal effects. The purpose of this review is to introduce Alhagi plant and its different species, to present its geographical distribution, and to review its phytochemical and pharmacological properties as well as traditional and folklore applications. Phytochemistry of different parts of Alhagi, such as root, leaf and manna is also explained in details. In addition, temperament and medicinal uses of Tarangabin mentioned in the Islamic traditional medicine (ITM) books are presented. Indeed, sparse clinical research has been done on the medicinal properties of Tarangabin, which calls for future well-designed trials.

Phyto-chemical evaluation of ethanomedicinal herb jawasaa

Alhagi pseudalhagi (Bieb) Desv. (Leguminosae) is widely distributed in Semi-arid zone of India. A.pseudalhagi is one of the most widely used medicinal plants for the treatment of various diseases in different rural and remote areas of district Etah in UP, India. Alhagi is rich in biologically active phyto-chemicals such as phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids and polysaccharides along with different essential minerals, proteins and lipids. Alhagi plants are widely used as folk medicines to treat a large number of diseases of which a few are the following: gastroenteritis, diarrhea, ulcers, liver disorders, fever, hypertension, angina pain, headache and toothache, inflammations, rheumatoid arthritis, renal stone and urinary tract infections. The study includes preparation of different extract by successive solvent extraction for detail analysis. Fluorescence analysis of different successive extract and powder were noted under UV (366nm) and ordinary light, which signifies their characteristic. Preliminary qualitative chemical test for different extract showed presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates and glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, fixed oils and fats, protein and amino acids, steroids and terpenoids.

Alhagi maurorum aqueous extract protects against norfloxacin-induced hepato-nephrotoxicity in rats

ObjectivesWhile the protective effects of Alhagi maurorum have been shown against various ailments, its role against norfloxacin-induced adverse effects has not been studied. The current study was conducted to determine the effect of A. maurorum aqueous extract against norfloxacin-induced side effects in rats. MethodsTwenty-four male albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups, which received normal saline, norfloxacin (50 mg/kg b.wt orally once a day), A. maurorum aqueous extract (300 mg/kg b.wt orally once a day), and norfloxacin with A. maurorum aqueous extract by the same previous mentioned dosages. Blood samples were collected for hematological examination to evaluate liver and kidney function tests. Hepatic and renal tissue samples were obtained to assess antioxidant activity and histopathological examination. ResultsA. maurorum aqueous extract significantly ameliorated norfloxacin-induced elevation in tissue malondialdehyde, and reduction in tissue antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities as well as reduced glutathione concentration. Concurrent administration of A. maurorum aqueous extract with norfloxacin significantly reduced serum alkaline phosphatase, aminotransferases, urea, creatinine, and uric acid and increased RBCs count, Hb concentration, PCV, leucocyte, and monocyte counts compared with the norfloxacin-treated group. Co-administration of A. maurorum aqueous extract with norfloxacin prevented the degenerative changes induced by norfloxacin alone in liver and kidney tissues. The phytochemical profile of the extract showed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, and flavonoids. ConclusionThese findings indicated that A. maurorum possesses potent antioxidant activities and could be used to attenuate norfloxacin-induced side effects.

