4th-year Students Research Articles

Comprehensive evaluation of knowledge and perceptions regarding geriatric dentistry among Saudi Arabian dental students.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and perceptions of Arabian dental students on geriatric dentistry. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a total of 100 participants belonging to Group I (25 each from third- and fourth-year students) and Group II (50 fifth-year students and interns ). All participants had completed a three-part questionnaire related to geriatric dentistry: Part I (knowledge), Part II (cognitive evaluation), and Part III (awareness and attitude of psychosocial and health problems). Comparisons were made between the groups, and the data were analyzed using SPSS software. The responses on the Part I were not statistically significant among the groups (P > 0.05). The knowledge mean scores comparison showed an evident significant relationship among the groups (P < 0.05). Overall the Group II participants achieved the highest scores for all the Parts (all P > 0.05). The students belong to Group II, and the interns achieved higher scores than the Group I students. Dental students and interns in Saudi Arabia lack positive approaches in providing primary health care to geriatric individuals despite a rapidly growing geriatric population.

Longitudinal Comparison between Flipped Classroom and Team-based Learning in a Prosthodontic Class

Active learning is a concept that allows students to study and learn actively by themselves to get knowledge. There are several methods of active learning, including flipped classroom (FC) and team-based learning (TBL). In FC, students are required to study before classes. In TBL, students also study before class, take individual readiness assurance test (iRAT) and team readiness assurance test (tRAT), then discuss group assignment projects (GAPs) during class. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness between FC and TBL. The effectiveness of FC and TBL was assessed from the results of the term-end examinations, questionnaires and practice examinations. To check the difficulty of the term-end examinations, control dentists took the same examinations and we calculated the equating score with item response theory. Statistical analysis showed that the correct answer rate in term-end examinations was significantly different in comparison with the time of the trial, and for the participants (students and dentists). The term-end examination score of FC and TBL did not show a statistical difference. The student questionnaire showed that TBL had higher scores than FC on various factors such as student positive attitude, preparation, ingenuity of teacher and achieving the class goals. The crown & bridge score from the practice examination of 6th-year students who had FC + TBL were constantly higher than the Japanese national average score. The identification index of FC and TBL did not show the statistical difference and there was no statistical difference on item response theory between FC and TBL.

Ability of Dentists and Students to Detect Caries by Using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the ability of dentists and dental students to detect caries by using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS).Materials and MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in Riyadh city and in the College of Dentistry at King Saud University (KSU) in Saudi Arabia. The study sample included a cluster sampling of 50 private clinics (100 dentists) and all 3rd-, 4th-, and 5th-year students (393 students). Data were collected using an electronic questionnaire. The ability score of detecting caries for each group was identified by calculating the mean percentages of the score. The data were entered into SPSS Version 20. One-way ANOVA was used for comparing quantitative data.ResultsThe overall response rate of the survey was 64.5% (318/493). A total of 62.6% (199) of respondents know about ICDAS. All groups had difficulty assessing the activity of caries in Code 2. There were significant differences among all groups in the ability to detect caries (P-value: 0:00). Moreover, 4th- and 5th-year students had the highest mean of percentage ability score (53.8% and 57.6%, respectively) to detect caries using ICDAS compared to 3rd-year students and general practitioners (38.6% and 38.7%, respectively).ConclusionOverall, detection of early dental caries limited to enamel was confusing and difficult. The abilities of dentists and dental students to detect caries using ICDAS were low and require improvement by continuing further clinical training.

