5G Wireless Applications Research Articles

A Compact Microstrip Patch Antenna using DGS for 5G Applications

Due to the current Covid-19 pandemic circumstance all classes in instructive foundations are going in online mode. Subsequently all understudies are utilizing Mobile phones for going to classes and educators are utilizing cell phones for taking on the web classes. For the above use we need a fast 5G organization with high Bandwidth. In this paper a reduced 5G Microstrip patch antenna with DGS structure has been proposed for the better insight of 5G Wireless applications. DGS idea is broadly used to improve the radiation attributes of the reception apparatus. In the proposed work a 5G Microstrip patch antenna has been planned with a FR4 substrate with a thickness of 0.4 millimeter and Dielectric constant (r) of 4.4. The simulation results accomplished in this proposed work have a decent return loss of - 31.5 dB and Bandwidth of 6 GHz and the VSWR esteem is under 1 at 28 GHz. The proposed work has a ton of advantages for online occasions and classes

Compact Orthogonal Multiple-Beam Antenna With Shared Aperture

In this letter, a planar array antenna with multiple-beams in orthogonal planes is proposed and investigated. A shared aperture is deployed for achieving a compact size, which is based on a cross transmitting network consisting of the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and the stripline. Two 1-D passive beamforming networks (BFNs) consisting of folded SIW Cassegrain reflectors are designed and integrated independently with the shared aperture. For demonstration, an 8 × 8 slot array at 26.0 GHz is designed and measured. In orthogonal planes, i.e., the xz plane and yz plane, six radiation beams have been achieved within ±40°, respectively. The proposed antenna is a good candidate for the millimeter-wave fifth-generation (5G) wireless applications.

Design and Analysis of Rectangular Slot Microstrip Patch Antenna for Millimetrewave Communication and its SAR Evaluation

This paper presents the design and analysis of the compact patch antenna for 5G and future generation millimetre-wave communication system. The proposed design consists of FR4 substrate length, width, and height of 21.37 x 5 x 1.59 mm3 , besides two rectangular slots incorporated with a dimension of 0.2 x 2.6 mm2 within the patch of 4.22 x 3.46 mm2 , to enhance the resonance frequency more accurate and one more square slot incorporated in to feed line with the dimension of 0.2 x 0.5 mm2 . The obtained return losses of the design is-21.25dB with gain and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of 3.90dBi,1.18 by using a lumped port configuration. For the specific absorption rate (SAR) evaluation considered as a human head model in high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software, the obtained values are within the standard limit, the design covers the frequency range of 28GHz, this design may capable of 5G and next-generation wireless communication system application.

A Dual-Band Modified Franklin mm-Wave Antenna for 5G Wireless Applications

Franklin array antennas are considered as one of the most competitive candidates for millimeter-wave (mmW) 5G applications due to their compact size, simple geometry and high gain. This paper describes a microstrip Franklin antenna array for fifth generation (5G) wireless applications. The proposed modified Franklin array is based on a collinear array structure with the objective of achieving broad bandwidth, high directivity, and dual-band operation at 22.7 and 34.9 GHz. The designed antenna consists of a 3 × 3 array patch element as the radiating part and a 3 × 3 slotted ground plane operating at a multiband resonance in the mmW range. The dimensions of the patch antennas are designed based on λ/2 of the second resonant frequency. The designed antenna shows dual band operation with a total impedance bandwidth ranging from 21.5 to 24.3 GHz (fractional bandwidth of 12.2%) at the first band and from 33.9 to 36 GHz (fractional bandwidth of 6%) at the second band in simulation. In measurement, the impedance bandwidth ranges from 21.5 to 24.5 GHz (fractional bandwidth of 13%) at the first band and from 34.3 to 36.2 GHz (fractional bandwidth of 5.3%) at the second band, respectively. The performance of the antenna is analyzed by parametric analysis by modifying various parameters of the antenna. All the necessary simulations are carried out using HFSS v.14.0.

A Dual Band AMC Backed Antenna for WLAN, WiMAX and 5G Wireless Applications

This paper presents a multiband low profile antenna aimed for its application in existing WLAN, WiMAX and sub-6 GHz fifth generation (5G) frequency bands. The design incorporates a simple planar monopole antenna with slots etched on it to be able to operate in two frequency bands with (S11< -10 dB) ranging from 2.38 - 2.7 GHz and 3.28 - 5.8 GHz with percentage impedance bandwidths of 16 and 56. The peak gains of the antenna within the bands were observed to be 2.1 and 4.3 dBi respectively. In order to further enhance the Gain and improve the radiation characteristics of the antenna, a dual band artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surface is designed and employed as a reflector at the ground side of the main radiator. The antenna and AMC 4x4 array prototypes are fabricated and its performance is measured. It is observed that there is an enhancement in the gain of 5 dB in the first band and 2.8 dB in the second band of operation.