Medicinal Plants for Treatment Kidney Stones, An ethnobotany Study in Shahrekord

Urinary tract stones are the third leading urinary tract disease. People with kidney stones suffer from severe colic pain, which is not often completely relieved with common analgesic medications and opioid drugs are used to relieve pain. The aim of this ethnobotanical study was to identify medicinal plants used by indigenous people of Shahrekord for kidney stones. The present study was carried out in Shahrekord from 21 April 2017 to 19 February 2018 via face-to-face interview with and the questionnaire including demographic information administered to 29 local traditional therapists for collecting indigenous knowledge of local people about the anti-kidney stone effects of medicinal plants in the region under purpose. The data drawn from the questionnaires were meticulously and appropriately tabulated. Data were finally analyzed by the Excel software. In this study, the frequency use of plants was calculated by the following formula. The results showed that 17 medicinal plants from 11 families are used by the people of Shahrekord to treat kidney stones. The Apiaceae and Asteraceae families were dominant. Most used organs were aerial parts (29%). Alhagi maurorum ، Tribulus terrestris,Brassica rapa subsp. rapa had the highest frequency of citation (FC) (79%, 70% and 41%, respectively). The findings suggest that humans traditionally use medicinal plants to prevent or treat kidney stones. Besides, although there is no definite evidence on the effects of some plants on kidney stones, their effects on the kidney stones may be due to their active ingredients.

An Ethnobotanical Study of Hepatoprotective Herbs from Shahrekord, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Southwest of Iran

Background and objective: Hepatoprotection using herbal drugs and preventing very common liver disease is very necessary in today’s world. Therefore, this ethnobotanical study was conducted to identify and report medicinal plants in Shahrekord with hepatoprotective effect. Factors such as oxidative stress, free radicals, white alcohol, chemicals, pesticides, heavy metals, viruses and drugs can cause liver tissue damage. Methods: In this ethnobotanical study, indigenous knowledge about medicinal plants used as hepatoprotective agents in Shahrekord was investigated from 21 April 2017 to 19 February 2018 by referring to 29 traditional therapists in the region under study and administering a questionnaire to them. The results of the questionnaires were consistently tabulated. Data were finally analyzed by the Excel software. Frequency of rate was also calculated and reported. Results: The results showed that in Shahrekord, 15 medicinal plant species from 9 herbal families consisting of Silybum marianum, Nigella sativa, Cichorium intybus L., Rheum ribes L., Alyssum spp., Fumaria spp, Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam, Descurainia sophia (L.) Prantle, Taraxacum officinale, Malva sylvestris L, Rumex pulcher L., Melissa officinalis L, Alhagi maurorum, Alcea spp. and Echinophora platyloba DC. from a total of six plant families are used as hepatoprotective plants. Conclusion: Due to the importance of herbs in Shahrekord, and their high use and consumption by the people, the results of this ethnobotanical study can provide a good basis for more scientific use of medicinal plants to produce products with higher efficacy and less harms.

Phytochemistry of Leguminous Species

The paper considers the legume family at Kapchagay Reservoir, including camel thorn (Alhagi pseudalhagi (M. B.) Desv.), silver sand acacia (Ammodendron argenteum (Pall.) O. Ktze.), salt tree (Halimodendron halodendron (Pall.) Voss.), the vegetative organs, flowers and fruits of the plants. The dosage forms of these plants and their importance are identified. As a result of the phytochemical study, it has been found that the species in the herbaceous family are similar to the phytochemical composition of camel thorn and salt tree.