The role of foreign language internships in cultural enrichment and increasing motivation for Russian students to learn Spanish

Currently, many universities use the communicative approach to foreign language teaching. In contrast, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) uses a mixed approach for these purposes, which combines both the abovementioned communicative method and the grammar-translation method, which is more traditional for Russian universities. Additionally, RUDN University provides an opportunity for students to continue learning the target language at foreign partner universities, where students can practice the language in its natural environment. In this regard, the serious research interest for us is which of our students’ language competencies will transform after graduation from these universities and how their motivation changes towards learning Spanish.The vast majority of previous research on the role of foreign language internships in increasing students' motivation to learn the target language focuses on issues related to motivation to learn the language within the framework of the communicative or grammar-translation method (Helmchen, Melo-Pfeifer, 2018; Germer, 2018; Marijuan and Sanz, 2018). This study approaches the question from a different angle and concentrates on the problem of motivating students who previously studied Spanish at a university that employs the mixed method for learning the foreign language and who later completed an internship at a partner university that in turn utilizes the communicative method.To answer this research question, we aimed to conduct a study of the formed cultural and linguistic competencies of 3rd- and 4th-year students who were and who were not on foreign internships at Spanish partner universities of RUDN University. Based on the obtained data, this research demonstrates the need to change the established approaches not only to the practice of teaching Spanish but also to the conscious use of internships as a tool to increase the motivation of students to learn the target language.

Creation of a Pharmacy Student Longitudinal Rotation to Expand the Scope of an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program.

Allergy assessments and penicillin skin testing have emerged as a vital intervention for Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs). Investment and involvement in such programs by ASPs, however, are often limited due to resources, time, and personnel constraints. Harnessing an underutilized resource, 4th-year advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) students, allows for expanded ASP involvement and scope of practice. We aim to outline and provide insight on how 4th-year APPE students serve as an asset to an ASP. Through our novel longitudinal rotation experience, APPE students complete penicillin allergy assessments, patient education, and work alongside a clinical pharmacist to refer patients for penicillin skin testing if appropriate. Students also achieve many of the education standards required by the Accreditation Counsel for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) for graduation within the Doctor of Pharmacy degree while developing a strong foundation in antimicrobial stewardship and gaining invaluable knowledge for their future. The addition of APPE pharmacy students to our ASP has also enabled our program to achieve its goals and expand involvement and reach within our facility.

DESIGN STUDENTS’ TAKE ON CO-DESIGN IN HEALTH: REFLECTIONS FROM LEARNING AND EDUCATION PERSPECTIVES

AbstractUsing three projects as a showcase, the aim of this article is to report on design students’ take on co-design in health, in terms of both outcomes and processes. It builds on project work conducted in a master’s course called ‘Design for Society’, reserved for 4th-year industrial design students in the Department of Design at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. The students were encouraged to explore how healthcare services could facilitate active, informed and involved patients. The overall theme was provided by a cluster funded by the Norwegian Research Council addressing co-creative service design and innovation in health. Based on initial research, the students, organised in groups, identified a chronic illness that has a lifelong impact on everyday life, such as cystic fibrosis, fibromyalgia, and Alzheimer’s disease. We give an account of three selected projects by showcasing developed concepts, central methods and tools, and we share key reflections from the students and the course educators on their experiences of working with co-design in health in an academic environment.

Specialty Choice among Final-Year Medical Students at Taif University

Introduction: In Saudi Arabia (SA), the most important issue for senior students during their modules and hospital training is choosing a medical specialty. Because many factors influence this process, the primary goal of this study was to determine participants’ preferred specialty, location, and other influencing factors. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 6th-year students from the medical schools in Taif city, SA, conducted from November 2020 to June 2021. Baseline characteristics, specialties of interest, place, and psychological aspects of their interests were all evaluated via a self-reported questionnaire. Results: One hundred forty of 200 surveyed students responded (70% response rate). About 44.3% were females, and 55.7% were male, with a mean grade point average of 3.5/4.0 and were all from Taif University. Nearly 86.4% were interested in SA’s local training programs, and the most preferred hospital for residency program was the Ministry of Health (37.1%), while the most preferred region inside SA was the western region (61.4%). The preferred medical specialties were family medicine followed by ENT, yet 2% were undecided about their future specialty. The most common factor that influenced the students to choose the location for training was quality of training (41.4%), followed by the cooperation of the hospital staff with new trainees (30%). Conclusion: The majority of medical interns preferred to complete their residency or postgraduate studies in SA, according to the findings of the study. Family medicine and ENT were the most common specialties, regardless of gender. Students’ career decisions are influenced by several factors. Future research that can help create a more accurate career-counseling model and improve successful career-counseling strategies will need to address these factors.

