Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Research Articles

An investigation on the influence of three-dimensional printing orientation on the tensile and flexural strength of polymer and plastic materials

In the present investigation, the influence of three-dimensional printing orientation (0 and 90 degrees) on the mechanical properties has been evaluated for acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic and polylactic acid polymer specimens. Further, results found the significant influence of printing orientation on tensile strength, yield strength, and flexural strength for acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and polylactic acid was between 17.80 (minimum) to 77.67% (maximum). The percentage difference between three-point bending finite element analysis and experimental results was 3.05% which exhibited the good prediction capability of the developed finite element analysis model.

Effect of raster angle on the fracture properties of additively manufactured ABS via essential work of fracture

AbstractThe increasing application of additive manufacturing (AM) technology across various sectors has sparked significant interest in characterizing 3D‐printed components. An essential aspect of achieving fracture‐resistant designs is gaining a comprehensive understanding of the fracture behavior exhibited by these components. While most studies have focused on linear‐elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM), there is a lack of comprehensive studies on the post‐yield fracture behavior (PYFM) of 3D‐printed components. As a result, this study aims to fill this gap by investigating the impact of raster angle, a critical parameter influencing fracture properties and often leading to premature failures, on the fracture properties of fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) using essential work of fracture (EWF). Outcomes showed that by changing lay‐ups from [90]5 to [0]5, the value of we or elastic work increased by nearly 306%. Further, the maximum and minimum values of the plastic work (βwp) were for [45/−45/45/−45/45] and [90]5 lay‐ups, in order. By changing lay‐ups from [90]5 to [45/−45/45/−45/45], the value of βwp increased by approximately 216%. In addition, the fractured surfaces of tested samples are also analyzed to provide insights into the dominant failure mechanisms for different raster angles.

The Efficiency of a Biological Reactor in a Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant Operating Based on ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) Material and Recycled PUR (Polyurethane) Foam

The primary objective of this research was to assess the efficacy of a novel solution under conditions closely resembling those of real-world scenarios. Biological beds, or filters, hold significant potential for widespread implementation in individual households, particularly in areas with dispersed housing. The system’s aim was to improve the quality of wastewater treated in on-site domestic biological treatment plants. A pivotal aspect of the project involved developing a prototype research installation for conducting comprehensive testing. Our installation system consisted of several components designed to create a laboratory-scale model for domestic wastewater treatment. The model comprised four biological reactors filled with ABS material and secured by a PUR frame. Additionally, the tested model included a controller for wastewater dosing control, a septic tank as a reservoir, and four tanks for collecting purified wastewater. Through regression analysis using the Generalized Linear Model (GLM), a correlation between CODCr and TSS was revealed. This study presents the research findings concerning the development of a prototype installation that incorporates an advanced reactor or filter. The data derived from this research have the potential to contribute to the creation of products that enhance the performance and efficiency of household wastewater treatment systems.

Enhancing Mechanical Properties of PC/ABS Compound through Compatibilizers and Investigation of Morphology and Flammability of the Improved Compound: A Comprehensive Study

Abstract This work investigates the effect of four different compatibilizers on the mechanical and thermal properties (impact, tensile strength, elongation, flexural modulus, and heat deflection temperature) of polycarbonate (PC)/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) blends. The compatibilizers studied were styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) grafted (g) with maleic anhydride (MAH), polystyrene (PS)-g-MAH, ABS-g-MAH, and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA)-g-MAH. The compatibility of the improved sample was also studied using scanning electron microscope images. In addition, the flammability of the improved sample with 8 % decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) as a flame-retardant (FR) additive was measured by limiting oxidation index and UL 94. The blends with a 70/30 ratio of PC/ABS and varying percentages of compatibilizers (1, 3, and 6 %) were prepared using a twin-screw extruder, and samples for mechanical tests were produced by injection molding. The mechanical properties indicated that PS-g-MAH was better than other compatibilizers. Compared with pure PC and ABS, the PC30P3-FR blend was an economical and versatile compound with potential applications in the electrical and electronic industries.

