Activity Of Antioxidant Protection Enzymes Research Articles

The State of Colon Microbiocenosis and Antioxidant Properties of Rat Colonocytes in Environmental Dysbiosis and Use of Probiotic Bifidumbacterin® and Symbiotic Acipol®

INTRODUCTION: The microbial community of the colon is a single microecological system which quickly responds to the exposure to external and internal factors with quantitative and qualitative changes with the result of development of the condition termed dysbiosis. The changes in the composition of colon microbiocenosis can lead to a number of diseases and to the development of immunopathological and allergic conditions.
 AIM: To evaluate the state of the colon microbiocenosis and antioxidant properties of rats’ colonocytes against a background environmental dysbiosis and the use of probiotic Bifidumbacterin® and symbiotic Acipol®.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the experiment, intoxication in rats was modeled with the fungicide Thiram® (dimethylcarbamothioylsulfanyl N,N-dimethylcarbamodithioate, 1.6 mg per animal of 200 g mass) for 28 days, which led to the development of environmental dysbiosis. The detected changes were subsequently corrected within 21 days with the probiotic Bifidumbacterin® (0.14 ml per animal of 200 g mass) and the symbiotic Acipol® (0.08 ml per animal of 200 g mass). The composition of the microflora of colon mucosa of rats was studied using a bacteriological method. The activity of antioxidant protection enzymes of colonocytes was studied by the content of superoxide dismutase and catalase. The condition of lipid peroxidation processes was assessed by the content of diene conjugates and malondialdehyde.
 RESULTS: In introduction of Thiram®, reduction of the amount of obligate and opportunistic representatives of colon microbiocenosis was noted, as well as intensification of lipid peroxidation processes in the conditions of weakening of antioxidant protection in colonocytes. Application of Bifidumbacterin® and Acipol® resulted in increase in the amount of obligate bacteria and decrease in the content of opportunists of the colon microbiota with the strongest effect of Acipol® on the values of the determined parameters. When studying changes in biochemical parameters in animal colonocytes, both drugs were found to contribute to the normalization of the content of malondialdehyde in the colon tissue, besides, Acipol® led to a decrease in the concentration of diene conjugates in colonocytes.
 CONCLUSION: Introduction of Thiram® in all the specified periods affected the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiota and biochemical parameters in the colonocytes of the animals. The use of Bifidumbacterin® and Acipol® preparations resulted in the restoration of the qualitative and quantitative composition of colonic microorganisms, and also had a positive effect on the content of lipid peroxidation products in colonocytes, but more efficient was found to be Acipol® symbiotic.

Method for Collection of Tear Fluid for Evaluation Its Antioxidant Properties.

A technique of collection of the tear fluid with Schirmer strips for evaluation of the activity of the main antioxidant defense enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) in the tear fluid was proposed. The degree of extraction of the studied enzymes from the Schirmer strip is >85%. Cytometry showed that conjunctival and corneal cells can be transferred to the Schirmer strips during tear collection, which leads to sample contamination with intracellular fractions of the antioxidant enzymes. The approach proposed by us allows avoiding this contamination during tear fluid sampling. This technique makes it possible to increase the accuracy of determining the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes in the tear fluid and can be used for diagnostics of ocular surface pathologies in clinical practice.