Познавательный интерес как важнейший компонент внутренней мотивации обучающихся при проведении онлайн-занятий

The authors of the article conduct a study aimed at determining such parameters as the level of motivation, cognitive interest and attitude to the peculiarities of teaching the discipline and course management during online classes on the example of the discipline "Marketing". In the recital of the study presents the results of a survey of the level of motivation for success 144 students of 3rd and 4th year of secondary professional educational institutions, the results of the survey in terms of teaching and assessment online courses, as well as the relationship with the levels of cognitive interest of students. As a result of the study, problems with students ' motivation, feedback, timeliness of knowledge assessment and technical problems in the process of conducting online classes were identified.

Assessment of level of knowledge understood and memorized of panoramic anatomical landmarks among dental students in Benghazi, Libya

Abstract Background: Evaluation of skill competency and quality requirements of dental students plays an essential role in dental education. Aim: To investigate the level of knowledge of cranio-dentofacial anatomic structures observed on panoramic radiographs by 4th-year dental students and graduates in internship year at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi. Materials and Methods: A total of 73 4th-year dental students and 92 interns attending the 2018/2019 academic year participated in this study to identify 24 landmarks on a traced panoramic radiograph. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square analyses were performed (P &lt; 5%). Results: The overall correct answer rate for 24 anatomical landmarks was 26.2% (±0.23) among the 4th-year students and 29.68% (±0.24) among interns. Significant differences were observed only between hard tissues and soft tissues/air layer. For both groups, Head of the condyle was the most identified (79.5% for the 4th-year and 71.7% for interns), while the middle nasal concha was the least recognized structure (100% incorrect answer). Conclusions: Both 4th-year students and interns had a similar level of knowledge in identifying anatomical structures shown on panoramic radiography. The teaching program should focus on familiarizing dental students with the unidentified anatomical structures on panoramic radiographs.

Learning Statistics

Abstract Context: In medical education, statistics is part of the core training to enable the students to plan, design, analyze, and interpret the experimental data. It is believed that attitudes toward statistics play an important role in learning statistics. Aims: We conducted this study to assess the attitudes toward statistics among undergraduate medical and dentistry students. Settings and Design: This cross-sectional study was done among 3rd-year medical students and 4th-year dentistry students in a private medical college in Malaysia. Subjects and Methods: We employed purposive sampling and invited the 3rd-year medical students and the 4th-year dentistry students before the commencement of the biostatistics course. A total of 206 students participated in this study. We utilized SATS-36 scale which consisted of 36 items that were divided into six subscales such as affect, cognitive competence, value, difficulty, interest, and effort. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and Spearman's rho correlation. Results: The students had positive attitudes toward statistics in most of the domains of SATS-36 except difficulty. There were no significant differences of attitudes toward statistics between male and female students. However, male students had a significantly higher mean score in the interest domain (mean difference 0.40 [95% confidence interval 0.07, 0.74]). Conclusions: The undergraduate medical and dentistry students had positive attitudes toward statistics, but the students found that statistics is a difficult subject. Hence, the instructors need to understand the student's attitudes and create effective learning strategies which not only provide knowledge and skills but also change student's attitudes toward the desired direction.

Effect of COVID-19 crisis on mental health of physiotherapy students

CONTEXT: COVID-19 outbreak has disrupted the lives of many people. The lockdown imposed from March 2020 in India, a necessary step taken for containment of the coronavirus infection, also had its effect on students' social and academic life. Along with many individuals, the student population has also gone through a range of psychological and emotional reactions due to uncertainty, lack of financial stability, academic delay, lack of physical contact with family members, friends, and constant overloading of information via social media. AIMS: The study was conducted to determine the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on the mental health of physiotherapy students. SETTINGS: Community (online). DESIGN: Survey study-Questionnaire based. SUBJECT AND METHODS: An online survey was conducted via Google forms consisting of demographic data and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS)-21 questionnaire (a shorter version of DASS41) having seven questions each subscale, i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress. The data were collected from June 22, 2020, to July 3, 2020. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Descriptive analysis of the data obtained was performed. RESULTS: A total of 275 physiotherapy students participated in the study. About 34.6% of students were found to have depression, 31.1% have anxiety, and 16% have stress in the range of mild, moderate, severe, and extremely severe. Majority were in mild category of depression, anxiety, and stress. 4th-year students were found to be more affected as compared to other students. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 crisis has affected the mental health of students.