Boron‐polymer composites engineered for compression molding, foaming, and additive manufacturing

AbstractBoron (specifically 10B) is the element of choice to shield thermal neutrons due to its large (n, α) cross‐section; however, very few polymer composites containing high boron concentrations are available. This study aimed to determine the maximum possible amount of boron that could be introduced into a polymer matrix. Diverse manufacturing techniques, ranging from additive manufacturing to compression molding, were employed to fabricate inks and filaments for 3D printing, foams, and flexible pads. Composites using siloxanes, poly(lactic acid), and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene containing up to 80 wt% boron were sucessufully fabricated. The addition of known plasticizers (polyethylene glycol) and reinforcing agents (carbon nanofibers and fumed silica) helped to overcome fabrication problems such as clogging of the printing nozzle or crumbling of compression molded parts. In addition, the thermal‐mechanical properties of these novel boron composites were determined and shown to vary according to boron concentration, presence of additives, and fabrication techniques utilized.

Implementation of additive-manufactured hydroforming die for thin metal bellow production – a stride towards additive manufacturing in rapid tooling approach

ABSTRACT The hydroforming die was designed based on the required operating conditions. The Fused Deposition Modeling process, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene material, and sparse mode style were used for the fabrication. The first attempt at using the hydroforming die to create SS316 bellow (0.3 mm thickness x 2 ply) failed due to excessive pressure concentration at the convolution region. The die was redesigned to enhance overhanging convolution imprints and reduce their length to 50% of the original design, followed by an ANSYS simulation to identify critical failure regions. The second trial of the hydroforming die for producing SS316 bellow (0.2 mm thickness x 1 ply) was successful in a brief run. However, the formed metal bellow displayed an increased convolution width, attributed to the reduced convolution imprint length in the redesigned die. The stress analysis indicated maximum Von Mises stress at the convolution imprint and minimum stress at the die’s outer boundary. The sparse mode die showed 18.104% lower material consumption and 16.225% shorter build time than the solid mode, with a porosity difference of 30.668%. A 6.66%-dimensional error occurred due to oversizing in the topmost convolute, suggesting a 30% reduction in convolution imprint length to mitigate this error in future designs.

Architected tunable twist-compression coupling metastructures based on a generative parametric design for energy absorption and effective mechanical properties

Architected metamaterials are known as materials with unique mechanical and topological behavior. This paper presents architected twist-compression metamaterials, which twist around their axis under compression, for energy absorption and effective mechanical properties. The proposed metastrcutures are designed through novel generative algorithms that enable the parametric design in which the geometrical parameters of the produced metastructures are tunable. Several experimental tests were carried out to determine accurate material properties for the finite element analysis and to evaluate the capability of the presented metastructures. Specimens printed from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) using fused deposition modeling techniques (FDM). To evaluate the effect of geometrical parameters on the properties of the twist-compression metastructures a four-step parametric study was conducted by virtue of the verified finite element models. These finite element models contain damage criteria to model the failure behavior of the metastrucutures under quasi-static loading. The influencing geometrical parameters on the mechanical properties, as well as energy absorption capacity, have been considered via numerical and experimental analysis. Obtained results showed some unique features of these structures in elastic and plastic behaviors.

Enhancing interfacial adhesion and electrical conductivity of steel/polymer composites via molecular adhesion for sustainable structural materials

