Airborne Conidia Research Articles

Cochliobolus chloridis . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Cochliobolus chloridis . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Chloris gayana . DISEASE: Leaf blight of Chloris . By inoculation it is less pathogenic to Sorghum producing only small numbers of punctiform purplish spots (56: 2109). The disease is associated with the anamorph. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, India, Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia.

Setosphaeria prolata . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Setosphaeria prolata . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Cucumis, Eragrostis, Triticum, Zea . DISEASE: Leaf spot associated with the anamorph. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopia, Guatemala, Kenya, Jamaica, USA. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia.

Bipolaris crustacea . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Bipolaris crustacea . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Sporobolus sp. DISEASE: Attacking inflorescences of Sporobolus forming black, crustose fungal masses which completely or partly envelop the inflorescences. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Burma, Indonesia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, South Africa. TRANSMISSION: By infected seeds and air-borne conidia.

Cochliobolus australiensis . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Cochliobolus australiensis . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Chloris, Cymbopogon, Cynodon, Hordeum, Lolium, Oryza, Panicum, Pennisetum, Saccharum, Triticum, Zea , on or isolated from a wide variety of dicotyledons, air, soil and plant debris. DISEASE: Leaf blight of citronella grass (61: 2332), leaf spot of bajra (pearl millet 47: 1862, 48: 1229) and seed-borne (55: 1788). The disease is associated with the anamorph. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Egypt, India, Iraq, Japan, Kenya, Libya, New Zealand, Pakistan, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Zimbabwe. TRANSMISSION: By infected seeds, and air-borne conidia.

Identity and occurrence of Venturiaceous spores in the air at Cambridge

Airborne ascospores and conidia which were thought to resemble the spores of Venturiaceous fungi and ascospores and conidia of reference material are described and illustrated. A comparison of airborne spores and reference material allowed the identification of most of the airborne spores. The importance of considering only fully mature ascospores in reference material is emphasised. Dark transverse bands in the ascospores of Venturia macularis and the upper cells of immature ascospores of V. pyrina are described for the first time, and ascospore dimorphism is noted in V. ditricha. Ascospores of V. ditricha, a parasite of Betula species, ascospores resembling those of V. crataegi, and ascospores of the unidentified ‘Visual type D’ are common in Cambridge air spora, but ascospores of other species, and conidia of all the species are much rarer. The seasons during which spores were present in the air is reported and discussed briefly.

Cercospora capsici . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Cercospora capsici . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Capsicum annuum and C. frutescens . DISEASE: Causing circular, whitish, grey or brown, often brown or reddish brown bordered leaf spots. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Ghana, Malawi, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe), Asia (Bangladesh, India, Malaya, Nepal), East Indies (Brunei, Indonesia, Sarawak), South America (Venezuela), West Indies (Cuba, Jamaica, Trinidad). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia.

Mycovellosiella concors . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Mycovellosiella concors . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Solanum melongena and S. tuberosum . DISEASE: Causing yellowish or brown epiphyllous spots. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius), Asia (India, Pakistan), Europe (Cyprus, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Rournania, Sweden), Middle East (Turkey). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia.

Ascochyta avenae . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Ascochyta avenae . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Avena byzantina (Red or Algerian oat), A. fatua (Spring wild oat), A. sativa (common oat), A. mortoniana, Hordeum vulgare (barley), Loliumperenne (perennial ryegrass) and Triticum (wheat). DISEASE: Leaf spot or blotch of oats. At first lesions start as small purplish or chocolate-brown spots with a distinct margin. With time they enlarge, become elongated, grey brown and finally straw coloured. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australasia & Oceania (New Zealand); Europe (Austria, Czechoslovakia, Germany, UK); North America (Canada, USA, Colorado, Oregon, Washington). TRANSMISSION: No specific studies reported. Presumably spread by air-borne conidia and those carried over in crop residues.

Mycovellosiella vaginae . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Mycovellosiella vaginae . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Saccharum officinale . DISEASE: Associated with reddish-brown leaf sheath lesions. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Ghana, Malawi, South Africa, Togo, Uganda), Asia (Japan, Malaya, Taiwan), West Indies (Cuba), South America (Venezuela). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by air-borne conidia.

Ascochyta desmazieresii . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Ascochyta desmazieresii . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Lolium multiflorum and L. perenne . DISEASE: Glume and leaf spot of Italian and perennial ryegrasses. At first leaf lesions start as small purplish or chocolate-brown spots with a distinct red-purple margin. With time these enlarge, become irregular or elliptical, up to 5 mm long and distinctly visible on both sides of the leaves. Finally the centres of older lesions fade to fawn to straw yellow with numerous pycnidia immersed within the leaf tissue on both sides of the leaves but usually abundant pycnidia occur on the lower side. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (Japan); Europe (Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Irish Republic, UK); N. America (USA, California, Oregon, Washington); S. America (Chile, Brazil). TRANSMISSION: No specific studies reported; infection is presumably spread by air-borne conidia in wet weather or heavy dews. The fungus is also probably carried over on crop residues and debris in soil.

Pseudocercospora abelmoschi . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudocercospora abelmoschi . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On species of Hibiscus , especially H. esculentus . DISEASE: Causes a leaf spot or blight on Hibiscus spp. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda), Asia (Burma, India, Nepal, Pakistan), East Indies (Brunei, Malaya, New Hebrides, Philippines, Sarawak, Taiwan), Middle East (Yemen), Europe (Italy: San Domingo), North America (USA), West Indies (Antigua, Grenada, Jamaica, St. Vincent, Trinidad), South America (Venezuela). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia.

