Administrative Functions Research Articles

Государственное управление в современной России: понятие, принципы функционирования, значение

The article reveals the concept and essence of public administration. The author gives certain definitions of public administration, its classification from several researchers, and the basic principles of the functioning of public administration are considered. In the process of research the author analyzes the functions and the part which public administration plays in modern Russia. Generally, the normative legal foundation of public administration in Russian practice is considered.

Establishment of Diplomatic Relations Between Czechoslovakia and the Holy See After the Creation of Czechoslovakia in the Fall of 1918

The present study deals with the establishment and development of diplomatic relations between Czechoslovakia and the Holy See immediately after the creation of Czechoslovakia in the fall of 1918 which underwent a dramatic and turbulent change. The most acute questions to discuss included the filling of Czech and Slovak bishopric thrones, the Church administration in Slovakia and the matters of Church education while the filling of the bishopric thrones in the Czech lands and Slovakia proved to be of crucial importance for the proper functioning of the Church administration in Czechoslovakia. The study is based on source material, mainly of diplomatic nature, from the Archive of the Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Prague and the Vatican archives, the study reconstructs the character, form and transformation of diplomatic relations between the young Republic and the headquarters of the Catholic Church in Rome at the turn of the 1910s and 1920s. Extensive archival funds have been confronted with numerous literature sources, including contemporary history texts.

The Prevalence and Distribution of Osteopathic Chief Residents in Emergency Medicine.

Background The chief resident position fulfills important administrative and educational functions for emergency medicine (EM) residency programs and has been associated with advanced academic and career opportunities. This study seeks to determine the prevalence and distribution of Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) and allopathic Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degrees among chief residents within EM residencies. Methodology EM residency program websites, affiliated social media accounts on X (formerly Twitter) and Instagram, and program coordinator surveys were used to collect data, including the number of current residents, chief residents, and the listed medical degrees for residents and program directors during the 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 academic years. A Pearson's chi-square test was used to compare the number of residents, chief residents, and program directors by medical degree. Results A total of 188/229 (82.1%) and 201/229 (87.8%) eligible EM residencies identified their current chief residents and the medical degrees of their residents for the academic year 2021-2022 and 2022-2023, respectively. Of 14,487 EM residents included during the study period, 3,676 (25.4%) were D.O.s, and of the 1,230 chief residents identified, 362 (29.4%) were D.O.s. Conclusions The proportion of D.O. chief residents was higher than the proportion of D.O. residents within EM residencies. However, osteopathic residents were asymmetrically distributed across programs and were most likely to serve as chief residents at programs with a higher proportion of D.O. trainees and at programs with osteopathic program directors.

Navigating the Future: The Transformative Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Hospital Management- A Comprehensive Review.

This comprehensive review explores the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on hospital management, delving into its applications, challenges, and future trends. Integrating AI in administrative functions, clinical operations, and patient engagement holds significant promise for enhancing efficiency, optimizing resource allocation, and revolutionizing patient care. However, this evolution is accompanied by ethical, legal, and operational considerations that necessitate careful navigation. The review underscores key findings, emphasizing the implications for the future of hospital management. It calls for a proactive approach, urging stakeholders to invest in education, prioritize ethical guidelines, foster collaboration, advocate for thoughtful regulation, and embrace a culture of innovation. The healthcare industry can successfully navigate this transformative era through collective action, ensuring that AI contributes to more effective, accessible, and patient-centered healthcare delivery.

ANALISIS FUNGSI KEPEMIMPINAN DALAM ERA ORGANISASI MODERN

This research has the main objective of conducting an in-depth analysis of the role and function of leadership in the context of educational institutions, with a focus on improving performance and effectiveness. Through an analytical approach, this research aims to provide a deeper understanding of how leadership influences the dynamics of educational institutions and creates an optimal learning environment. This research identifies leadership practices that are effective in improving the overall quality of teaching, learning, and school management. In addition, this research analyzes the impact of leadership on staff well-being, teacher motivation, and student learning outcomes.The bibliographic method was adopted as the primary approach to collecting and analyzing data, allowing the researcher to detail key concepts and explore recent developments in the educational leadership literature.The research results show that leadership in the context of modern educational institutions is not only related to administrative functions, but also requires adaptation to environmental changes. Leadership functions involving strategic aspects, human resource development, and creating an inclusive organizational culture are the keys to achieving success in educational institutions. The leadership concepts introduced reflect diverse approaches to leading in educational institutions, able to adapt to the unique demands of complexity and dynamics in the world of modern education. Overall, this research contributes to the educational leadership literature and provides insights that educational institution leaders can use to improve and strengthen their role in achieving desired educational goals

