Age Of Household Head Research Articles

Challenges of and Opportunities for Market Access by Pineapple Agripreneurs in Rangwe Sub County, Homa Bay County, Kenya

Pineapple farming is among the fastest-growing agricultural sub-sectors in Homa Bay County, Kenya specifically Rangwe sub-county. However, limited attention has been given to the market access of this produce. Evidenced by vast quantities of pineapples harvested from the farms and stacked along main highways without targeting a specific market. This result to a small portion being sold and the rest deteriorating, consequently reducing returns for pineapple agripreneurs. Therefore, this paper sought to determine those factors that influences access to formal market by pineapple agripreneurs and as well as find out challenges of and opportunities for accessing formal markets by the Rangwe pineapple agripreneurs. The survey was undertaken in Rangwe Sub-county, and multisampling method was used to select a sample of 183 pineapple agripreneurs from the study area, primary data was collected using a semi-structured survey tool. Data was analyzed by descriptive analysis and Logistic regression model. Results indicated that pineapple agripreneurs were faced with numerous challenges in accessing pineapple market, also there existed several market access opportunities for pineapple agripreneurs. The results of logistic regression analysis revealed extension contacts, education level and price of pineapple as factors that were positively and statistically significant in influencing access to formal markets. While those that were statistically and negatively influencing access to formal market comprised of; age of household head, household size, and type of road. The study recommends; improvement of road infrastructure in pineapple producing areas so as to improve on their market access; development of policies that encourages capacity building of pineapple agripreneurs in Rangwe sub-county

Spatial distribution of traditional male circumcision and associated factors in Ethiopia; using multilevel generalized linear mixed effects model

BackgroundTraditional male circumcision (TMC) is primarily associated with a religious or cultural purpose and may lead to complications. To reduce risks of complication and long-term disabilities that may happen from circumcisions that are undertaken in non-clinical settings, information concerning TMC is very important. Therefore, this study is aimed at identifying spatial distribution of TMC and the factors associated with TMC in Ethiopia.MethodsA secondary data analysis was conducted among 11,209 circumcised males using data from 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). Global Moran’s I statistic was observed to check whether there was a significant clustering of TMC. Primary and secondary clusters of TMC were identified by fitting Bernoulli model in Kulldorff’s SaTScan software. Multilevel Generalized Linear Mixed effects Model (GLMM) was fitted to identify factors associated with TMC.ResultThe spatial distribution of TMC was nonrandom across the country with Global Moran’s I = 0.27 (p-value < 0.0001). The primary clusters of TMC were identified in the southern part of Oromia and Tigray, northern part of SNNPR, Amhara, Gambella and Benishangul regions. Current age, age at circumcision, ethnicity, religion, place of residence, wealth index, media exposure, sex of household head and age of household head were factors associated with TMC in Ethiopia.ConclusionsThe spatial distribution of TMC was varied across the country. This variation might be due to the diversity of culture, ethnicity and religion across the regions. Thus, there is a need to rearrange the regulations on standards of TMC practice, conduct training to familiarize operation technique and general hygiene procedures, and launch cross-referral systems between traditional circumcisers and health workers. While undertaking these public health interventions, due attention should be given to the identified clusters and significant factors.

Unlocking the commercialization potentials of Moringa oleifera production in Southwestern Nigeria

Despite the importance of Moringa oleifera tree for food security at the smallholder farmers’ level, there is no consolidated socioeconomic information about the crop such as its contribution to household food security and income, and its production potential, commercialization and constraints. This study estimated the commercialization level and factors influencing the level of commercialization among the moringa farmers. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. A double-hurdle model with quasi-maximum likelihood fractional response model was employed to analyze the participation and level of participation in commercialization among smallholder moringa farmers in Southwestern Nigeria. The commercialization level was captured by the household commercialization index (HCI) which was calculated as the ratio of the value of marketed moringa output to the value of moringa produced. The result revealed that half of the moringa farmers are still operating at the subsistence level with a large number of them at the low-medium level while the rest are high-level market participants. The participation in commercialization of moringa was influenced by age and square of household head age, marital status, level of education, farming experience in moringa farming, and access to market information. In the same vein, age and age square of household head, level of education, access to credit and extension services were factors influencing the level of commercialization. Thus, the study concluded that access to affordable credit, adequate access to extension services and prompt market information for small-scale farmers would not only improve their production capacity but also serve as a driver for market participation. The study recommends that for the enormous potential of the moringa tree species and its various products to be harnessed, stakeholders, NGOs, and policymakers should, through adequate extension services, widely promote and scale up the domestication of the miracle tree.