ПОРОДНА СПЕЦИФІЧНІСТЬ ПІДТРИМКИ ПРООКСИДАНТНО-АНТИОКСИДАНТНОЇ РІВНОВАГИ М’ЯЗОВОЇ ТКАНИНИ ГУСЕЙ В ОНТОГЕНЕЗІ

Maximum content of lipid peroxidation end-products in the striated muscles of Legart geese was found at the end of embryonic ontogenesis. The content increased by 1.88 times compared to the input values. An antioxidant activity of the tissue reduced by 3.00 times during the ontogenesis. However, the increasing of antioxidant enzymes activity provided the maintenance of prooxidant-antioxidant balance in this period. There were no significant changes of the total unsaturated fatty acid content and the total tissue lipid unsaturation during the last week of embryogenesis in Legart breed. The content of lipid breakdown end-products in the original homogenate and after induction of peroxidation by Fe2+ ions in the skeletal muscles of Kharkiv breed had no weighty changes during the embryonic period. The highest values were on the 1st day of postnatal ontogenesis. There was a minimal value of antioxidant activity with its subsequent increase during the same period. Due to the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes, prooxidant-antioxidant balance in the skeletal muscles of Kharkiv breed was maintained. The activity is at a consistently high level during 22nd-28th days of embryogenesis. The average level of superoxide dismutase activity in the skeletal muscles of Kharkiv breed exceeded the value in Legart breed by 2.09 times, while glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity were at the same level. A prevalence of the superoxide dismutase in the antioxidant activity system indicated on higher adaptive breed potential – an average antioxidant activity was 1.5 times higher for the skeletal muscles of Kharkiv breed. Breed specificity is aimed to adapt goose organism to hyperoxia of atmospheric respiration in the skeletal muscles. Legart breed geese use the activation of antioxidant enzymes, whereas Kharkiv breed geese involve much more antioxidant enzymes – superoxide dismutase, probably, alternative mechanisms and low molecular weight antioxidants. It is established that the reduction of the total content of unsaturated fatty acids and unsaturation for this type of tissue and these breeds is not typical.

Assessment of adaptive capacity of native and adventive species of trees and shrubs in Dnipro region

Nowadays, deterioration and loss of ecological functions of urban tree and shrub plantations take place in Europe and, in particular, in Ukraine; it was noted that their number is insufficient to counteract the negative impact of global climate change and protect the population against industrial pollution effects. The issue of resistance of native and adventitious tree species used in the plantations of industrial cities remains relevant; it necessitates the assessment of physiological and biochemical aspects of their adaptation to extreme environmental factors, such as moisture limit in the steppe zone, periodic dangerously low winter temperatures and anthropo-technogenic load (in large urban agglomerations). In order to optimize the assortment of tree species of large megalopolises of the steppe zone of Ukraine and determine their potential resistance to anthropogenic pressures the study was conducted in conditionally clean forest biogeocenoses of the Samara River levee zone and in artificial plantations on the territories located in the coastal zone of the Dnipro River within 1500 m from the Prydneprovskaya thermal electric station (PTES, Dnipro city). It well known that the TPP is the source of atmospheric air pollution by such heavy metals as lead and cadmium. A study of the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes in leaves of native and adventive tree species showed that in the zone of Prydneprovskaya TES impact there was an increase of guaiacol peroxidase activity in Acer platanoides, Ulmus minor, Morus alba; benzidine peroxidase in Acer negundo, Ulmus laevis, Acer platanoides; catalase in A. platanoides, A. negundo, U. laevis, Ulmus pumila and Robinia pseudoasasia. High peroxidase activity, which is complemented by higher catalase activity, indicates the relative resistance of these species to atropo-technogenic pressures supported by antioxidant defense mechanisms. Total chlorophyll content (Chla + Chlb) in leaves of native species Ulmus laevis, Acer platanoides and adventive Morus alba decreased in the zone of TPP impact in relation to conditionally clean areas. The ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b in contaminated areas significantly increased in leaves of native species Ulmus laevis, Ulmus minor, Acer platanoides compared with control. The invasive species Acer negundo, Morus alba, Ulmus pumila had no significant changes in this indicator. In invasive species such as Ulmus pumila, Acer negundo there was an increase in leaf mass, which may indicate adaptation of these species to anthropogenically altered growth conditions.

POLYEL - COMPOUND WITH ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES

A new complex compound, Polyel, which contains thiourea, macro- and microelements in the form of salts and coordination complexes, as well as vitamins, was obtained and tested. Biological tests were performed in laboratory experiments and in the vegetation complex of the Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection. As subjects of investigations served the plants Glycine max (Merr) cultivars L. ‘Deia’, ‘Moldovița’, and ‘Enigma’ varieties, grown in the Mitcherlih vegetation pots with a volume of 40 kg soil and exposed to the drought stress at the phase "flowering - pods formation”. The beneficial effect of Polyel on antioxidant protection systems by reducing the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and intensifying the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes has been established. Polyel has been shown to be one of the new biologically active chemicals that can be used in agriculture to reduce the negative impact of oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The use of Polyel as a physiologically active substance (PAS) with antioxidant proprieties for pre-treatment of seeds and foliar apparatus is much more effective under moderate drought conditions.