Potency of Alhagi maurorum plant extracts as phytoacaricidal against Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Recently, botanical insecticides have more alertness in pest control programs for its various advantages. Alhagi maurorum plant (camel thorn) one of the important medicinal plants in Fabaceae. The phytoacaricidal activity of A. maurorum plant extracts was evaluated against Panonychus citri. The aerial part of A. maurorum was extracted by methanol, petroleum ether, and water separately using the soaking and Soxhlet extraction. The rate of female daily deposited eggs varied considerably according to A. maurorum plant extracts and the sublethal concentrations. A few numbers of eggs laid were observed with the methanol extract (0.73 eggs), petroleum ether (2.16 eggs), and aqueous (4.31 eggs) at LC75, while the high number observed in the untreated female groups (29.37 eggs) and Selecron insecticide (6.99 eggs). The same pattern was occurred in the hatchability with the tested bio-acaricides compared with Selecron insecticide and untreated ones. Based on sublethal dose LC25, LC50, and LC75, the tested acaricides was significantly reduced the number of hatched eggs, where it reached (30.7, 13, 5.6%), (37.6, 21.6, 15%) and (44.3, 30.8, 23.8%) for methanol, petroleum ether, and aqueous plant extract, respectively compared with untreated groups (91.2%). Concurrently, data showed that methanol extract has a significantly impacted on the reduction of viability (58.16%) and reproductive process while the effect was less with the aqueous plant extracts (46.21%). Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified various bioactive complexes (phenols, tannins, and fatty acids) with insecticidal activity. The peak of compounds was higher in Benzene, (1-butylhebtyl)- undecane, 5-phenyl (8.75 %), Maltol 4H-pyran-4-one,3-hydroxy-2-methyl(2.74%) 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, linolenic acid (2.45%) in petroleum ether extract and 4H-pyran-4-one,2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl (3.66%), 2-Furan-carboxaldehyde, 5-(hydroxymethyl) (3.33%), Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalatehalic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl)ester (5.58%) in methanol extract. 2,3-Dimethylpenzene-1,4-dicarbonitrile (20.26%), 4-Fluoroveratrole, fluorobenzene,3,4-methoxy (19.52%) and Hexadecanoic acid (0.87 %). Finally, we concluded that methanol, petroleum ether, and aqueous extracts screened showed phytoacaricidal activity against mite P. citri.

The Antibacterial, Antiheamolytic, and Antioxidant Activities of Laurus nobilis and Alhagi maurorum Native to Iraq.

Ethanolic crude extracts of leaves from Laurus nobilis and Alhagi maurorumfor were screened for alkaloids, saponins, tannins, anthraquinones, steroids, flavonoids, glycosides, and glucosides contents. Biochemical activities, including antibacterial activity, antioxidant, and antihemolytic activity, were investigated. Antibacterial activity against Three types of pathogenic bacteria was detected by disc diffusion analysis and characterized by zone of inhibition (ZOI). Antioxidant properties were determined by a diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Results revealed that the inhibitory activity of the plants against G+ve and G-ve bacteria were different, where the greatest ZOI of Alhagi maurorum against Staphylococcus aureus was 12.66 mm, while its effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa generated an 8.33 mm ZOI, with no did not effects on Escherichia coli. Extract of Laurus nobilis against Escherichia coli with a ZOI reached to 10.33 mm, but did not significantly influence the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. When the plant extracts were mixed in equal quantities, the percentage of the effect were increased, where the greatest effect of the mixed observed in E. coli was a 16.66mm ZOI, and in Staphylococcus aureus to 15.66mm. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa the ZOI reached to a 12.33 mm. This is referred to as synergistic effect between these plants against pathogenic bacteria. The extracts did not have any toxic effects on human red blood cells.

Analgesic Medicinal Plants in Shahrekord, Southwest of Iran: An Ethnobotanical Study

Background: Identification of indigenous medicinal plants, including the gathering of information regarding the uses of these plants can help find out their traditional pharmacological activities and their benefits for the community’s healthcare system. In this study, an ethnobotanical investigation was conducted in Shahrekord city, southwest of Iran to indicate the ethnobotanical knowledge about analgesic medicinal plants in the region and the methods of using them. Materials and Methods: To this end, plant antioxidants and analgesic medicinal plants were identified. For this purpose, a questionnaire was used to obtain indigenous knowledge from traditional therapists in Shahrekord regarding pain relief using medicinal plants. This ethnobotanical study was conducted in 2018 with the participation of 29 traditional therapists of the region under purpose. Finally, the data drawn from the questionnaires were analyzed using the Excel software. The frequency of plants use was also calculated. Results: Our study showed that in Shahrekord, 23 species of medicinal plants are used to relieve pain. The highest frequency of use was obtained for Eugenia caryophylata (44%), followed by Alhagi maurorum (31%), Tribulus terrestris (27%), and angustifolia (24%). The Laminaceae family (7 species) was the most frequently used plant family for pain relief. The most frequently used plant organ to relieve the pain was flower (25%), followed by the stem (22%) and leaves (19%). Conclusion: Given the high importance of medicinal plants in Shahrekord, the results of this study and additional scientific investigations can help produce more effective and less harmful drugs from medicinal plants. [GMJ.2019;8:e1593]

Analgesic Medicinal Plants in Shahrekord, Southwest of Iran: An Ethnobotanical Study.