Clean water, sanitation and under-five children diarrhea incidence: Empirical evidence from the South Africa's General Household Survey.

Sufficient supply of potable water, hygiene facilities, and sanitation are major factors enhancing healthy living. Using the dataset from the 2018 South Africa General Household Survey, this study employed the logistic regression model to examine the effects of accessibility to potable water and sanitation on the incidence of diarrhea among under-five children. The findings from the research reveal that the majority of children have access to safe drinking water, although a substantial percentage (32%) of the households had to pay for access. The results of the logistic regression model show that households with access to clean water, to improved toilet facilities, and to water within their residence are less likely to record incidence of diarrhea among under-five children. Moreso, the likelihood of reporting diarrhea among the children decreases with the age of children and the age of household heads. Therefore, to contribute to the designing policies targeted at reducing the incidence of diarrhea among children, this study emphasized that the availability and accessibility of clean water, water-storage facilities, and improved fecal discharge facilities among the South African households are key.

Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis of Livelihood Diversification Strategies of Rural Farm Households: A Case of Limmu District, East Wollega Zone of Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia

This study investigated the factors that influence the choice of livelihood strategies in rural areas of households in Limmu District, eastern Wollega zone of Oromiya regional state, Ethiopia. 292 households’ were selected using multi stages random and purposive sampling technique. A Multinomial logit regression model was applied to identify the determinants of agricultural diversification strategies in the area. Out of the total sample household heads about 46% of the total household income was derived from on farm only, 30% from a combination of on farm and nonfarm, about 12.33% from a combination of on farm, non-farm and off-farm and 12% from a combination of on farm and off-farm activities. The multinomial logit regression analysis revealed that education level, access to credit, access to mass media, dependency ratio, access to irrigation, urban linkage, climate change, extension contact and distance to the nearest road were theoretically consistent and statistically significant effect to the likelihood choice of diversification strategies. Whereas, age of household head, sex, distance to the market, cooperative membership, crop risk and distance from market were insignificant predictor of diversification strategy at 5% significance level. The findings of the study suggest that efforts should focus on the promotion of options, substitution between assets and activities to diversify household specific agriculture-linkage with non-farm and off farm diversification rather than focusing on the single agricultural productive farm by taking action to improve information, mobility and asset accumulation. Keywords: Multinomial Logit, Limmu, Livelihood diversification, on farm, off-farm, non-farm DOI: 10.7176/JESD/12-13-03 Publication date: July 31 st 2021

Determinants of Domestic Violence in Pakistan: A Qualitative and Econometric Analysis

Domestic violence exists in every country, irrespective of the culture, ethnicity, age, income, and education of the women. World Health Organization has estimated that approximately 35% of women worldwide had experienced sexual or physical violence. The present study has attempted to analyze the role of different socioeconomic indicators on the prevalence of domestic violence. In this regard, data of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017–2018 has been used and logit models have been estimated. It has been found that women married below the age of 18; living in rural areas; have more children; whose mothers experienced violence; feared their husbands; with little or no autonomy in decision-making; had a bank account; married outside of the family; and had not inherited any land or property were significantly more vulnerable victims of domestic violence. It has been found that women's education, education of her husband, and exposure to media by creating awareness may protect women from domestic violence. Furthermore, working women are more likely to face domestic violence, but women who have started working before marriage are significantly less vulnerable victims of domestic violence. However, the age of women herself, the age of husband, age of household head and wealth of household, living in the nucleus or joint family, receiving any support from Benazir Income Support Program (BISP) have no significant role in determining the domestic violence in Pakistan.

The Role of Internal and External Migration on Rural Poverty Alleviation In Pakistan: A Case Study of Multan District

Migration has become an important part of the current global economy. People migrate from their homes for different purposes although this study endeavors to estimate the role of internal and external migration on poverty alleviation in rural areas of the Multan district. Binary logistic regression is applied to the data of 170 rural households. Poverty has been measured by the headcount index, poverty gap, and squared poverty gap, estimates show the high incidence of poverty in rural areas of Multan district. The findings reveal that rural to urban migration, foreign remittances, educational attainment of the household head, household head age and livestock population turn out to be discouraging aspects of poverty while physical disability and household size turn out to be encouraging aspects of poverty. To eradicate poverty easiness in internal and external migration should be ensured by the government.