Стан ферментативної ланки антиоксидантного захисту у юнаків з гіпоандрогенією

Recently, interest in the problem of free radical oxidation in biological membranes, which is directly related to both the normal functioning of cells and the occurrence, course and outcome of many pathological conditions, has increased again in clinical medicine. The aim was to determine the role and impact of antioxidant defense in boys with hypoandrogenism. The study involved 75 adolescents with hypoandrogenism aged 13–18 years, who underwent a complex of clinical and laboratory examinations. All patients were conducted complex of anthropometric research and determination of the degree of delayed puberty, laboratory and instrumental examination. Free radical oxidation was determined by the levels of malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes, carbonated proteins, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the serum, and restored glutathione and glutathione peroxidase in whole blood. Based on their determination, the coefficient of oxidative stress was calculated. Statistical processing of results was performed using parametric and nonparametric methods. The study of indicators of the free radical oxidation process found that adolescents with hypoandrogenism have multidirectional changes in the oxidation of proteins and lipids, namely: the level of conjugated dienes increases, the concentration of malondialdehyde remains at the level of the control group, and the level of carbonated proteins tends to decrease. As for the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes, a significant decrease in the level of glutathione peroxidase was detected, while the level of superoxide dismutase and catalase remained at the level of normative indicators. Oxidative stress accompanies and is one of the pathogenetic links in the formation or maintenance of the state of hypoandrogenism in boys. This requires the use of antioxidants, the complex of which must be selected individually.

Antioxidant protection enzyme activity in the blood serum and large intestinal mucosa of rats with prolonged gastric hypochlorhydria and given multiprobiotics

The activity of antioxidant protection enzymes in the blood serum and colon mucosa in rats was studied under the conditions of 28-days administration of omeprazole on its own and omeprazole together with multiprobiotics "Symbiter" and "Apibact". Physiological and biochemical study methods were applied. It was found that after omeprazole administration, the activity of superoxide dismutase in the blood serum decreased, and the activity of catalase increased compared to the control. With the co-administration of omeprazole and multiprobiotics, the activity of superoxide dismutase increased compared to the group of rats that received omeprazole only during the same time, but remained less compared to the control group. The content of reduced glutathione in the blood serum of rats after administration of omeprazole decreased, the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione transferase increased, and the activity of glutathione reductase decreased compared to the control. With co-administration of omeprazole and multiprobiotics, the serum RG content was at the control level, the activity of glutathione reductase exceeded the control values. The activity of glutathione reductase decreased compared to the group receiving omeprazole only. The activity of glutathione reductase increased and did not differ from the control values. In the colon mucosa, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity decreased compared to control. With the combined administration of omeprazole and multiprobiotics, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity increased and even exceeded the control values. With the administration of omeprazole, the reduced glutathione content in the colon mucosa was lower than that in the control. The activity of glutathione peroxidase increased and glutathione transferase and activity of glutathione reductase decreased compared to the control. With co-administration of omeprazole and multiprobiotics to rats, the reduced glutathione content increased compared to the group of rats administered omeprazole only, and even exceeded that in the control.

DETERMINATION OF THE ACTUAL PROPERTIES OF GLUCOSAMIN HYDROCHLORIDE IN EXPERIMENTS WITH SUFFICIENTLY SPEED PHYSICAL LOADING