EFFECT OF FAMILY INCOME LEVELS ON LEARNING OF PRIMARY SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN IN KAPEDO WARD IN TURKANA COUNTY- KENYA

Access to basic education in conflict-prone communities is a significant challenge in Kenya. Empirical reviews had suggested that, during intercommunal conflicts, various factors influencing access to basic education were compromised. However, these influences manifest differently in distinct situations and locations. There has been limited research on how access to basic education was affected following intercommunal conflicts in Kapedo, Turkana County. The study aimed to examine the effect of family income levels on learning of primary school going children in Kapedo ward in Turkana County- Kenya. The study drew on three theories: Relative Deprivation theory, System Resource Theory, and Hierarchy of Needs Theory. It employed a descriptive survey research design, covering the entire population with two Ministry of Education officials, four headteachers, and twenty-four teachers as respondents. Data collection used a semi-structured questionnaire and an interview schedule, ensuring voluntary participation, confidentiality, and clarity of the studys purpose. The analysis combined descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, and averages) and inferential statistics (regression analysis) and presented results through charts and tables, with qualitative data analyzed thematically. The study revealed that family income affected education, with conflict-induced economic instability leading to resource allocation challenges and school attendance issues, especially for girls. The study recommends that the Ministry of Education and Local Authorities maintain the provision of essential learning resources, emphasizing administrative functionality, classroom safety, and resource access to enhance learning outcomes. Non-Governmental Organizations and Donors should support programs to address economic challenges during conflicts, offering financial assistance, livelihood opportunities, and scholarships for childrens education. KEY WORDS: Family Income Levels, Learning, Access to Basic Education, Primary School Going Children, Intercommunal Conflicts

A Multifunctional, Low Cost and Sustainable Neonatal Database System.

Continuous improvement in the clinical performance of neonatal intensive care units (NICU) depends on the use of locally relevant, reliable data. However, neonatal databases with these characteristics are typically unavailable in NICUs using paper-based records, while in those using electronic records, the inaccuracy of data and the inability to customize commercial data systems limit their usability for quality improvement or research purposes. We describe the characteristics and uses of a simple, neonatologist-centered data system that has been successfully maintained for 30 years, with minimal resources and serving multiple purposes, including quality improvement, administrative, research support and educational functions. Structurally, our system comprises customized paper and electronic components, while key functional aspects include the attending-based recording of diagnoses, integration into clinical workflows, multilevel data accuracy and validation checks, and periodic reporting on both data quality and NICU performance results. We provide examples of data validation methods and trends observed over three decades, and discuss essential elements for the successful implementation of this system. This database is reliable and easily maintained; it can be developed from simple paper-based forms or used to supplement the functionality and end-user customizability of existing electronic medical records. This system should be readily adaptable to NICUs in either high- or limited-resource environments.

Decoding Organizational Dynamics: Navigating the Ambiguity Between Flexibility and Agility in Digital Entrepreneurship through a Systematic Literature Review

Flexibility and agility are two organizational behavior traits that help businesses gain a competitive edge, deal with changing expectations, and satisfy current market demands. Academically, however, there still needs to be greater distinction and understanding between these two notions among scholars and practitioners. Because of the ambiguous borders in the definitions of flexibility and agility, uncertainty developed into a theoretical interest. This essay tries to offer the notion of Flexibility based on publishing patterns in digital entrepreneurship studies considering the limitations. Introduce the idea of agility based on current research trends in digital entrepreneurship. Present a study of agility and flexibility based on digital characteristics. This article chooses articles and presents them based on the main issue using the Systematic Literature Review technique. Based on the outcomes of conversations with other writers, the author provides 85 pertinent pieces and 44 that are thoroughly addressed. According to the year, the nation, and the consequences of digital elements, the author proposes the idea of order flexibility and adaptability. Other dominant ideas from the primary theme are discovered in this article, like the idea of sector-based discussion and the inclusion of administrative functions.