Determinants’ of Farmers´ Perception of Climate Variability and Change and Its Effect on Non-Farm Income Diversification

Climate variability and change is now a global phenomenon with growth, poverty, food security, and stability implications. The farmers’ Knowledge and awareness about climatic variability and change are important for income diversification planning. The main objective of this study was to assess the determinants of farmers’ perception of climate variability and change and its effect on income diversification. A multi-stage sampling procedure used to select the sample respondents and the total sample size of the study was 253 households. Descriptive statistics, logit, and probit regression model were used as data analysis techniques. The descriptive statistics analysis results indicated that about 58.10% of farmers believe that temperature in the district had become warmer and also over 70% of respondents were recognized that rainfall volume, pattern, and distribution has changed and 56% of respondents believed heat intensity is increasing. The logit analyses proved that training participation of the household head, gender, age of household head, level of formal education, local institutional fairness, distance to the nearest market, accesses to extension services, local agroecology and existence of legal obstacle from government were found to have significant influence on the probability of farmers to perceive climate variability change. And the probit analyses identified that perception of farmers on climate variability and change was found to have a positive significant influence on the probability of diversifying their income. It is recommended that local institutions should work with accountably and responsibly and the government should review and improve his rules and regulations which are not comfortable for farmers’ livelihood activity. Keywords: Climate Change and Variability, farmersˈ perception non-farm income diversification DOI: 10.7176/JESD/12-11-04 Publication date: June 30 th 2021

The Impact of Microfinance Institutions on the Livelihood of Rural Households: The Case of Oromia Credit and Saving Share Company in North Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

The study investigates the impact of participation in microfinance institutions on the livelihood of rural households. The study was conducted in Oromia credit and saving share company in North Shewa Zone of Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. The study includes 392 sample respondents from different Woredas. The required data was gathered using questionnaires and interviews. The logit model was used to estimate the determinants of participation in the Oromia credit and saving Share Company. The logistic regression result shows that the age of household head, family size, land size, distance, market access, perception of mandatory deposit, and evaluation of first-round loan size are significant factors that affect participation in OCSSCO. The PSM model was used to investigate the impact of participation in OCSSCO on livelihood variables. According to the ATT result, OCSSCO participants had higher average monthly income, average monthly savings, total commodity asset value, total crop production value, average monthly food expenditure, average monthly education expenditure, and average monthly health expenditure than non-treated households. Thus, rural households should participate in OCSSCO to solve their financial problem. The concerned body should work more for the expansion of OCSSCO.

Understanding forest users' participation in participatory forest management (PFM): Insights from Mt. Elgon forest ecosystem, Kenya

Participation of local communities in forest management decision-making has been promoted as a mechanism of improving livelihoods and forest conditions, yet the level of participation in many programs remains low. Using data from a cross-sectional survey of 924 forest-dependent households in Western Kenya, we examine the factors that support or constrain forest dependent people's participation in a Participatory Forest Management (PFM) program. We run a probit model to assess households' choice to join PFM and then compute a Participation Index (PI) for forest users' participation across different stages of the PFM program – planning, implementation and Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E). The determinants of participation are then analyzed using the fractional regression approach. Results show that over half (52%) of the respondents participated in PFM. While vulnerability to shocks, being in a farmers' group, a household's access to the forest within the previous 12 months and access to extension were associated with the likelihood of participating in PFM, the influence of the household head's age and education, access to credit and food insecurity had a negative influence. Our results reveal PIs of 41%, 49%, and 42% at the planning, implementation, and M&E stages respectively, indicating a moderate participation level. The fractional regression model shows that transaction costs associated with access to markets, gender (being male), household expenditure and expected forest benefits positively influence household participation in PFM, while the opportunity costs associated with off-farm income, distance to the forest and lack of extension have a negative influence on participation. These results point to the need to take the household context (gender, education, household expenditure and vulnerability) into consideration during planning and implementation of the forestry programs. The implication is that forest authorities should identify and implement mechanisms to enhance benefits from forests but also reduce costs of participation, especially for women.