Relevance. Glucosamine hydrochloride, as a medicament, is introduced in various fields of medicine. Its frigidoid and cardioprotective properties have been determined, but its protective properties have not been determined yet. There is a need to substantiate the expediency of using glucosamine hydrochloride as a metabolic and metabolitotropic agent, as improving performance and accelerating recovery processes under extreme conditions and under physical stress.
 Objective. Investigate possible acto-protective properties of glucosamine hydrochloride in an experiment on rats at high-speed physical activity.
 Materials and methods. Experiments were performed on 35 white rats in males of the Wistar line, weighing 180-200 g. Rapid loading was created by running rats at Tredbani with a tape speed of 42 m / min and on the test "swimming with additional load to full exhaustion". Glucosamine hydrochloride was administered intragastrically at a dose of 50 mg / kg using a probe for 10 days. Under the thiopental-sodium anesthesia, decapitations were performed, myocardial, liver, and skeletal muscle were removed, in which the content of the components of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis (level of LO-diene conjugates (DK), secondary malonic dialdehydes (MDA), superoxide dismutase enzymes activity (SOD), catalase).
 Results. Introduction of glucosamine hydrochloride lengthened swimming time in rats by 59% and running time by 52%, which indicates the adaptive and act-protective effect of the agent. During a high-speed run, without the use of an actoprotector, the level of lipid peroxidation (DC, MDA) increases and the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes (SOD, catalase) decreases. However, when using glucosamine hydrochloride, the level of lipid peroxidation (DC, MDA) decreases and the level of antioxidant protection (SOD, catalase) increases, which proves its act-protective properties. So, glucosamine hydrochloride prevents a change in the indices of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis, which is explained by the presence of a membranotropic and antioxidant effect in it.
 Conclusions. Glucosamine hydrochloride has its protective properties. The implementation of the actoprotective action may be mediated due to antioxidant effects.

Biochemical changes in rat muscle tissue with prolonged use of simvastatin

Aim. Analysis of biochemical changes in rat muscle tissue after prolonged use of simvastatin.
 Methods. The study was conducted on mongrel male rats. Three groups were identified: control group (intact animals), comparison group (animals with induced hypercholesterolemia not reeciving the drugs), and experimental group (animals with induced hypercholesterolemia receiving simvastatin 0.0012 g/100 g of weight once a day for 2 months as an aqueous suspension through the esophageal probe). Metabolite concentration of glycolysis (pyruvic acid and lactate), activity of antioxidant protection enzymes (reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase), titin isoforms and proteolytic fragments of titin and nebulin concentration were determined in the muscles of animals.
 Results. After administration of simvastatin to animals with induced hypercholesterolemia, a decrease in the concentration of glycolysis metabolites (pyruvic acid and lactate) compared to comparison group was revealed, as well as multidirectional changes in the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes (decrease in activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, decreased concentration of reduced glutathione, but catalase activity remained unchanged). The analysis of structural changes in animal muscle tissue after administration of simvastatin revealed a decrease in the concentration of NT- and N2A-titin isoforms and practically complete absence of nebulin compared to the animals from the comparison group. At the same time an increase in the concentration of proteolytic fragments of titin (T2) by 1.3 times was recorded.
 Conclusion. The study showed that the basis of myotoxicity of statins in their long-term use is disintegration of enzyme antioxidant processes, as well as tissue hypoxia, leading to destruction of muscle fibers and prevalence of proteolytic processes.

Вплив Регопланту і Стимпо на активність ферментів антиоксидантного захисту в проростках Helianthus annuus L. і Brassica napus L. за росту на субстратах породного відвалу вугільних шахт

The influence of optimal growth rates of G.A. and new growth regulators of Stimpo and Régoplant on the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes – peroxidase, catalase and polyphenol oxidase, as well as the content of hydrogen peroxide and phenols in the seedlings of Helianthus annuus L. and Brassica napus L. due to their growth on extracts from the substrates of the waste heap of coal mines. At influence the studied regulators on plants revealed increased activity of peroxidase, decreased activity of catalase and polyphenoxidase and increased content of hydrogen peroxide. The content of phenolic compounds decreased due to increased activity of peroxidase. The obtained results indicate the changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes at optimal growth growth concentrations and their promising application for stimulating plant growth during phytorecultivation treatment of the waste heaps.