Background: Identification of indigenous medicinal plants, including the gathering of information regarding the uses of these plants can help find out their traditional pharmacological activities and their benefits for the community’s healthcare system. In this study, an ethnobotanical investigation was conducted in Shahrekord city, southwest of Iran to indicate the ethnobotanical knowledge about analgesic medicinal plants in the region and the methods of using them. Materials and Methods: To this end, plant antioxidants and analgesic medicinal plants were identified. For this purpose, a questionnaire was used to obtain indigenous knowledge from traditional therapists in Shahrekord regarding pain relief using medicinal plants. This ethnobotanical study was conducted in 2018 with the participation of 29 traditional therapists of the region under purpose. Finally, the data drawn from the questionnaires were analyzed using the Excel software. The frequency of plants use was also calculated. Results: Our study showed that in Shahrekord, 23 species of medicinal plants are used to relieve pain. The highest frequency of use was obtained for Eugenia caryophylata (44%), followed by Alhagi maurorum (31%), Tribulus terrestris (27%), and angustifolia (24%). The Laminaceae family (7 species) was the most frequently used plant family for pain relief. The most frequently used plant organ to relieve the pain was flower (25%), followed by the stem (22%) and leaves (19%). Conclusion: Given the high importance of medicinal plants in Shahrekord, the results of this study and additional scientific investigations can help produce more effective and less harmful drugs from medicinal plants.

In-vitro callus induction and multiplication of inter-nodal explants in plants Dicoma tomentosa and Alhagi maurorum

Dicoma tomentosa and Alhagi maurorum are the two medicinal plants with fast in-vitro growth. Both the plants have high economic values. Both the plants were investigated on nodal segments and on leaves. The plants were cultured in five different conditions of medium ranging from MS1- MS5. The hormones were used in these mediums in different concentrations. BAP, NAA, Kinetin, and 2,4 D were use. The MS medium in combination with BAP (2.0 and 2.0mg/ml) with NAA 0.1 mg/ml with kinetin 0.25 mg/ml with 2-4 D were taken, where BAP 1 mg/ml with 2 mg/ml of NAA, BAP 2 mg/ml with 0.5 mg/ml of NAA showed better results with callus growth and root-shoot initiation. The best rooting medium found was MS medium supplemented with IAA and IBA 0.5mg/ each. The culture medium was used in different concentrations for estimation of primary metabolites. Maximum protein and lipid percentage were noticed in leaves of both the plants. It can be concluded that both the studied plants have high medicinal importance and can be used as raw material for industry. Keywords: - Dicoma tomentosa; Alhagi maurorum; Plant hormones; MS media.

Study of some properties and antibacterial activity of (Alhagi maurorum Medik) collected from the desert of Al – Najaf

In traditional medicine, Alhagi maurorum is one member of medicinal plants which is used for many diseases therapy, that it is used as diuretic and Kidney stones treatments. This study was founded to identify some morphological characters and antibacterial activity of methanolic extract of A. maurorum. The morphological properties studied with macro and microscopical examination while the antibacterial activity by screening with well diffusion method against Bacillus cereus and Proteus mirabilis. The results showed that the plant is shrubby herb with evergreen appearance and its leaves are small obovate shape and the polygonal epidermal cells covered with thick cuticle layer. Stomata are frequently Paracytic type in addition to a few anomocytic type with unicellular covering trichome and prismatic crystals. The plant did not showed antibacterial activity against studied bacteria ( Bacillus cereus and Proteus mirabilis ) with concentrations up to 200 mg / ml.