Factors associated with the use of insecticide-treated nets: analysis of the 2018 Burkina Faso Malaria Indicator Survey

BackgroundSleeping under an ITN reduces contact with mosquitoes through the combination of a physical barrier and an insecticidal effect, which reduces the incidence of malaria. The 2016–2020 Burkina Faso National Malaria Strategic Plan aims to have at least 90% of the population, 100% of children under age 5, and 100% of pregnant women sleep under an ITN.MethodsThe analysis examines individual, household, and community-level factors associated with ITN usage. According to the 2017–18 Burkina Faso MIS, 58% of individuals in households that own at least one ITN reported that they slept under an ITN on the night before the survey.ResultsThe use of ITNs was significantly associated with individual, household, and community-level variables that included age, gender, age of household head, number of sleeping rooms, wealth, malaria prevalence, residence, and region.ConclusionsThe results highlight areas of intervention at the individual, household, and community levels that can increase ITN use.

Drivers of Rural Income Diversification in Developing Countries: Case Study of Burundi

The significance of rural income generation is obvious for rural well-being enhancement and rural development in particular and widely national development. The research carried on income pattern analysis enabling to detect the ways to achieve the rural income generation enhancement and so far, the rural development and rural well-being improvement. The discussions about income diversification aim have mainly been divided on one hand in income maximization household objective by increasing output, on the other hand, risk and seasonality of income management. Nevertheless, in all cases, income diversification has been seen as an income increasing factor of income, poverty reduction, and well-being enhancement. The study findings shows that The income level is quite different by sources of income of household, a high income level is achieved in beekeeping at level of 5134.04 thousand BIF, but only 5% of households are involved in beekeeping, whereas the lowest income average is realized in livestock selling, 12.88 thousand BIF and 83% of households benefit from the income of livestock selling. The income from agriculture is also low, it is 112.1 thousand BIF and 100% of the 2,560 households surveyed are involved in agricultural income generation. It is also shown that there is a high share of agricultural income in the total rural income, 67% of rural income is from agriculture. The income diversification level was calculated by using the Berry index. The average Berry index of 0.06 shows a low-income diversification level in the rural households of Burundi. The analysis of income diversification by considering the household income diversification index has proven a higher income for household that their income sources are diversified. The household average income for the household with sources of income diversified is 2.7 times higher than those with one source. The analysis of determinants of income diversification participation realized using probit model has shown that household income, agricultural household landholding, the age of household head, belonging to agricultural producers’ organization, reading skills at least of the national language, and access to market positively induce the income diversification participation, while female household headed status and the non-governmental organizations interventions negatively impact the income diversification participation. The intensity of income diversification analysis done by Tobit model shows that income diversification intensity is positively influenced by household income level, producers’ organization participation, access to market, age of household head and negatively affected by the female household headed status, and non-governmental organizations interventions. Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations and policy implications are possible to improve the rural well-being and poverty reduction by increasing rural income through income diversification facilitation. The research findings showed that rural income diversification is positively related to market access. The policy aiming at rural income enhancement by increasing rural income source diversification might take into consideration the increasing availability of the market and linkages of rural households to the market by any means. The increase in the market orientation of the rural household might be achieved by increasing the availability of the market information system. Policy making might focus on increasing factors that increase the market orientation decisions of rural household by the increase of the rural market place, making market information available and enhancing the transport means of rural products. The policy targeting rural income enhancement and sources of diversification should be achieved by reducing the vulnerability of young farmers and households headed by females by supporting rural young farmers and female farmers. The increasing economic empowerment of young farmers and female headed households should be promoted. The policy makers should also focus on increasing education skills at least the reading skills of the national language of rural farmers since reading skills have been proven to have a positive influence on rural income source diversification. The adult literacy programs might continue and try to reach the majority of rural uneducated farmers.

Determinants of Food Insecurity in Rural Areas in Mali

The objective of this study is to identify the determinants of households’ food insecurity in rural areas in Mali, ranked among the most exposed to this phenomenon. The study used data from the national food security and nutritional survey in March 2016. The estimation of the econometric logit model by the maximum likelihood method revealed that regional location, age of household head, household size, level of education of the household head, welfare index and incomes’ diversification sources are the main determinants of households’ food insecurity in a rural area in Mali. The analysis shows that age of household head, size of household and practical of recession cropping affect positively food insecurity while the educational level of household head, welfare index and incomes ’diversification sources affect negatively food insecurity. These determinants are pillars on which policy maker might rely to reduce food insecurity. Therefore, it is desirable for government to orientate more the food insecurity fight programs towards the most affected regions, to prioritize households head with advanced age and those whose size is high, and promote recession cropping during the food insecurity fight plan, improve household education level, promote the household’s welfare and sensitize the households to diversify the sources of their income.