Compact SIW Fed Dual-Port Single Element Annular Slot MIMO Antenna for 5G mmWave Applications

In this article, a compact dual-port single element MIMO antenna is presented for millimeter wave (mmWave) 5G wireless applications. The presented antenna design consists of an annular ring slot that is fed by a Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) at the two opposite sides of the substrate. The antenna resonates at 28GHz and its 10dB impedance bandwidth is 400MHz. The isolation between the ports is reduced by introducing additional annular slot that acts as a cavity which results in an isolation better than 20dB at 28GHz. The measured gain of both ports are 6.9 dBi which is the highest gain per unit element at 28GHz in the literature. The measured diversity gain and envelope correlation coefficient are 9.98dB and 0.065, respectively, at the band of interest. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement.

Muli‐UWB Antenna System Design for 5G Wireless Applications with Diversity

In this paper, we propose a compact Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna system with high isolation for wireless applications in 5G connected devices. This MIMO antenna system with the size of 92 × 88 mm2 consists of two elliptical antennas symmetrically arranged next to each other. Two decoupling methods which are neutralization and Defected Ground Structure (DGS) are applied to ensure diversity of the proposed MIMO antenna. The single and MIMO antennas are simulated and analyzed then fabricated and measured. A good agreement between measurements and simulations is obtained. These configurations, dedicated to covering the 3.4 GHz band ‐3.8 GHz, have shown very satisfactory performances more than ‐30 dB in terms of reduction of mutual coupling between the antennas constituting our system. MIMO diversity parameters, such as Envelope Correlation (ECC), Diversity Gain (DG), and total efficiency, are also studied for each proposed MIMO system. Thus, results demonstrate that our two proposed antenna configurations are very suitable for 5G MIMO applications.

A Millimeter-Wave ADPLL With Reference Oversampling and Third-Harmonic Extraction Featuring High FoMjitter-N

This letter proposes a mm-wave fractional-N reference-oversampling (ROS) all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) for 5G wireless applications utilizing a relatively low but standard reference frequency. The $4\times $ ROS phase detector (PD) increases the phase-detection rate $4\times $ in a power-efficient manner in order to reduce the in-band phase noise contributed from the PD. This improves the overall figure of merit (FoM) and locking speed. A class-F3 oscillator generates both ~10GHz and its third harmonic. The former is fed to the feedback divider, while the latter is extracted to generate the ~30-GHz output. The fractional phase and reference distortions are compensated in digital with the assistance of DACs. The proposed ROS-ADPLL is implemented in 28-nm CMOS. Using a standard 50-MHz reference frequency, it achieves 237-fs rms jitter while consuming only 11.9mW, reaching best-in-class FoMjitter-N of −269.3dB.

A broadband circularly polarized monopole antenna for millimeter‐wave short range 5G wireless communication

This article describe the design and measurement of a broadband circularly polarized (CP) monopole antenna for millimeter wave short range 5G Wireless communication applications. This antenna is comprised of a T-shaped monopole antenna with an inverted-L grounded stub and an asymmetric coplanar wave guide feed. To attain the broadband CP, an inverted-L grounded stub is embedded in the coplanar ground and introducing asymmetry in the horizontal T-shaped patch connected feed line monopole antenna. A compact size of 1.877λL × 1.706λL × 0.130λL is accomplished when measured at lower edge frequency (fL,|S11|). For the proposed antenna structure conforming to fL,|S11|, a measured 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 13.67% (4 GHz, 27.26-31.26 GHz), impedance bandwidth of 27.9% (8.3 GHz, 25.6-33.9 GHz), peak gain of 7.15dBi, and a bidirectional patterns with a dual sense polarization are attained.

Design and Simulation of millimeter wave Mylar based flexible Antenna for 5G wireless Applications

The millimeter wave (mm-wave) is expected to play a crucial role in providing broad frequency bandwidth for large data transmission. The restrictions of wave propagation are anticipated to get eliminated in mm-wave propagation through the assistance of antenna technologies. The higher frequency spectrum prevalence of the 5G applications are likely to be dependent on a small advanced antenna technology. This paper presents an antenna design which uses Mylar as substrate for the 5G wireless applications. The structure of the antenna adopted here is of a T-shaped patch designed with ideal symmetrical slot structures. To increase the bandwidth the idea of defective ground structure (DGS) is used. The antenna model discussed here shows a high impedance bandwidth and a fair radiation pattern in the required direction with a maximum gain of 8.35dB at 28 GHz frequency. The proposed antenna is compared with the basic microstrip patch antenna which is designed at low frequency to prove that the bandwidth is enhanced and so other parameters in the proposed antenna such that it is suitable for mm-wave 5G wireless applications.