Steel/Polymer Composites (SPCs) represent a promising class of materials that combine the strengths of steel and polymers, making them ideal candidates for various structural applications. Notably, they offer heat shielding properties, energy absorption, reduced noise, vibration, and harshness, high rigidity, as well as weight reduction benefits. Achieving robust interfacial adhesion between steel and polymer, while maintaining electrical conductivity for welding, presents a significant challenge in SPC development. Conventional SPCs relying on physical adhesion through polymer coating are susceptible to environmental factors, compromising durability. To address this, novel adhesion concepts are explored, leveraging molecular-level interactions. In this study, we investigate the adhesion between electro-galvanized iron steel treated with a phosphate conversion coating and four polymers: polyethylene (PE), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), Nylon 6, and Polyketone. The primary amines are anchored on the steel surface using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), while maleic anhydride (MA) is introduced onto the polymer chains. The adhesion strength of the SPCs dramatically increased from 0 to 11.5 MPa for PE, from 1.5 to 11.1 MPa for ABS, from 12.7 to 14.1 MPa for Nylon 6 and from 7.1 to 14.2 for Polyketone. In particular, the adhesion strength of Nylon 6 was maintained at 89.0% for 7 d aging despite moisture absorption being fatal to interfacial adhesion. The findings suggest two presumable interactions at the steel/polymer interface, including molecular adhesion. In order to enable spot welding of these SPCs, mechano-chemistry was employed to embed carbon-based graphitic materials within the plastic matrix, enhancing electrical conductivity. The selection of Polyketone as a core material facilitates the adsorption of conductive fillers, such as Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) and Graphite Platelets (GPs). Graphite Nanoplatelets-Polyketone, with smaller lateral dimensions (50 ∼ 100 nm), exhibits the highest electrical conductivity of 207.5 S/cm. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirms effective filler adsorption without pre-treatment. This comprehensive study enhances our understanding of SPC development, shedding light on innovative approaches to achieve robust adhesion, electrical conductivity, and suitability for spot welding applications.

Effect of fused deposition modeling process parameter in influence of mechanical property of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene polymer

The objective of this study is to investigate how the mechanical properties of components produced using acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) on a Creality Ender-3 3D printer are affected by various fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing parameters. The impact of various factors, including infill density, printing speed, platform temperature, extruder temperature, and so on, was assessed in terms of their influence on the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elastic modulus of the manufactured components. The impact of each parameter was assessed using a Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methodology. Finally, the second set of parameters, including a 35% infill thickness, 0.25 mm layer level, 40 mm/s printing speed, 75 °C platform temperature, 210 °C extruder temperature, and 75 mm/s travel speed, was discovered to be the most suitable for ABS filament used to make impellers.

Effect of different tool pin geometries on force, torque, microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and polycarbonate joints

Effect of different tool pin geometries on force, torque, microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and polycarbonate joints

Impact of composite and aluminium face sheets on the properties of the 3D-printed cores under quasi-static three-point bending

3D printers have been the focus of many researchers in recent years. Many thin-walled structures can be produced using 3D printers. One of the thin wall structures that can be made with 3D printers is the core of sandwich panels. In this research, cores with rectangular cross section have been made using Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Polylactic Acid (PLA) filaments. These cores were reinforced using aluminum and composite face sheets and subjected to a three-point bending test. Glass fibers with a density of 200 g/m2 were used to make composite shells. The results showed that the addition of aluminum and composite face sheets, although increasing the flexural strength, greatly reduces the flexibility of the core.

Influence of the cover plate thickness on the ballistic penetration of re-entrant auxetic structures

This study investigated how mild steel cover plates of various thicknesses affected the collapse of re-entrant auxetic structures under penetration at 500 m/s by ø16 mm spherical projectiles. A combination of experimental and numerical methods was used to capture this effect with auxetic structures made from 3D printed titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) and ABS plastic (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), and wire cut 304 stainless steel (SS304). Experimentally, structures were tested with a 2.90 mm cover plate and without the cover plate. Numerically, the effect of the cover plate thickness on the auxetic response of the structure was tested with 0.95 mm, 1.50 mm, and 2.90 mm cover plates (as well as no cover plate). The auxetic densification was found to be greatest under the thickest cover. Material characterisation tests were conducted to develop strength and failure models for the mild steel cover and back plates in this study, which produced simulated correlation to the ballistic experiments. Although the simulated auxetic effect generally increased with cover plate thickness, similar to the experiments, the structure material significantly affected the range of this dependence. For the ductile SS304 structures, a thin (0.95 mm) cover plate showed a small improvement in the auxetic response, with a marked improvement with a 1.50 mm cover plate. Whereas the Ti6Al4V structures showed a steady improvement in auxetic densification as the cover plate thickness was increased. Overall densification of the ABS structures was significantly improved by adding cover plates, however collapse was delayed compared to the other materials. These findings therefore indicate that the thickness of cover plates in auxetic sandwiches can be specifically engineered to maximise auxetic effect while considering the ranges of this dependence with different auxetic materials.