The Effect of Agricultural Commercialization on Household Food Security among Smallholder Farmers in Zhombe North Rural District of Zimbabwe

Background: Achievement of food security has become one of the major challenges of most developing countries, including Zimbabwe. This study was designed to investigate the effect of agricultural commercialization on household food security. Methods: This study used cross-sectional data for the 2017/18 farming season collected from 165 smallholder farmer households in Zhombe north rural district in Zimbabwe. Instrumental variable regression model was applied for data analysis over the effect of agricultural commercialization. Agricultural commercialization was measured using the crop output market participation share (COMPS). Results: The results revealed that COMPS, household head age, household head gender, and income per capita had a significant positive influence on household food security. Conclusions: The results indicate that agricultural commercialization and socio-economic characteristics have a role to play in defining the household’s food security. Therefore, the findings recommend policies that would promote agricultural commercialization, which improve household food security in turn. The study recommends policymakers to promote agricultural commercialization, since it positively contributed towards household food security. In addition, young-headed, female-headed, and low-income earning households that were identified as the food insecure households.

Farm households' perceptions and adaptation strategies to climate change risks and their determinants: Evidence from Raya Azebo district, Ethiopia

Ethiopia's agriculture is facing significant challenges of climate change and associated hazards. Farm-level adaptation could serve as an important tool to manage these production risks. This study took the case of a vulnerable farming community of Raya Azebo district of Tigray region of Ethiopia to map household level perceptions of climate change and its induced risks, adaptation strategies, and associated factors. A multi-stage sampling approach is used to select a sample of 397 farm households from the study area and analyzed using descriptive and interferential statistics. Results show that farm households perceived significant changes in the climate, such as an increase in temperature (overall), a decline in precipitation (overall), and altering patterns of rainfall. Further, farmers' reported risks include droughts, floods, and increased pests and disease attacks on the crops. Farmers, in response to climate variability, were adopting various adaptation measures to manage climate risks at the farm-level. Crop diversification (99%), mulching (88%), soil and water management practices (78%), and use of alternative tillage practices (74%) were reported to be the most, while the use of improved seed (27%), planting trees (26%), mixed farming (12%), and home farm practice (3%) were reported to be the least adopted adaptation strategies. Results of the binary logit model showed that household head's age, literacy level, utilization of credit service, utilization of extension services, and access to farm water were the significant determinants of important adaptation strategies. This study implies improving rural households' access to various institutions-led services (i.e., climate information, advisory, and credit) to improve their adaptation and livelihood resilience.

Bayesian regression model with application to a study of food insecurity in household level: a cross sectional study

BackgroundFood insecurity is a situation in which access to sufficient food is limited at times during the year by a lack of money and other resources. Even though several efforts were made to recover food security, still it is a critical social problem that needs immediate attention from policy and other decision makers especially in Ethiopia. The objective of the paper was to identify the significant predictors of food insecurity at household level in the given District.MethodA cross-sectional survey study was employed among 305 households selected using systematic random sampling technique. The data was collected using structured interviewer administrative questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used to assess the prevalence of food insecurity status, and Bayesian estimation on binary logistic regression was used to identify the significant predictors of household food insecurity. Gibbs sampler algorithm was employed on Win BUGS software. Convergence of algorithm was assessed by using time series plot, density plot and auto correlation plot.ResultThe prevalence of household food insecurity was 59% in the study District. From Bayesian estimation, the significant predictors of food insecurity were sex of household head, agro-ecological zone, loan status, access to agricultural training, age of household head, marital status of household head, family size, agricultural land size, tropical livestock unit, and soil fertility of agricultural land.ConclusionThe result shows that the households headed by male; who had own land, who land fertile soil, and those who took agricultural training were less likely to be food insecure. On the other hand, households with large family size, small farm land size and less tropical livestock unit were more likely to be food insecure. Hence, to increase food production and productivity of the farmers, proper attention should be given to improve soil fertility of agricultural land. Creating access to credit to households and providing them with agricultural training and family planning should be also emphasized.