Tetfund Interventions On Administrative Functions and Academic Staff Development in The Management of Federal Universities in South East, Nigeria

This study investigated TETFund interventions on administrative functions and academic staff development in the management of Federal Universities in South East, Nigeria. Two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. This study adopted a descriptive survey design. The population of this study comprised all the 231 staff from the five (5) federal universities in South East, Nigeria. This consisted of 16 staff in TETFund offices and 215 Heads of Departments in the five federal universities in South East, Nigeria. The entire population comprising 231 TETFund staff and Heads of Departments in the five federal universities in South East, Nigeria were used as the study sample purposively in this research. The instrument used in this study was questionnaire titled “TETFund Interventions on Administrative Functions and Academic Staff Development in the Management of Federal Universities’ Questionnaire (TIAFASDMFUQ). The instrument was validated and the reliability of the instrument was established using Cronbach alpha to determine the internal consistency yielded an overall reliability index of 0.81. In analyzing the data, mean scores and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions. The t-test was used to test the hypotheses at a 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that, TETFund intervention had significant impact on the administrative functions for the management of federal universities in South East, Nigeria. TETFund intervention had significant impact on academic staff development for proper management of federal universities in South East, Nigeria. TETFund intervention had significant impact on research developments for the management of federal universities in South East, Nigeria. Based on the findings, the researcher recommended among others that, Government through TETFund intervention should ensure that funds released for smooth running of administrative functions in federal universities in South East, Nigeria. TETFund should intervene in providing grants for academic staff development for conference participation (International and National), and publications in federal universities in South East, Nigeria.

Hubungan Etika Birokrat dengan Pelayanan Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor di Kantor Samsat Palembang

Law Number 25 of 2009 concerning Public Services is defined as an activity or series of activities in an effort to meet service needs in accordance with laws and regulations for every citizen for goods and services, as well as administrative services provided by public service providers. a government effort to meet the needs of society. The smooth functioning of the general administration and national development is greatly influenced by the perfection of the bureaucrats. To guarantee the achievement of national development goals, bureaucrats who practice ethics, have a good attitude, are neutral, are able to maintain national unity, are professional and responsible in carrying out their duties, ethics in public service are needed as a form of responsiveness from bureaucrats to the interests of society. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between bureaucrat ethics and motor vehicle tax services at the Palembang Samsat Office. The research model used is quantitative research with data collection methods using questionnaires and documentation which is carried out systematically based on the research objectives. The sample in this study was 10% of the total population, namely 137 of the 1,370 people/users who pay taxes at the Aceh Besar Samsat office using the incidental method. The analytical method used is validity test, reliability test, normality test, homogeneity test, residual normality test, heterosexuality```` test, simple correlation analysis, analysis of the coefficient of determination and significance test (t test), using the SPSS version 22 application. The results showed that Bureaucratic ethics have a relationship with motor vehicle tax services at the Palembang Samsat office. Evidenced by the large value of the correlation/relationship (R) which is equal to 0.587. Which is then translated through the equation Kd = rxy2 x 100%, so that a coefficient of determination of 34.5% is obtained. Which means, there is a value of 34.5% which has a low closeness relationship, changes in the service variable which are explained through the relationship between bureaucrat ethics. It can be concluded that bureaucratic ethics have a positive relationship with motor vehicle tax services at the Palembang Samsat Office.