Prevalence and associated factors of depression among Bangladeshi university students: A cross-sectional study

Objective: The study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among university students in Bangladesh. Participants: A total of 403 undergraduate students from Patuakhali Science and Technology University, and Barisal University participated in the study. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI). Result: The prevalence of depression (BDI ≥ 14) was 47.14%. Depression was 3.4 times (95% CI: 1.6–7.1), 3.8 times (95% CI: 1.7–8.6), and 3.9 times (95% CI: 1.5–8.9) higher among 2nd, 3rd, and 4th-year students, respectively than 1st-year students. Students with a history of stressful life events (aOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.7–4.4), suicidal attempts (aOR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.2–7.9), and who received inadequate monthly allowance from their family (aOR = 0.53 95% CI: 0.3–0.9) were more likely to develop depressive symptoms. Conclusion: This study reports a high level of depression among university students which needs further discussion, exploration, and calls for designing appropriate interventions.

Comparison Between Performance Levels for Mathematical Competence: Results for the Sex Variable

Schools promote all-round education for each of their students. This requires teachers to work on all of the possibilities offered by a subject, including mathematical ability. This process of adjustment and individualization is essential for students who have excellent performance or aptitudes. This study uses an ex post facto, descriptive and quantitative research methodology to examine the results of giving the online version of the Evaluation Battery for Mathematical Ability (BECOMA On) to 3795 5th-year primary school students. The sample was selected from 147 Spanish schools from 16 autonomous regions and 2 autonomous municipalities. Three levels of performance were identified, 3 being the highest, and different statistical indices were calculated for each of them. The results were also analyzed according to sex, with statistically significant differences in the highest performance level. In addition, the study highlighted a diagnostic gap in the identification of higher capacity students, a pending challenge for education systems for the educational inclusion of all students.

Музыкально-жанровые предпочтения студентов разного возраста и пола

The study aims to analyse music genre preferences among students of different ages and genders. Scientific novelty lies in the fact that the researcher has identified relationship between gender, age, on the one hand, and the preferred musical style, on the other. As a result, among eight detected functions performed by music, three are dominant: emotional, social and cognitive. Among the studied genres, rock music has the most numerous and strong correlations with the functions of music. 1st-year students are more likely (p ≤ 0.05) to listen to rap and pop music compared to 4th-year students. As for other genres, there were found no significant differences. For young women, musical compositions are more often associated with some memories, while for young men music is entertaining or motivational in nature.

Awareness assessment for viral hepatitis among patients in different departments of medical institutions and students.

The significant spread of chronic viral hepatitis in Ukraine and the whole world, an increase in the incidence of medical personnel, and the lack of wariness of the population regarding the diseases of this group make it necessary to have a statistical analysis of the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of viral hepatitis among different population groups.Aim. To study and analyze the awareness about viral hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) of patients who undergo treatment in various departments (infectious, surgical, therapeutic) and the students who didn't take the course of infectious diseases.Materials and methods. A questionnaire was developed to establish the level of awareness among patients with viral hepatitis. The study was conducted through a sociological survey (full-time, one-time, individual) with the preservation of confidentiality conditions. The study was conducted in the infectious department of Sumy Regional Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital named after ZY Krasovitsky, Surgical Department of Sumy City Clinical Hospital №5, therapeutic department of Sumy Regional Clinical Hospital of the 4th year of Sumy State University Medical Institute in 2019. In total, 147 people took part in the survey: 20 were in treatment at the therapeutic ward, 20 - in the surgical ward, 20 - in the infectious diseases department, and 20 - 4th-year students.Conclusions. Viral hepatitis is currently one of the most pressing health problems. It is used for the sociological survey we developed to determine the level of knowledge of the population about the causative agent of viral hepatitis, transmission, prevention (not specific and specific), clinical features, laboratory methods of diagnosis, and treatment.Among all the surveyed results, recipients gave most of the correct answers to questions about the causative agent of viral hepatitis and transmission routes. The worst known are patients in the surgical wards about the presence of an effective hepatitis B vaccine (20.00%); patients of infectious and therapeutic wards (20.00% each) and 4th-year students (25.00%) - about the presence of effective hepatitis C therapy; (95.00%) and a reference group of physicians (100.00%) on the etiology of viral hepatitis. Patients in surgical wards (84.30%) answered the most frequently asked questions about the ways of transmission of viral hepatitis.