FAKTOR PENENTU PARTISIPASI SEKOLAH ANAK PADA RUMAH TANGGA SEKTOR PERTANIAN DI INDONESIA

The opportunity of demographic dividend is the biggest motivation in improving the quality of the population. As one of the components of the population quality, education is also a long-term investment. Economic activities in Indonesia depends on the agricultural sector. This study aims to determine the determinants of children's school participation in agricultural households. Using the 2018 National Social and Economic Survey data, the results of binary logistic regression analysis show that economic activity has the most significant contribution to determine children's school participation in agricultural households. Children in agricultural households who are not involved in economic activities tend to attend school. Other important factors in determining children's school participation in agricultural households are government assistance, the age of household heads (KRT), education of KRT, employment status of KRT, number of household members, residence area, and socio-economic status. Increasing the determinants of school participation is expected to help the population adapt to the technology-based modern agricultural sector and achieve prosperity in agricultural households.

Technical Inefficiency Determinants in Potato Production: The case of Potato Farmers in Central Highlands of Ethiopia

The study identified the factors that cause variation in the level of efficiency in potato production. The study used household level cross sectional data collected in 2015/16 from 196 sample farmers selected by multistage sampling technique. For the data collection, a personally administered structured questionnaire was used. In the analyses, descriptive statistics, a stochastic frontier model (SFM) and a two-limit Tobit regression model were employed. Tobit model revealed that technical efficiency was positively and significantly affected by education, land tenure status, extension service, credit and soil fertility whereas variables such as sex of household head, age of household head, farm size and land fragmentation affected it negatively. Therefore the study suggested the need for policies to discourage land fragmentation and promote education, extension visits, access to credit and soil fertility for improvement in technical efficiency.

How do agro-pastoralists cope with climate change? The case of the Nyangatom in the Lower Omo Valley of Ethiopia

This study has examined traditional coping systems, emerging adaptation strategies and barriers to the adoption of these strategies. Structured questionnaires on coping and adaptation strategies were conducted among Nyangatom households, expounded by focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Correlations between times series (1987–2016) on rainfall, temperature and the local perceptions on CC were examined. The time series analysis confirmed pastoralists' perception that the frequency of extreme drought has increased since 1987. The Nyangatom responded by temporal migration and herd diversification. Other responses include flood cultivation and enhancing alliance formation with other ethnic groups. Multi-nominal logistic regression analyses indicated that age of household head (−), livestock ownership (+), crop productivity (+), off-farm income (+) and access to climate information (+) proved to be key determinants with a statistically significant (negative or positive) effect on adoption. Other factors that hindered climate change adaption include intermittent conflicts with neighbouring ethnic groups and limited access to alternative livelihood options. Interventions to facilitate transition towards sustainable, adaptation-based communities need to incorporate deliberate, longer-term, risk-reducing strategies, including rangeland management, water harvesting and small scale-irrigation schemes. Improved education access, extension services, and a conducive pastoral policy environment will help to enhance the Nyangatom adaptive capacity.

Does smallholder farmers\u2019 awareness of Sustainable Development Goal 2 improve household food security in the Northern Region of Ghana?

BackgroundSustainable Development Goal 2 aims at ending hunger, achieving food security, improving nutrition and promoting sustainable agriculture. Whilst some smallholder farmers are aware of this goal, others are not. The question that arises is whether or not awareness translates into food security. Therefore, this study assessed whether or not smallholder farmers’ awareness of Sustainable Development Goal 2 improves household food security in the Northern Region of Ghana.MethodsThe study used cross-sectional primary data collected from two districts and two municipalities in the region. An endogenous switching regression treatment effects model with ordered outcome was used to estimate the effects of smallholder farmers’ awareness of Sustainable Development Goal 2 on household food insecurity level.ResultsThe age of household head, distance of households to the regional capital, membership of farmer-based organizations, access to e-extension, education, and ownership of radio are the key drivers of farmers’ awareness of Sustainable Development Goal 2. The results from the endogenous switching regression treatment effects model with ordered outcome showed that households who are aware of the second goal are more food secure than their counterparts.ConclusionsIt is therefore prudent for stakeholders promoting and championing Sustainable Development Goals to educate farmers on goal 2 as their awareness of the goal is critical to achieving food security.