Eğitim Politikası Kontekslerinin Yeniden Yapılandırılması Sürecinde Planlama Yöntemleri

New policies in education are usually created when the current state of education and its contents, i.e. its contexts, are disrupted by a problem, a political decision or a restructuring plan. Policy options can be created in several different ways to adapt to the imbalance. The success of education policy depends on the creation of clear goals. If there are multiple goals, they must be consistent with each other. When conditions change, it should be flexible enough to be able to change them as well. While defining problems and goals in education, policy options should be formulated and evaluated. In many cases, more than one solution can be considered for policy adaptation. Goals can be achieved in many different ways. Best practices from other decision-making circles can be taken into account, and there may be a need to take into account all other possible solutions. By evaluating the options, it may be possible to determine the best one that meets the goals created. Even if the policy is implemented, these types of evaluation are expressed as predicted in advance, since their results are evaluated in advance. Educational policy options can be evaluated if alternative scenarios are developed that allow estimating the possible applications of noteworthy options. The imaginary situation that will be created when policy options are implemented is compared with the real situation, and the transition scenario of the existing imaginary situation can be evaluated in terms of willingness, affordability and applicability. The next stage after evaluating education policy options is decision-making. One of the most important functions in public administration and the public policy process is decision-making. Individuals or institutions have to make decisions in order to ensure their continuity. Decision-making should not be understood as simply doing something or taking a step. Sometimes not doing anything or not taking steps is also making a decision. Key Words: Education Policy, Restructuring, Planning Methods

The Effects of Information Systems and the Utilization of Information Technology on the Quality of Financial Reports with Internal Control as Moderation

This research aims to analyze and obtain empirical evidence of the influence of information systems, utilization of information technology, and internal controls on the quality of financial reports. This study is quantitative in nature. The population in this research are all employees of the Regional Revenue Office (BAPENDA) of North Central Timor Regency who perform accounting or financial administration functions. In this study, the purposive sampling method is used for sample selection. The total number of samples in this study was 56 respondents who met the research criteria. The data collection technique used is a questionnaire. The results of the research reveal that the accounting information system does not affect internal control and the quality of financial reports. The utilization of information technology affects internal control and the quality of financial reports. Internal control does not affect the quality of financial reports.

Measurements of cadmium levels in relation to tobacco dependence and as a function of cytisine administration

Cigarette smoking delivers a number of heavy metals, including cadmium (Cd), into the body. Bioaccumulation may result in an increase in pathological consequences over time. The assessment of changes in serum Cd concentrations during the treatment of cigarette dependence with cytisine was performed for the first time. Parameters assessing smoking habits, strength of addiction, and effectiveness of therapy were analyzed. Cd was determined before, during, and after the end of treatment. The serum Cd levels were significantly higher in the smokers than in the nonsmokers. Significant differences in Cd concentrations between sampling times in smokers were observed. Individuals who stopped smoking had significantly lower Cd concentrations compared to baseline. A significant positive correlation between the serum Cd before treatment and smoking urges was also obtained. Additionally, salivary Cd determinations were performed before treatment to evaluate the use of this method to assess cigarette addiction. Our findings indicate that Cd can be used as a biomarker of smoking addiction, and provide an alternative assessment of tobacco smoke exposure to other methods. The results provide new knowledge related to Cd concentrations in human body fluids and may play a role in monitoring and assessing the efficacy of cytisine for smoking cessation.

The Impact of Decision Making on Crisis Management in the Private Banks in Yemen

This paper aimed to identify the impact of decision-making (Quality- Effectiveness- Acceptance) on crisis management (Signal detection- Preparation/prevention- Containment/Damage limitation- Recovery- Learning) in the private banks in Yemen. To achieve the objectives of the study, the quantitative approach was employed, utilizing both descriptive and analytical methods. The study population consisted of leaders from private banks in Yemen, specifically those in their main branches in the capital, Sana'a, holding the following administrative positions: General Manager, Assistant General Manager, Sector Manager, and Department Manager. Due to the small size of the study community, the comprehensive survey method was employed, and questionnaires served as the primary tool for data collection. A total of 239 questionnaires were distributed, and 219 valid questionnaires (92% response rate) were collected for analysis. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods within the SPSS v26 software, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied using Amos v26. The paper concluded that there is a positive impact of decision-making on crisis management in the private banks in Yemen. The study presented a number of recommendations including paying attention to decision-making by considering its dimensions (Quality- Effectiveness- Acceptance), with particular emphasis on the quality of decision. This is crucial considering the influence of decision-making on all administrative operations and functions, especially given the diverse and numerous crises faced by banks in the unstable Yemeni environment. Keywords: Decision-making, Quality, Effectiveness, Acceptance, Crisis management