Combined Impact of Gamma and Laser Radiation on Peripheral Blood of Rats in vivo

The impact of γ radiation of 137Сs (doses of 1 and 3 Gy), low-intensity laser radiation (λ = 670 nm, 5.3 or 10.6 J/cm2) as well as the influence of consecutive laser and γ radiation on peripheral blood and blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, lymphocytes, granulocytes) were studied by analyzing the number of blood cells, blood absorption spectra, and activity of antioxidant defense enzymes. Two series of experiments were performed on four groups of rats. The rats of the control group (group 1) were not exposed to γ or laser radiation. In the experimental groups, single irradiation of the whole body of rats with γ radiation (group 2), three- or four-day over-vein irradiation of blood in the tail vein by low-intensity laser radiation (group 3), and successive three- or four-day irradiation of blood by laser and then a single irradiation of the whole body with γ radiation (group 4) were performed. It was shown that changes of the blood cell content in the experimental groups are accompanied by changes in the spectral characteristics of the blood and the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes. The radioprotective effect of low-intensity laser radiation is manifested as an increase in the average number of leukocytes and lymphocytes in the group as compared with the postradiation, as well as an increase in the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes. The possibility of using low-intensity optical radiation for correction of hematological disorders caused by ionizing radiation is discussed.

БИОХИМИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ЭССЕНЦИАЛЬНЫХ НУТРИЕНТОВ КАК НАУЧНАЯ ОСНОВА ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ СВОЙСТВ СПЕЦИАЛИЗИРОВАННЫХ ПРОДУКТОВ И МЕХАНИЗМОВ ИХ ДЕЙСТВИЯ НА ОБМЕННЫЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ

Aim. To analyze biochemical functions and vitamins and their metabolites in order to provide scientific justification and determination of functionality of a new specialized product – fortified drink supplemented with beta-carotene and pectin for optimization of medical and preventive nutrition for iron and steel plant workers. The rationale of the study is associated with the necessity to optimize the diet of workers exposed to occupational health hazard in order to prevent occupational diseases, improve working capacity, and maintain health. Materials and Methods. We used theoretical analysis as well as data mining for analytical review of literature and our own studies. The work involved instrumental methods for assessment of quality, effectiveness, and functionality of the specialized products; the obtained data were statistically processed. Results and Discussion. The paper covers analytical review of materials dedicated to the role of essential nutrients – vitamins and their metabolites – in metabolic processes. The results of theoretical analysis became a basis of development of a formula of a new preventive drink considering biochemical characteristic of its agents and its effect on the body of a worker exposed to occupational health hazard. The regulated nutritional value indicators and consumption rates of the specialized products were determined. We obtained clinical evidence of effectiveness of the drink introduced into a diet of aluminum plant workers; clinical trials implied studies of lipid peroxidation products and activity of antioxidant protection enzymes. Dietary factor was proved to have a positive effect on the antioxidant potential and functional status of the body. The mechanisms of this effect were discussed. Conclusion. Supplementing the workers’ diet with the fortified drink containing beta-carotene and pectin effectively protects the body from the action of xenobiotics and contributes to health promotion and prevention of occupational diseases.

Experimental Evaluation of the Efficacy of Sodium Selenite as a Remedy for Wounds

Relevance. Emergencies, both of natural and anthropogenic origin, are accompanied by a large number of injuries and wounds, the treatment of which is associated with great difficulties due to frequent infectious complications and lethargic repair of damaged tissues. Promising approach to this problem is the use of antioxidants to reduce the severity of inflammation and stimulate repair. Intention. To evaluate the efficacy of topical application of the antioxidant composition based on selenium for acceleration of reparative processes in woundу. Methods. Experimental studies were carried out on 45 male Wistar rats. Wounds in rats were modeled under ether anesthesia by up to 4 cm excision of a pre-depilated area of the skin of the back to the underlying fascia. Wounds were treated by daily dressings with 0.5 % sodium selenite vs dimethyl sulfoxide solvent as a comparator. The presence and nature of the inflammatory reaction, the condition of edges and bottom of wounds, time to cleaning out necrotic tissues and the appearance of granulation, the nature of granulation tissue, time to the onset of epithelialization of wounds and the general condition of animals, the cytogram of wound prints, and the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes were evaluated in rats. Results and Discussion. It has been established that local use of sodium selenite has a stimulating effect on reparative processes in the wound due to increased activity of antioxidant enzymes. Thus, after 6-day treatment. sodium selenite increased catalase activity by 18.1 %, glutathione peroxidase by 63.2 %, glutathione reductase by 46.1 % compared to ointment with dimethyl sulfoxide. It was revealed that enhanced antioxidant protection of wound tissues accelerates maturation of granulations and wounds heal 1.6 times faster than in the control group. Conclusion. Medicinal compositions with sodium selenite are promising for local treatment of wounds.