A compact double-band planar printed slot antenna for sub-6 GHz 5G wireless applications

AbstractA planar rectangular slot antenna with dual-band operation and realized higher peak gain is proposed, designed, and fabricated for sub-6 GHz 5G applications. The antenna possesses a rectangular radiating slot with the inverted stub on its upper edge excited simultaneously by a micro-strip feed line having a double folded T-shaped structure. The fabricated design is of compact size with the radiating portion of 0.3 λ0 × 0.17 λ0 (λ0 represents free-space wavelength) and profile of 0.009 λ0. The measured results show the operating frequency bands of 3.29–3.63 GHz and 4.3–5.2 GHz, with a peak gain of around 7.17 dBi. The higher frequency band is generated by the feed patch and the slot whereas lower resonant frequency band is generated by the stub loaded on the slot. The measured results are in a good agreement with the simulated results. The proposed design is suitable for the International Telecommunications Union sub 6 GHz applications.

Wideband tetraskelion dielectric resonator antenna

In this paper, a wideband tetraskelion dielectric resonator antenna with a low profile and high gain for the upcoming fifth generation (5G) communication applications is presented. The proposed DR antenna has been designed at the operating frequency of 26 GHz. The designed antenna is etched on Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate of dielectric constant =2.2, with a thickness of 0.254mm. The DR material having a relative dielectric constant ( ) of 10 is used for a proposed design. The antenna was fed by using a 50-ohm microstrip line with slot coupling. The simulation and optimization have been performed by using the commercial software CST Microwave studio. The proposed structure exhibits a wide impedance bandwidth of 19.6% for |S11|&amp;lt; -10 dB from 24.5 to 29.6 GHz and peak gain of 9 dBi with the efficiency of 95% for complete bandwidth. The results show that an antenna is low profile and can be used for 5G wireless communication Applications.

Higher order mode dielectric resonator antenna excited using microstrip line

In this paper, the square-shaped dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) operating on higher order (𝑇𝐸𝛿13) mode for the fifth generation (5G) communication applications is presented. The proposed DR antenna is excited by using a microstrip feed line and designed at the operating frequency of 28 GHz. The Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 material having a thickness of 0.254mm and a dielectric constant of 2.2 is used for the substrate. The commercial CST microwave studio (CST MWS) is used for the optimization and simulation of the antenna design. The reflection coefficient, antenna gain, radiation efficiency, VSWR and radiation pattern are studied. A -10dB bandwidth of 4.6% (1.3 GHz) for VSWR2 with a gain of 5 dBi and radiation efficiency of 89%. The proposed antenna design is suitable for future 5G wireless communication applications.

PIFA Antenna Design for 5G Wireless Application

PIFA Antenna Design for 5G Wireless Application

A Dielectric Resonator Antenna with Enhanced Gain and Bandwidth for 5G Applications.

In this paper, a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with high gain and wide impedance bandwidth for fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication applications is proposed. The dielectric resonator antenna is designed to operate at higher-order mode to achieve high antenna gain, while a hollow cylinder at the center of the DRA is introduced to improve bandwidth by reducing the quality factor. The DRA is excited by a microstrip line with a narrow aperture slot. The reflection coefficient, antenna gain, and radiation pattern of the proposed DRAs are analyzed using the commercially available full-wave electromagnetic simulation tool CST Microwave Studio (CST MWS). In order to verify the simulation results, the proposed antenna structures were fabricated and experimentally validated. Measured results of the fabricated prototypes show a 10-dB return loss impedance bandwidth of 10.7% (14.3–15.9GHz) and 16.1% (14.1–16.5 GHz) for DRA1 and DRA2, respectively, at the operating frequency of 15 GHz. The results show that the designed antenna structure can be used in the Internet of things (IoT) for device-to-device (D2D) communication in 5G systems.

Highly isolated inset-feed 28 GHz MIMO-antenna array for 5G wireless application

Abstract In this era, users need very high data rate with more and more compact designs of antennas and devices. Previous technologies failed to satisfy these exponentially growing demands. Use of arrays with MIMO systems provides high gain with compact designs at higher frequencies. 5G antennas need substrates with low loss tangent, so that losses should be as minimum as possible at higher frequency. Such concept is used in designing of the proposed MIMO-antenna array for 5G communication. In this design, 2 x 8 MIMO-antenna array is proposed with Rogers RT Duroid 5880 substrate. The substrate’s dimension is 23.61 x 55.18 mm2 for 2:1 VSWR. The frequency band achieved is 27.49 – 29.42 GHz. In each patch, inset-feed is used for impedance matching and is connected with 100 Ω microstrip line. At 28.0 GHz resonant frequency, gain is 11.33 dBi and radiation efficiency is 88.58%. The obtained value of ECC is in the range of 10-3. The design is suitable for Gaussian indoor and outdoor environments.