Evaluation of antioxidant potential of Dicoma tomentosa and Alhagi maurorum leaf and stem powder

Dicoma tomentosa and Alhagi maurorum are perennial herbaceous plant having multiple medicinal health benefits. The free radicals are generated in the body as metabolic products of several reactions. These free radicals cause multiple harms to the cell, on their cell wall, to the DNA and cause number of diseases. In the present study, the plants were selected and collected from Rajasthan and were shade-dried. The powder was formed of leaves and stem of both the plants. The methanolic extract was prepared for further studies and the enzymatic and non-enzymatic potential of evaluated through their standard protocols. Dicoma tomentosa and Alhagi maurorum both showed strong antioxidant potential. While comparing both the plants with standard, the stem of Dicoma tomentosa was found having comparatively strong antioxidant potential. Keywords: Alhagi maurorum, Dicoma tomentosa, antioxidant potential, in-vitro study, comparative evaluation.

Medicinal plants for kidney pain: An ethnobotanical study on Shahrekord city, West of Iran

Kidney problems such as kidney stones, pyelonephritis, nephropathy, diabetes, hypertension and other kidney complications can cause kidney pain. In general, opioid and non-opioid systemic analgesics are used to control pain that have many side effects such as nausea, vomiting, sedation, and respiratory depression. Studies on plants that can be useful in the treatment of kidney diseases such as kidney pain are difficult and little research has been done in this regard. Therefore, in this ethnobotanical study, plant antioxidants and medicinal plants affecting kidney pain were identified. For this purpose, a questionnaire was used to identify and obtain indigenous information and knowledge of traditional therapists in Shahrekord regarding the treatment of kidney pain. This ethnobotanical study was conducted from 21 April, 2016 to 19 February, 2017 in 29 traditional therapists of the region under purpose. Finally, the data drawn from the questionnaires were analyzed using the Excel software. In this study, the frequency of plant use was also calculated. The results of this study showed that 16 species of medicinal plants from 11 plant families in this region are used to cure kidney pain. The most frequently used are for anti-kidney pain was Alhagi maurorum (79%) followed by Tribulus terrestris (70%). Besides, the Asteraceae (5 plant species) was the largest family of medicinal plants with anti-kidney pain effect, and the flower (32%) was the most frequently used plant organ for anti-kidney pain property.

Nano-wollastonite to improve fire retardancy in medium-density fiberboard (MDF) made from wood fibers and camel-thorn

ABSTRACT Wollastonite is an abundant mineral containing silicon, calcium and oxygen that has been shown to improve the properties of wood-based panels. Camel thorn (Alhagi maurorum) is a weed growing across much of Central Asia, and has relatively few commercial uses. The effects of addition of nano-wollastonite (NW) and camel-thorn chips on fire resistance of medium-density fiberboard (MDF) were assessed. Addition of 5 or 10% NW to urea-formaldehyde resin produced significant improvements in times to onset of ignition and glowing, as well as duration of burning in the panels. NW acted as a non-combustible mineral insulating layer. DFT analysis suggested that bonds between NW and wood cell-wall polymers improved overall panel properties by better integrating fibers into the composite matrix. The increased thermal conductivity caused by addition of NW also improved resin curing. Addition of 5 or 10% camel thorn chips to the resin prior to pressing negatively impacted fire properties. The results illustrate the potential for improving fire properties in MDF properties using NW.

Reduced TNF-α, IL-1β and COX-2 Expressions and Decreased Production Rate of PGE2 and NO in Articular Chondrocytes of Monocyte/Macrophage using the Aqueous Extract Alhagi Maurorum L.

Reduced TNF-α, IL-1β and COX-2 Expressions and Decreased Production Rate of PGE2 and NO in Articular Chondrocytes of Monocyte/Macrophage using the Aqueous Extract Alhagi Maurorum L.