EFFECTIVENESS OF OZONE THERAPY IN REHABILITATION OF NEWBORNS AFTER INTRAUTERINE HYPOXIA

Aim . To estimate efficiency of inhalation ozone therapy at rehabilitation of newborns who had suffered from intrauterine hypoxia. Materials and methods. The complex clinical laboratory research of the antioxidant status of 150 newborns was conducted. The control group included 30 almost healthy newborns whose mothers had no somatic diseases and were characterized by physiological gestation course. The group of comparison was presented by 45 newborns whose mothers had secondary chronic placental insufficiency and received drug treatment without the course of ozone therapy. 75 newborns whose mothers received ozone-air mixture inhalations along with traditional therapy entered into clinical group. The erythrocytes of newborns’ dark blood taken right after the birth were chosen as a material for the research. The activity of superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases, glutathione peroxidases (GPO), glutathione reductase (GSR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), as well as concentration of the restored glutathione (GSH) were assayed. Results. It was established that the compensatory and adaptive reactions providing elimination of the reasons of oxidizing stress development due to the stimulating influence of ozone on activity of antioxidant protection enzymes were formed in newborns of clinical group. Conclusion. In this regard, the offered scheme of the ozone therapy can be recommended for a complex rehabilitation of pregnant women with the chronic secondary placental insufficiency against the background of cardiovascular diseases.

EFFECT OF L-ARGININE - NO ON PROOXIDANT-ANTIOXIDANT BALANCE IN ERYTHROCYTES OF RATS UNDER ALCOHOL INTOXICATION.

It was shown changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase) and NO-synthase (NOS), in the content. of stable metabolic products of nitric oxide and levels of lipid peroxidation products in erythrocytes of rats under alcoholic intoxication. It was shown that animals with alcohol intoxication under of the admission of the main substrate NOS - L-arginine activity of antioxidant protection enzymes was increased in twice on the fond of TBA-positive products decrease contents. Established in hemolisate red blood cells in rats with alcohol inrotoxication value of total NOS activity decreases by 65% compared to control. Not selective inhibitor Nto-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), which is a structural analog of L-arginine, reduced output level of total NOS activity by 23.4% in the control and 25% under conditions of pathology. The consumption of rats L-arginine NOS total activity increased in the two study groups. The results testify that L-arginine has antioxidant properties, whereas L-NAME exerts a slightly stabilizing influence.

Men's health in type 2 diabetes. Focus on metabolic and antioxidant properties of testosterone

Oxidative stress is the pathogenetic basis for the progression of T2DM. It is important to evaluate antioxidant properties of testosterone medications used for the management of male hypogonadism (a comorbidity of T2DM). Aim: to evaluate antioxidant properties of testosterone hormone replacement therapy (THRT) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Material and methods: the randomized (1:1) clinical trial included 108 patients with type 2 diabetes, visceral obesity and hypogonadism. The treatment group received THRT for 12 months. The changes in metabolic (glycemic and non-glycemic) parameters and activity of antioxidant protection enzymes - superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxiase, (GPO), were evaluated. The ΔOxS index was suggested to characterize the changes in oxidative stress. Results: THRT was associated with improved metabolic and antioxidant status. Increased SOD and GPO activity against a background of THRT was 32.4 ± 5.6 U/l and 580 ± 68 U/ml, respectively (p < 0.05). ΔOxS was characterized by positive changes only in the treatment group, indicating a decrease in oxidative stress during THRT. Conclusions: in patients with visceral obesity and T2DM, THRT contributed to improvement in metabolic parameters and elimination of oxidative stress and glucose-lypo-toxicity, and that could potentially reduce the risk of progression of type 2 diabetes and its complications.