FORMATION OF INFORMATION COMPETENCE IN FUTURE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN THE CONDITIONS OF IMPLEMENTATION THE UPDATED EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS

The article reveals the content of selective educational components offered to the students of the Faculty of Primary Education, in the process of studying which the formation of information competence in future primary school teachers is taken place. Positive changes that are predicted in the professional knowledge, skills, and abilities of future primary school teachers regarding media education, media culture, and network technologies are described. The content of legislative documents on information, the concept of information security, information warfare, etc., is revealed in the article. In our study, the concept of information competence is considered as the studentʼs ability to work with information. In the rapidly changing flow of information, the future teacher must have not only the ability to find information but also qualitatively analyze it, synthesize, compare, structure, and teach these abilities to their students, help them adapt to the educational environment, implement the developmental function of learning in information and communication school environment. The article examines the level of formation of information competence of students of 2nd and 4th year in specialty 013 “Primary Education”. The levels of information competence formation in future primary school teachers, such as primary, secondary and high, are described.&#x0D; Keywords: professional training, primary school, future primary school teachers, junior schoolchildren, information security, information competence, network technologies, information threats.

EFFECTS OF POSITIVE EMOTIONS, ACADEMIC SELF EFFICACY AND SELF REGULATED LEARNING ON SATISFACTION WITH LIFE IN MEDICAL STUDENTS

ABSTRACT&#x0D; BACKGROUND &amp; OBJECTIVE: The previous studies had found a significant relationship among positive emotions, academic self-efficacy (ASE), self-regulated learning (SRL), and satisfaction with life (SWL). The present study was conducted to predict SWL from positive emotions and SRL in medical students.&#x0D; METHODOLOGY: The study involved a cross-sectional survey research design. Three hundred medical students from the three medical colleges in Bahawalpur, Lodhran, and Sahiwal were randomly recruited to participate in the study from October 2019 to January 2020. Research Ethics Committee duly approved the study at The Islamia University of Bahawalpur vide No. REC/B-31/2019-F. All the participants filled the necessary informed consent form. Four Likert type scales (a) Dispositional Positive Emotions Scale, (b) Academic Self Efficacy Scale, (c) Efficacy for Self Regulated Learning Scale, and (d) Satisfaction with Life Scale were appended to a single questionnaire to collect the data. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 25, was used for statistical analysis. The correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and analysis of variance were used to compute results.&#x0D; RESULTS: The study found a statistically significant positive correlation among positive emotions, ASE, SRL, and SWL in medical students. The positive emotions and SRL significantly predicted SWL while ASE did not significantly predict SWL in medical students. The 4th and 5th-year students showed more positive emotions, and students of 1st and 4th years showed more SRL than students of other years. &#x0D; CONCLUSION: The study concluded that both positive emotions and SRL significantly predicted SWL in medical students. There were found significant year-wise differences in both positive emotions and SRL.

Effects of high-fidelity simulation education on medical students' anxiety and confidence.