Millimeter wave antenna with enhanced bandwidth for 5G wireless application

5G has been planned to meet the strong data advancement and accessibility of the present society. In the proposed work, a new rectangular antenna that has high bandwidth millimeter-wave, stable radiation patterns, and improved reflection coefficient at 28 GHz for future 5G applications, has been designed and fabricated. The FR-4 substrate having a very compact dimension (5.5× 4.35) mm2 with a dielectric constant of 4.4, the thickness of 1.6 mm and loss tangent of 0.002 is used for the design and fabrication of the proposed antenna. The proposed configuration has been designed and simulated by using HFSS (High-Frequency Structure Simulator) simulator which is based on the finite element method. The impedance bandwidth achieved by the designed antenna is about 4.10 GHz (25.8 GHz–29.9 GHz) and has a reflection coefficient of about -39.70 dB, with a maximum gain of 5.32 dBi. The measurement results are in good agreement with the simulated results.

Miniaturization of Dielectric Resonator Antenna by Using Artificial Magnetic Conductor Surface

In this work, a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is miniaturized by using Artificial Magnetic conductor (AMC) surface without disturbing other important parameters. The design has three main features: (i) simple micro-strip line feeding, (ii) use of parasitic metallic strip to achieve impedance matching, and (iii) use of AMC surface for design miniaturization. The miniaturization is performed for dielectric resonator antenna at 3.5 GHz. Without changing the basic characteristic of the antenna such as gain, resonance frequency and efficiency, the size of the antenna was reduced by 85%. The AMC surface and DRA both are positioned on the FR4 substrate. The AMC surface consists of small patches of copper. DRA is mounted on the AMC surface, which significantly reduces the overall DRA volume. Nine AMC patches were introduced with a small gap between them. AMC patches were shorted with the ground metal with the help of small metallic vias. For an overall performance analysis, the design was fabricated, and measured results were taken. The fabricated design covers a bandwidth of 180 MHz for −10 dB reference value of the reflection coefficient, which is mainly used for 5G wireless application. The design has 14.2% impedance bandwidth. Based on the analysis made for the proposed design, it is found that this simple technique highly reduces the DR volume (85%) and ground surface (15.5%) while maintaining the overall performance of the square DRA.

Multi Band Microstrip Patch antenna for C band, X band and 5G Cellular Systems

In this proposed work, a multiband microstrip patch antenna is designed which successfully demonstrated wideband characteristics. This design is envisaged to support 28 GHz frequency which is allocated by ITU for 5G mobile communication along with C (4-8 GHz) and X band (8-12 GHz) frequency supported applications. This design is primarily aimed to operate in 28 GHz and 38 GHz. The use of Defected Ground Structure (DGS) with two slots of dimension 1.5mm×1.5mm made this model to operate in multiband frequencies which includes 4 GHz, 9 GHz, 28 GHz and 38 GHz. The designed antenna is placed on a material called FR-4(flame retardant) whose dielectric constant (Ɛr) equals to 4.3 and the size of the substrate is 10.8 mm×12.9 mm which is known to retain its high mechanical value. The antenna is simulated and optimized with the aid of CST (Computer Simulation Technology) software a specialized tool for the 3D EM simulation of high frequency component. From the simulated results it have been shown that the proposed antenna is suitable for C band, X band and 5G wireless applications.

Analysis and design of single and dual element bowtie microstrip antenna embedded with planar long wire for 5G wireless applications

AbstractIn this article, a low‐profile bowtie shaped planar antenna loaded with long wire is designed, analyzed, and fabricated, which is fed by microstrip line and presented with and without metallic reflector. It consists of a planar long‐wire antenna, which is designed at 27 GHz and terminated with the input impedance of a planar bowtie shaped element supported by defected ground structure. This terminating element works as a load resistance for long wire. Furthermore, two‐element antenna arrays with proposed bowtie structure is designed, analyzed, and presented. Design equations of proposed structure are presented along with the various aspects including return loss, gain, and radiation characteristics. Proposed antenna is working within the frequency band ranging from 27 to 29 GHz and may be used for 5G wireless applications as it offers high gain within the operating frequency. Simulated results are validated by measured results of fabricated prototypes.