The role of Magdeburg law for the political, economic and cultural formation of Ostroh in the XVI-XVII centuries

The article examines the impact of the concept of Magdeburglawontheeconomic, political and cultural development of Ostrohin the 16th-17th centuries. The author establishes that today there are many issues which require through research and resolution, inparticular, the introduction of a clear division of administrative functions between state authorities and local self-government bodies, improvement of the system and structure of local self-government bodies, and creation of an appropriate legislative framework. It is believed that it is impossible to solve these problems without a clear and systematic analysis of the mainstages of formation of local self-government in the contex to historical data on Magdeburg law.
 The author establishes that Magdeburg law is a medieval type of law under which cities were partially exempted from the power of the central royal administration or the power of a feudal lord and, as a result, were able to self-governon a corporate basis. Thanks to the privileges of Magdeburg law, cities for the first time received self-government, their own mayor, mayor, councilors, shopkeepers, their own courts, and the right to create their own craftsmen’s shops.
 The article confirms the idea that Magdeburg law is perhaps the clearest evidence that Ukrainian cities form any centuries were in a single political, cultural and economic space on a par with the leading cities of Europe. This thesis is confirmed by the history of the Magdeburg in many centers of our country, including the largest educational center of sixteenth-century Volhynia, the legendary city of Ostroh. Despite the outstanding importance of Ostroh in the socio-political and cultural life of Ukraine at the turn of the Middle Agesand the Modernera, the formation of the Magdeburg in this city has long been misinterpreted due to the lack of historical sources. The adoption of the concept of Magdeburg law provided Ostroh with a unique opportunity to develop local trade and, most importantly, the educational sphere. A characteristic feature of Magdeburg law in Ukrainian cities at the end of the sixteenth century was the transformation of its norms due to the influence of current factors of socio-economic development, as well as ancient Russian traditions of urban organization and law. Thus, the Magdeburg law did not initiate a new process of establishing local government in Ukraine, but only modified to a certain extent the existing norms of life and management of local affairs.

System Analysis and Conceptual Design to Automate Administrative Functions Using Waterfall Method: A Case of Public University in Bangladesh

The purpose of this study is to analyze systems requirements and conceptualize designs to automate the traditional administrative functions of public universities in Bangladesh. Before implementing any software or website, system analysis and design are the core functions to formulate. In this paper, Requirement analysis is done with interview and observation, and conceptual design is done with Microsoft Visio software to identify a use case model, activity diagram, sequence diagram, and UML diagram to automate the administrative functions of Noakhali Science and Technology University situated in Bangladesh. The first two phases of the waterfall method are used in this paper to validate the result. The result shows the number of users of the systems, user requirements, and sequential tasks to automate administrative functions.

The Provision of Public Street Lighting Based on Risk Mitigation for Energy Efficiency and Environmental Protection

Public Street Lighting (PSL) is part of road infrastructure that is vital for the safety and comfort of road users. The availability of PSL can also boost the economic growth of a municipality because the longevity of activities from the population and the industry is increased. The crucial role of PSL is still not being offset with good availability and management most municipalities in Indonesia still cannot fulfill the needs of good PSL requirements and using a lot of electricity. This is due to the lack of PSL management in Indonesia is caused by the limitations of technical aspect management and lack of technological availability, limitations of the administrative function as well as lack of alternative financing scheme. To accelerate the availability of PSL and to optimize the management it needs an efficient provision scheme and mitigate risk caused by the ineffective management of PSL. The methodology that is being used in this research are problem solver and risk sharing approaches. The result of this research shows that compared to conventional procurement from the state budget, the Public Private Partnership (PPP) scheme can solve most of the provision and management problems of PSL. In the PPP scheme, there is a risk transfer of 80% from the government to the public sector so that PSL services are better, this is balanced by the positive value of Value for Money (VFM). The energy efficiency potential of the PSL PPP can reduce up to 53% of electrical energy use from replacing lamps in PSL. The use of LED lights makes waste from PSL more environmentally friendly because it does not contain mercury like traditional lamps which are widely used in PSL and reduces CO2 emissions produced by electrical energy.The Government must promote the PPP scheme as part of innovative financing for the provision and management of PSL in Indonesia as there are only 3 out of 514 municipalities that has already implemented the PPP scheme for PSL Project.