IntroductionPsychological factors such as anxiety and confidence that students have in the patient care situation are important in that this affects the actual clinical performance. Students who are just starting clinical practice have a lack of clinical knowledge, skill proficiency, and patient communication skills, so they experience anxiety and lack of confidence in clinical setting. Practice in a safe environment, such as simulation education, can help students perform more settled and competently in patient care. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of high-fidelity simulation experience on anxiety and confidence in medical students.Materials and methodsThis study enrolled 37 5th-year students at Ajou University School of Medicine in 2020. Two simulation trainings were implemented, and a survey was conducted to measure students’ level of anxiety and confidence before and after each simulation. Based on the research data, a paired t-test was conducted to compare these variables before and after the simulation, and whether this was their first or second simulation experience.ResultsStudents had a significantly lower level of anxiety and a significantly higher level of confidence after the simulation than before. In addition, after one simulation experience, students had less anxiety and more confidence before the second simulation compared to those without simulation experience.ConclusionsWe confirmed that medical students need to be repeatedly exposed to simulation education experiences in order to have a sense of psychological stability and to competently deliver medical treatment in a clinical setting. There is a practical limitation in that medical students do not have enough opportunities to meet the patients during clinical practice in hospitals. Therefore, in order to produce excellent doctors, students should have the expanded opportunities to experience simulation education so they can experience real-world medical conditions.

Advances in medical education; comparing the perceptions of the faculty and the students towards e-learning vs. traditional learning in a public sector medical college in Pakistan.

Objective: E-learning is a growing need of modern day education generally and of medical universities particularly. This study is targeted to compare and assess different perceptions of the faculty and the students towards e-learning at a public sector medical college. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Medical Education, Sahiwal Medical College, Sahiwal. Period: 1st May 2020 to 31st May 2020. Material &amp; Methods: The questionnaire was sent to all the participants by Whatsapp because of COVID-19 pandemic. MBBS students of 4th year and final year MBBS and all the faculty members of clinical and basic medical sciences were included in the study. The participants had to choose among options of ‘agreed, neutral and disagreed‘. Results: The response rate of faculty members was 91.66% and that of undergraduate students was 91%. Among faculty members, 34 (51.50%) were males while 32 (48.50%) were females. Female students were having majority of participation (60.40%). Most of the faculty and students were disagreed with the fact that ‘E-learning is a suitable means of education for students in Pakistan’. Though there was an overwhelming agreement of students (80%) and staff (88%) with agreement on the point that ‘information and communication technologies (ICT) play an effective role in promoting education’. Fifty three percent of students and 67% of the faculty members agreed that ‘E-learning systems can fulfill the challenging needs of present times’. Conclusion: Our study concludes that there are some reservations of both students and the faculty regarding usage of e-learning over traditional learning at public sector medical college. In our study while comparing, the majority of both the groups were having almost same opinions related to implementation of e-learning methodology.

Influence of University Education on Changes in Students’ Value Orientations

Value orientations of young people are an issue that does not lose relevance in the agenda of social and humanitarian sciences and youth policy. Students are the driving force of youth. Having activity and reactivity, as well as a certain intellectual background, namely students can stimulate social transformations. The University, as an agent of socialization, carries out not only educational activities, but also pedagogical and socializing work, that is why it is able to influence on the development of values and characteristics of students. The article is an analytical review of the data of a unique monitoring conducted since 2015 at the RUDN University in order to assess the effectiveness of pedagogical work at the University. In 2015 and 2019, 60% of 1st-year and 4th-year (graduate) students were surveyed using online questionnaires, respectively, which represents a quasi-panel. The theoretical framework is determined by the concept of M. Rokich about instrumental and terminal values, as well as Yu.A. Zubok’s and V.I. Chuprov’s concept about meaning-in-life values. The article presents data related to the value orientations of Russian students in the context of their changes in the course of study at the University, namely, issues of patriotism, life values, “idols” as models that students strive for, as well as personal characteristics, which determine the value orientations and other characteristics of an individual (instrumental). The main conclusion: life values and value orientations remain almost unchanged after 4 years of training, while personal characteristics may change throughout the process of training and education. The University can also affect such values as patriotism and the presence of an “idol”. For students of the RUDN University, the questions of patriotism are “difficult”, and idols are most often either family members or no one at all, which is confirmed by data from other surveys. The proposed conceptual model of monitoring may be of interest to employees of other universities and specialists in the field of education, youth work and youth sociology.