A novel lotus-seedpod shaped separation membrane with efficient oil harvesting function for oil/water system

Facing the energy crisis and environmental problems, the technologies of harvesting oil from offshore oil spills are attracting worldwide attention. In the current study, a novel biomimetic acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) @ polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) -g- polyvinylpyrrolidone methacrylic acid (PMAA) membrane was constructed by the combination of three-dimensional (3D) printing and gamma-ray irradiation strategies. The prepared ABS@ PVDF-g-PMAA membrane presented a “lotus seedpod” shape. The water contact angle (WCA) of the membrane surface was decreased to 62.3°, which indicated hydrophilicity. The experimental data showed that the membrane displayed a flux of 22,413 L·m−2·h−1 and a harvesting efficiency of over 99 % from the oil/water mixture, which exceeded the previous literature. Moreover, the 10 cycles filtration tests verified the stability and antifouling ability of the membrane. Meanwhile, the membrane occupied a harvesting rate of 98.1 % and a flux of 9561 L·m−2·h−1 bar−1 for the oil/water emulsion system, exhibiting excellent filtration and anti-fouling performance after 5 cycles of filtration tests. This study not only supplied a novel biomimetic separation membrane but also pointed out a potential solution for offshore oil spills.

Real-Time Exposure to 3D-Printing Emissions Elicits Metabolic and Pro-Inflammatory Responses in Human Airway Epithelial Cells.

Three-dimensional (3D) printer usage in household and school settings has raised health concerns regarding chemical and particle emission exposures during operation. Although the composition of 3D printer emissions varies depending on printer settings and materials, little is known about the impact that emissions from different filament types may have on respiratory health and underlying cellular mechanisms. In this study, we used an in vitro exposure chamber system to deliver emissions from two popular 3D-printing filament types, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polylactic acid (PLA), directly to human small airway epithelial cells (SAEC) cultured in an air-liquid interface during 3D printer operation. Using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and an optical particle sizer (OPS), we monitored 3D printer particulate matter (PM) emissions in terms of their particle size distribution, concentrations, and calculated deposited doses. Elemental composition of ABS and PLA emissions was assessed using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Finally, we compared the effects of emission exposure on cell viability, inflammation, and metabolism in SAEC. Our results reveal that, although ABS filaments emitted a higher total concentration of particles and PLA filaments emitted a higher concentration of smaller particles, SAEC were exposed to similar deposited doses of particles for each filament type. Conversely, ABS and PLA emissions had distinct elemental compositions, which were likely responsible for differential effects on SAEC viability, oxidative stress, release of inflammatory mediators, and changes in cellular metabolism. Specifically, while ABS- and PLA-emitted particles both reduced cellular viability and total glutathione levels in SAEC, ABS emissions had a significantly greater effect on glutathione relative to PLA emissions. Additionally, pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, MMP-9, and RANTES were significantly increased due to ABS emissions exposure. While IL-6 and IL-8 were stimulated in both exposure scenarios, VEGF was exclusively increased due to PLA emissions exposures. Notably, ABS emissions induced metabolic perturbation on amino acids and energy metabolism, as well as redox-regulated pathways including arginine, methionine, cysteine, and vitamin B3 metabolism, whereas PLA emissions exposures caused fatty acid and carnitine dysregulation. Taken together, these results advance our mechanistic understanding of 3D-printer-emissions-induced respiratory toxicity and highlight the role that filament emission properties may play in mediating different respiratory outcomes.