Protective effects of vitamin E against acrylamide-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity from fetal development to adulthood: Insights into Akt/NF-κB and Bcl-xL/Bax signaling pathways

Acrylamide (ACR), a toxin present in fried and baked carbohydrate-rich foods, is known to cause liver and kidney damage. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis that contribute to liver and kidney damage induced by chronic administration of ACR. Additionally, the effectiveness of vitamin E in mitigating these toxic effects was examined. The study initially involved dividing 40 pregnant rats into four groups. After lactation, the research continued with male offspring rats from each group. The offspring rats were divided into Control, Vitamin E, ACR, and ACR + Vitamin E groups. Following ACR administration, liver and kidney function tests were performed on serum samples. Biochemical analyses, evaluation of inflammation markers, histopathological examination, and assessment of protein levels of Akt/IκBα/NF-κB, Bax, Bcl-xL, and Caspase-9 were conducted on liver and kidney tissues. The analysis demonstrated that ACR adversely affected liver and kidney function, resulting in oxidative stress, increased inflammation, and elevated apoptotic markers. Conversely, administration of vitamin E positively impacted these parameters, restoring them to control levels. Based on the results, the mechanism of ACR's action on oxidative stress and inflammation-induced liver and kidney damage may be associated with the activation of apoptotic markers such as Bax and Caspase-9, as well as the Akt/IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathway. Consequently, the protective properties of vitamin E establish it as an essential vitamin for the prevention or mitigation of various ACR-induced damages.

Roman Centurions as Agents of Imperial Power: Delegated Authority and Judicial Functions

This article explores the influential role of the Roman centurions in the provincial government of the Roman Empire by analyzing their judicial and administrative powers. The results of modern historiographical research show that the military institution was closely intertwined with the Roman “government without bureaucracy:” the provincial governors’ offices were mainly staffed by military personnel and headed by the first cohort’s centurions. However, their administrative functions, although crucial in governing the provinces, have been insufficiently studied. The judicial power of the centurions has been viewed by scholars in two different ways: either as detrimental to the central government due to possible abuse by military personnel or as exceptional because it was not needed in the Romanized and urbanized areas of the empire. Here, based on the epigraphic evidence and papyrus data, the judicial and administrative duties of the centurions, including those delegated by the Roman imperium’s holders, are considered. Their involvement in the work of the municipal authorities is discussed. The conclusion is made that it was quite common for the centurions to hold extra managerial powers. In many cases, this was deemed legitimate as it did not contradict Roman law and stemmed from the long-established Roman practices.

Executive functions of higher education entrants: Case Bilingualism degree program with emphasis on English

This article shows the main findings of a research project to study the executive functions of new students entering a bachelor’s degree program in Bilingualism in the face-to-face teaching process. It was aimed at analyzing the state of the administrative tasks of new students entering the program in a university institution in Cartagena (Colombia) during 2022 and 2023. This research was conducted from a mixed approach of descriptive scope involving quantitative techniques and instruments, EFECO self-report test, and qualitative through the focus group technique. The data processed allowed for the identification of the profiles of executive functions in the sample examined. These results point to the need for reinforcement that students should strengthen their emotional skills for planning, initiative, and working memory training. The data analysis pointed to a tendency to procrastinate and need to remember what they have learned after completing the assessments. The evidence suggests that students are conditioned to put their executive functions into action and in specific situations. The results highlight the need to design a strategic plan to develop administrative functions adequately and contribute to good performance in university life.