Assessment of camel thorn (Alhagi maurorum) as new sources of bioactive compounds using GC-MS technique

Alhagi maurorum (A. maurorum) is one of the medicinally important plants belonging to the family leguminasae, commonly known as camel thorn. This research was amid to identify the chemical compounds in the aerial part of A. maurorum using GC-mass analysis. Three solvents with different polarities were used for the extraction of chemical constituents (water, methanol and petroleum ether). The results of GC-MS analysis led to identification of various compounds. In total, thirty-nine compounds from petroleum ether extract, thirty-two compounds in methanolic extract and seventeen compounds in aqueous extract were identified. Majority of the identified compounds have been reported to possess many biological activities. Among them, we reported 10 new anticancer compounds (Vitamin E; Hexadecanoic acid; Stigmast-5-en-3-ol; Phytol,2-hexadecen-1-ol,3,7,11,15-tetramethyl; Squalene; Hexadecanoic acid; 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester; Oxime,methoxy-phenyl,methyl N-hydroxyben-zenecarboximidoate; Ergost-5-en-3-ol; 9,12- Octadecad-ienoic acid and Farnesol) from A. maurorum using three solvent, while the best effective solvent was petroluem ether. Therefore, we report that A. maurorum has great potential to be developed into anticancer drugs.

Antidepressant Effect of a Polyherbal Syrup Based on Iranian Traditional Medicine

Background and objectives: Depression is a common and costly public-health disease. It has been considered in Iranian traditional medicine and many herbal combinations have been used for healing depressive-like disorders. Traditional herbal medicines should be converted into common dosage forms for patient acceptance and easier usage. Methods: In the present research, a poly herbal syrup containing Echium amoenum, Lavandula angustifolia, Melissa officinalis, Cuscuta chinensis, Vitis sp., Prunus domestica and Alhagi camelorum was formulated and its physicochemical characteristics including physical appearance, pH, viscosity, density, dried residue, physical stability and microbiological levels were evaluated. Furthermore, the antidepressant activity was determined by tail suspension test (TST) and also the effect of the formulation on the serum levels of dopamine and adrenaline was assessed in mice. Results: The syrup showed to be stable regarding physical changes and microbiological quality control tests. It significantly reduced the time of immobility in TST (p<0.05) and increased the serum levels of dopamine (p<0.001) more considerable than the positive control group fluoxetine (p<0.01). Compared with the saline control group, the serum level of adrenaline in the syrup low dose (3 mL/kg) and fluoxetine groups increased but in high dose of the syrup (6 mL/kg) significantly decreased (p<0.05). Conclusion: Regarding the modern evidences about the plants used in the poly herbal syrup and physiochemical stability and the considerable results of the in vivo experiments, it could be suggested as a suitable antidepressant agent.

Antiurolithiatic effect of Cymbopogon Proximus, Alhagi Maurorum, on Sulfadimidine induced urolithiasis in male New Zealand rabbits

The present study aimed to investigate the prophylactic effect of Cymbopogon proximus and Alhagi maurorum on Sulfadimidine induced urolithiasis in rabbits . Thirty New Zealand male rabbits were allocated into six equal groups (each of five): Group (1) was used as a negative control. Group(2) were administered sulfadimidine (200mg/kg) by intramuscular injection.Groups(3) and (4) were administered sulfadimidine(200mg/kg) by intramuscular injection and 330mg/kg of Cymbopogon proximus alcoholic and aqueous extracts respectively orally.Groups(5) and (6) were administered sulfadimidine(200mg/kg) by intramuscular injection and 400mg/kg of Alhagi maurorum alcoholic and aqueous extracts respectively orally. The period of experiment was 10 days. Blood and urine samples were collected from rabbits on the 10th day. The results recorded a significant decrease in serum creatinine, urea, uric acid and crystalluria in Cymbopogon proximus and Alhagi maurorum groups compared to sulfadimidine treated group.We conclude that Cymbopogon proximus and Alhagi maurorum have a nephroprotective and antiurolithiatic effects against sulfadimidine induced crystalluria.