Enhancing mechanical properties and surface quality of FDM-printed ABS: A comprehensive study on cold acetone vapor treatment

The development of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies has significantly advanced fabrication capabilities, yet achieving optimal surface quality and mechanical properties in end-use products is challenging. The primary objective of this study is to improve specific characteristics of 3D-printed components by employing a chemical post-processing technique including acetone. This technique is specifically applied to acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) material, utilizing a customized mechanical cold-vapor system. A complete investigation was undertaken to assess the effects of treatment on many factors, such as temperature, solvent volume, and exposure duration, on the tensile strength, physical dimensions, and mass of the ABS samples. Acetone post-processing has notably improved tensile strength, influenced by treatment duration and temperature and has led to dimensional changes such as a slight length reduction and increases in width and thickness. Furthermore, the mass of the samples exhibited variability upon acetone treatment, which was shown to be dependent on both the ambient temperature and the duration of solvent exposure. The tensile strength was assessed under various conditions, showing a significant enhancement at higher temperatures and longer exposure times. These results, demonstrating smoother surfaces and a tensile strength increase of up to 20% at 65 °C, underscore the efficacy of our techniques in modifying the mechanical and physical properties of 3D-printed ABS components. This innovative approach provides valuable insights into the relationship between post-processing conditions and ABS properties, enriching the body of knowledge in AM technology.

Characterization and Comparative Analysis of Mechanical Parameters of FDM- and SLA-Printed ABS Materials

This research paper provides an in-depth examination of the mechanical characteristics of 3D-printed specimens made from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and resins akin to ABS, with a focus on two widely used 3D printing methodologies: fused deposition modeling (FDM) and stereolithography (SLA). The study investigates how variations in 3D printing technology and infill density impact mechanical parameters such as Young’s modulus, tensile strength, strain, nominal strain at break, maximum displacement, and maximum force at break. Tensile testing was conducted to assess these critical parameters. The results indicate distinct differences in mechanical performance between FDM- and SLA-printed specimens, with SLA consistently showing superior mechanical parameters, especially in terms of tensile strength, displacement, and Young’s modulus. SLA-printed specimens at 30% infill density exhibited a 38.11% increase in average tensile strength compared to FDM counterparts and at 100% infill density, a 39.57% increase was observed. The average maximum displacement for SLA specimens at 30% infill density showed a 14.96% increase and at 100% infill density, a 30.32% increase was observed compared to FDM specimens. Additionally, the average Young’s modulus for SLA specimens at 30% infill density increased by 17.89% and at 100% infill density, a 13.48% increase was observed, highlighting the superior mechanical properties of SLA-printed ABS-like resin materials. In tensile testing, FDM-printed specimens with 30% infill density showed an average strain of 2.16% and at 100% infill density, a slightly higher deformation of 3.1% was recorded. Conversely, SLA-printed specimens at 30% infill density exhibited a strain of 2.24% and at 100% infill density, a higher strain value of 4.15% was observed. The comparison suggests that increasing the infill density in FDM does not significantly improve deformation resistance, while in SLA, it leads to a substantial increase in deformation, raising questions about the practicality of higher infill densities. The testing data underscore the impact of infill density on the average nominal strain at break, revealing improved performance in FDM and significant strain endurance in SLA. The study concludes that SLA technology offers clear advantages, making it a promising option for producing ABS and ABS-like resin materials with enhanced mechanical properties.

Thermal pyrolysis of a real plastic sample from small WEEE and characterization of the produced oil in view of fuel or feedstock uses

The possibilities of valorizing by pyrolysis a plastic fraction from small waste from electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE-R4) rejected by a material recovery facility have been assessed. The characterization revealed that WEEE-R4 was mainly composed of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) and blends of polycarbonate (PC)-ABS (75 and 25 wt%, respectively) and had good physicochemical properties as feed for pyrolysis processes: high values for volatile matter (95 wt%) and low heating value (LHV, 35 MJ/kg) and low ash and moisture content (2.5 and 0.33 wt%, respectively). On the contrary, the high content of heteroatoms, in particular Br from brominated flame retardants, arose as source of concern. Thermal analysis coupled with evolved gas Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed that WEEE-R4 degraded in two steps in the range 310–460 °C and mainly to the monoaromatic compounds phenol and styrene. Thermal pyrolysis at 400 °C was carried out in a bench-scale reactor and the yields of the products were 18 wt% solids, 58 wt% light oil, 16 wt% tar and 8 wt% gas. The gaseous fraction was composed mainly of CO2 (60 wt%), originating from the thermal degradation of PC. After removing CO2, the gas had a good LHV (32.5 MJ/kg) such to contribute for the 66 % to the energy required for the pyrolysis process of WEEE-R4. The properties of the light oil were evaluated by means of the same standard tests used for commercial fuels or crude oils. The results were interesting but far from the more refined gasoline and diesel oil, with the concentration of nitrogen and bromine even higher than the typical composition of petroleum. Nevertheless, this study shows that pyrolysis followed by a refining treatment such as, distillation is capable of producing monoaromatic hydrocarbon in significant amount (>30 wt%).