Cladosporium allii-cepae . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Cladosporium allii-cepae [Mycosphaerella allii-cepae] . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On various species of Allium , e.g. A. cepa, A. porrum, A. sibiricum . DISEASE: Causes a leaf-spot of Allium spp. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (Eire, Norway, UK), India. TRANSMISSION: Mechanism not known with certainty. Possibly by air-borne conidia with carry-over on crop debris and/or soil.

Mycovellosiella cajani . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Mycovellosiella cajani . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Cajanus, Callicarpa, Desmodium and Solanum verbascifolium . DISEASE: Causes a minor leaf spot of pigeon pea. The spots are usually small, round with an indefinite margin and are usually pale brown in the centre with a darker border. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: East Africa, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, West Indies, Venezuela, Mauritius, India, Pakistan, Burma and Taiwan. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia and may carry over on crop debris.

Cercospora carthami . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Cercospora carthami . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Carthamus tinctorius (safflower) and other Carthamus spp. DISEASE: Causes a leaf spot of safflower; small sunken brown lesions sometimes with a halo appear on the leaves and on other parts of the plant. Severely infected leaves are misshapen and the diseased tissue disintegrates producing a shot hole effect. Young flower heads may be destroyed. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: India, Philippines, Israel and East Africa. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia. The pathogen may also be seed borne (40, 553) and survives in crop debris (53, 641; 57, 239).

Cercospora sesami . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Cercospora sesami . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Sesamum and Ceratotheca . DISEASE: Causes a leaf and pod spot of sesame. The spots are white, grey or pale brown with a dark border and are often small and numerous. Spots may also occur on the petioles and stems. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia, Africa, West Indies, South and Central America. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia. The fungus is also internally seed-borne (21, 44) and carries over in crop debris (25, 473).

Ascochyta sorghi . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Ascochyta sorghi . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Sorghum bicolor and wild sorghums. DISEASE: Rough leaf spot of sorghum. On leaves symptoms appear as small circular to oblong light coloured spots with well defined reddish margin. Older lesions become broadly elliptic, greyish to yellow brown or purplish red, reaching 4-9 × 8-14 mm. Lesions often merge with one another to form large irregular necrotic areas up to 12.5 × 2.5 cm and the whole leaves may be killed. The variety of host plant mostly determines whether the leaf spots have a distinct red margin or an indistinct margin (Tarr, 1962; Edmunds & Zummo, 1975). Lesions may also occur on leaf sheaths and sometimes on leaf stalks. The disease appears to be severe on young plants whilst older plants have been reported to be resistant to attack (13, 746). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Eritrea, Gambia, Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire); Asia (Burma, India); Europe (Italy); N. America (USA, Alabama, Georgia); USSR. TRANSMISSION: Infection has been claimed to be spread by air-borne conidia in wet weather or heavy dews and also by insects (Singh et al. , 1951; Tarr, 1962; Edmunds & Zummo, 1975). The fungus has been reported to be carried over on crop residues of sorghum and debris in the soil (Singh et al. , 1951; Edmunds & Zummo, 1975).

Didymella exitialis . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Didymella exitialis . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Hordeum vulgare and Triticum aestivum . Also isolated from air over barley fields in England. DISEASE: Leaf scorch of barley and wheat. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Ethiopia); Asia (? India, Turkey); Europe (Britain, Switzerland). TRANSMISSION: Little investigation has been carried out on seasonal persistence and spread of the disease; spread of infection is presumably by air-borne conidia and ascospores in wet weather (49, 996; Frankland & Gregory, 1973).

Cryptostroma corticale . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Cryptostroma corticale . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Acer campestris, A. platanoides, A. pseudoplatanus, A. saccharum and other species; Tilia spp., Carya alba and on dead wood, sawn timber and pulp of sycamore. DISEASE: Sooty bark disease of sycamore. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (UK, France, Germany, Italy); North America (USA, Canada) (CMI Map 272, ed. 2, 1971). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia.

Greeneria uvicola . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Greeneria uvicola . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Muscadine grapes ( Vitis rotundifolia ) are most susceptible; other grapes ( Vitis vinifera, V. bourquina, V. labrusea, V. munsoniana ) appreciably susceptible. Also recorded on apple (37, 241). Shown to be capable of invasion of fruits of apple, cherry, peach, strawberry, blueberry and banana (Ridings & Clayton, 1970). DISEASE: Bitter rot, ripe rot of grape, necrotic fleck of grapevine. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (Greece); Asia (India, Hong Kong); North America (USA); Central America (Costa Rica); South America (Brazil); Africa (South Africa); Australia (Queensland). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia. No information has been traced on the role of infected debris in spread and perennation of this fungus but the pathogen can carry over on infected first few internodes of the vine (5, 471).

Cochliobolus lunatus . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Cochliobolus lunatus . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Recorded from a very wide range of angiosperms. DISEASE: Curvularia leaf spot, Curvularia seedling blight. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread, especially in the tropics. TRANSMISSION: By infected seeds and air-borne conidia and ascospores. The fungus can survive in the soil in sclerotial form (47, 431).