Аліментарні тригери гормонзалежних форм раку молочної залози

Досліджено процеси перекисного окиснення ліпідів і стан системи антиокисного захисту в організмі щурів різного віку, що піддавалися впливу екзоестрогенів. Установлено різний ступінь інтенсифікації пероксидації залежно від віку та дослідного органа: максимальне перевищення контрольних показників відмічене у сироватці крові, що свідчить про вплив синтетичних естрогенів на всі основні системи організму. У самиць у препубертатному періоді у печінці реакція прооксидантної системи та напруження в системі антиоксидантного захисту перевищували силу відповіді в органі статевозрілих тварин. Відмічено органну дискретність змін активності ензимів антиоксидантного захисту, яка залежить від віку тварин. Ураховуючи залучення системи глутатіону до дезактивації естрогенів шляхом їх кон’югації в реакціях, що каталізуються глутатіонтрансферазою, зниження активності ензиму може викликати накопичення високоактивних проміжних метаболітів із наступним пошкодженням внутрішньоклітинних структур. Ці феномени надалі можуть стати тригером зниження потенціалу компенсаторних механізмів, що разом із генотоксичною дією екзоестрогенів є важливою патогенетичною ланкою в канцерогенезі: ініціюють розвиток проліферативних процесів та виникнення в майбутньому ракових станів і, зокрема, гормонзалежних пухлин молочної залози.

Liver Mitochondrial Enzyme System In The Dynamics Of Experimental Leukemia

In rats with leukemia activity of liver mitochondrial enzymes are decreased at 6 months. Later, we noted compensatory activation of complexes II and III of the respiratory chain and transition to decompensation stage by final deadline. The activity of complex IV of the respiratory chain remains high. These changes result from increased lipid peroxidation and decreased activity of antioxidant protection enzymes.

Biochemical effects of combined gases of nitrogen dioxide and ozone. IV. Changes of lipid peroxidation and antioxidative protective systems in rat lungs upon life span exposure

Lipid peroxide production, antioxidant contents and activities of antioxidative protective enzymes were examined in lungs of rats exposed to clean air (control group), 0.05 ppm O 3, 0.05 ppm O 3 + 0.04 ppm NO 2 and 0.05 ppm O 3 + 0.4 ppm NO 2 for 22 months. The results were compared with our previous data in rats exposed to 0.04 ppm NO 2, 0.4 ppm NO 2 and 4 ppm NO 2 for their life span (Sagai et al., Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 73, (1984) 444–456). TBA values used as an index of lipid peroxidation in the lungs were increased maximally at 9 months, but were decreased below control values in animals exposed for 18 and 22 months. Nonprotein sulfhydryl (NPSH) contents were increased maximally at 9 months, and after 18 and 22 months were decreased significantly below values. Vitamin E (VE) contents showed a similar trend. On the other hand, enzyme activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase measured by using cumene hydroperoxide (cum · OOH) substrate (GPx-cum · OOH), glutathione peroxidase measured by using H 2O 2 as a substrate (GPx-H 2O 2), glutathione S-transferase (GSH-Tase) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) did not show any significant changes during this experiment. The results show that lipid peroxidation in lungs was increased synergistically by a combination of NO 2 and O 3 at ambient levels, and that the time of maximum lipid peroxide production was shorter than with NO 2 alone. The protective ability against lipid peroxides was higher with increased lipid peroxide levels, but the inducibility was not maintained through a life span exposure to the combined gases. Additionally, two small adenomas were observed in 2 out of 18 rats in the 0.05 ppm O 3 + 0.04 ppm NO 2 group and a large adenoma was observed in 1 out of 18 animals in the 0.05 ppm + 0.4 ppm NO 2 group exposed for 22 months.

Increased urinary excretion of 2-thiobarbituric acid reactants in rats exposed to diesel engine exhaust

The present paper describes the changes of urinary 2-thiobarbituric acid reactant as an indicator of lipid peroxidation and the activities of antioxidative protective enzymes in the lungs of rats exposed to diesel engine exhaust