Numerical simulation and experimental testing for static failure prediction in additively manufactured below-knee prosthetic sockets.

The socket of a transtibial prosthesis is a structural part customized to a patient's amputated residual lower limb. The free-form geometry of the socket can be suitable for additive manufacturing (AM) to save time and cost. However, the mechanical fracture of additively manufactured lower limb prostheses is not yet fully understood. A novel experimental method and numerical approach by finite element method (FEM) to test the strength and fracture behavior of a lower limb prosthetic socket of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), reverse-engineered using computer-aided design (CAD) from the actual amputee's residual limb and manufactured using fused filament fabrication (FFF) are proposed in the present work. The mechanical behavior, von Mises stress distribution, and the damage status of layered AM sockets of different thicknesses were simulated by FEM using Hashin's transversely isotropic mechanical damage model, initially developed for composite materials. The experimental work showed that the fracture failure initiated at the corner of the lobe in the 4 mm thickness socket at a failure load of 918.5 N. The FEM results predicted this failure load to be 896.6 N, with only a 2.45% error as compared to the experiment. The failure loads predicted by FEM in the sockets with thicknesses of 3, 5, and 6 mm were 618.1, 1008.6, and 1105.2 N, respectively. The present work provides a dependable method for testing a below-knee prosthetic socket against static failure and arriving at a factor-of-safety (FoS) based socket thickness selection for any amputee.

Correlation between the part quality, strength and surface roughness of material extrusion process

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to develop a correlation between the properties of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene parts 3D printed by material extrusion (MEX) process.Design/methodology/approachThe two MEX parameters and their values have been selected by design of experiment method. Three properties of MEX parts, i.e. strength (tensile and three-point bending), surface roughness and the dimensional accuracy, are studied at different build speeds (35 mm/s, 45 mm/s and 55 mm/s) and the layer heights (0.06 mm, 0.10 mm and 0.15 mm).FindingsThe results show that tensile strength and three-point bending strength both increase with the decrease in build speed and the layer height. The artifact selected for dimensional accuracy test shows higher accuracy of the features when 3D printed with 0.06 mm layer height at 35 mm/s build speed as compared to those of higher layer heights and build speeds. The optical images of the 3D-printed specimen reveal that lower build speed and the layer height promote higher inter-layer diffusion that has the effect of strong bonding between the layers and, as a result, higher strength of the specimen. The surface roughness values also have direct relation with the build speed and the layer height.Originality/valueThe whole experiments demonstrate that the part quality, surface roughness and the mechanical strength are correlated and depend on the build speed and the layer height.

Creating a 3D-printed pelvic phantom to explore the impact of Magnetic Resonance (MR) scanner noise in radiomics analysis, a technical note.

Reproducibility of radiomics features necessitates that scanner noise be considered prior to feature extraction. Phantom research provides the opportunity for such ‘ground truth’ measurements, without the additional complication of patient-related factors. The aim of this technical note was to create a 3D printed Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-compatible pelvic phantom that can be used for subsequent analysis of the impact of scanner noise on the reproducibility of radiomics features.A 3D printed phantom of a male pelvis was created using fused deposition modelling technology. It was 3D printed using the high density MRI-compatible acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). The ‘negative’ mould created was then filled with silicone, and the prostate gland and femoral heads were also simulated.We successfully created an MRI-compatible 3D printed pelvic phantom, with a test scan. The phantom will subsequently be utilised to determine the impact of MRI scanner noise on radiomics feature reproducibility.