3D Garment Research Articles

Deferred Warping.

We introduce deferred warping, a novel approach for real-time deformation of 3D objects attached to an animated or manipulated surface. Our target application is virtual prototyping of garments where 2D pattern modeling is combined with 3D garment simulation which allows an immediate validation of the design. The technique works in two steps: First, the surface deformation of the target object is determined and the resulting transformation field is stored as a matrix texture. Then the matrix texture is used as look-up table to transform a given geometry onto a deformed surface. Splitting the process in two steps yields a large flexibility since different attachment types can be realized by simply defining specific mapping functions. Our technique can directly handle complex topology changes within the surface. We demonstrate a fast implementation in the vertex shading stage allowing the use of highly decorated surfaces with millions of triangles in real-time.

Collaborative 3D-To-2D Tight-Fitting Garment Pattern Design Process For Scoliotic People

This paper presents a virtual design process for a tight-fitting garment pattern for adapted consumer garments, aimed at consumers with scoliosis. The design process proposed is based on a virtual human model created using a 3D scanner, allowing simulation of the morphological shape of an individual with atypical physical deformations. Customized 2D and 3D virtual garment prototyping tools are used in combination to create products through interactions between the consumer, designer and pattern maker. After following an interactive sequence: Scanning – Design – Display – Evaluation – Adjustment, a final design solution acceptable to both the designer and consumer can be obtained. Through this process, traditional 2D garment design knowledge, especially design rules influenced by the fabric information, is fully utilized to support the design process proposed. Using the knowledge based collaborative design process, design satisfaction can be largely improved.

A customized garment collaborative design process by using virtual reality and sensory evaluation on garment fit

Abstract As the successful implantation of CAD (computer-aided-design) technology in garment industry, the 3D virtual garment technology has attracted a great attention of textile/garment companies. However, wearer’s perception on virtual garment in terms of fitting and comfort has never been systematically studied. In this paper, we propose an original customized 3D garment collaborative design process by integrating interactions between the designer and the specific consumer. In this context, a normalized sensory evaluation on garment fitting effects will be organized in a virtual environment, in order to enhance communications of the concerned actors on perception of products. Also, by learning from the measured distances between the garment surfaces and the mannequin (input) and sensory descriptors (output), we model the relationship between the garment design parameters and the human perception on fit of the finished virtual products. Using this model, we can estimate the fit perception for a specific garment size on a specific body shape without any real try-on experience. In practice, the proposed collaborative design process will permit to develop an online recommendation system for garment size selection and fit estimation. Furthermore, it will permit to recursively modify the initial garment patterns according to the consumer’s fit preferences so that they can obtain a real personalized garment. In this way, the consumer will be directly involved in the product design process by performing a series of sensory evaluations on virtual garment fit in order to obtain a desired finished product. This process has been validated by creating a collection of T-shirts meeting requirements of various customers.

Quantitative validation of 3D garment simulation software for determination of air gap thickness in lower body garments

The heat and mass transfer through the garment to maintain the heat balance between the human body and the environment is dependent on the air gap thickness underneath the garment, which in turn is affected to a great extent by the body movement. Therefore, in this study, 3D garment simulation software was quantitatively validated by comparing the air gap thickness results obtained for stationary postures simulated by 3D simulation software and measured with 3D scanning method. The aim was to assess the capability of 3D garment simulation software to accurately determine air gap thickness distribution. Moreover, the effect of differences between air gap thickness of real and virtual garments on the thermal resistance of the garments was evaluated for individual body regions. It was found that the agreement between the two methods was within the range of 10 mm for air gap thickness. This difference resulted in small differences in thermal resistance for tight (up to 0.025m2K/W) and loose fit (up to 0.013m2K/W).

(Invited) Design and Commercialization Challenges of Garment-Based Textile Electronics

Textile electronics is a rapidly evolving industry, particularly in sectors of wellness, medical, and athletics. The advantage of a textile electronic, over current wrist worn wearables products, is the ability to form a non-noticeable integrated system of multiple sensors across the large contact area that the garment has in intimate contact with the body. Key challenges exist in the commercialization of these technologies, as it relates to identifying the consumer needs for justifying the use of the technology and cost factors for fabrication that are limited by the low-cost principles of the textiles industry. This talk explores new technology developments and trends in garment fabrication that provide the opportunity for resolving these challenges. Of particular interest is the ability to leverage techniques founded in the printed electronics industry and elements of the rapid developing 3D whole garment manufacturing to fabricate customized electronics and garments, a key to optimizing the data quality of integrated sensors to that of the consumer expectations.

Fit evaluation of virtual garment try-on by learning from digital pressure data

Presently, garment fit evaluation mainly focuses on real try-on, and rarely deals with virtual try-on. With the rapid development of E-commerce, there is a profound growth of garment purchases through the internet. In this context, fit evaluation of virtual garment try-on is vital in the clothing industry. In this paper, we propose a Naive Bayes-based model to evaluate garment fit. The inputs of the proposed model are digital clothing pressures of different body parts, generated from a 3D garment CAD software; while the output is the predicted result of garment fit (fit or unfit). To construct and train the proposed model, data on digital clothing pressures and garment real fit was collected for input and output learning data respectively. By learning from these data, our proposed model can predict garment fit rapidly and automatically without any real try-on; therefore, it can be applied to remote garment fit evaluation in the context of e-shopping. Finally, the effectiveness of our proposed method was validated using a set of test samples. Test results showed that digital clothing pressure is a better index than ease allowance to evaluate garment fit, and machine learning-based garment fit evaluation methods have higher prediction accuracies.

Design and evaluation of personalized garment block for atypical morphology using the knowledge-supported virtual simulation method

This research puts forward a novel knowledge-supported design process for obtaining personalized ready-to-wear garment products aimed at consumers with atypical morphology by using a virtual a three-dimensional-to-two-dimensional (3D-to-2D) design method. The proposed design process starts with designing a personalized garment block, which is then extended into the desired ready-to-wear garment style. The garment block is obtained by using a virtual 3D-to-2D design method. The extension and sizing of the garment block pattern into desired ready-to-wear garment patterns is performed in a 2D environment using classic methods. The proposed design solution begins with a personalized garment block, thus avoiding the complicated operations of simulating a 3D garment directly in the virtual environment. The proposed design process can be fully digitalized, which ensures the involvement of the consumer throughout the design. By repeatedly running the sequence of Design – Display – Evaluation – Adjustment, which is technically accomplished through the virtual 3D-to-2D design method and 3D virtual try-on, the designers’ patterns and principles of elaborating personalized garment products can be validated within a very short time. As a knowledge-supported design process, designers’ design ideas and principles of personalized design solution can be fully extracted to enhance satisfaction of the final product. A set of experiments and case studies validated the approach and application of the proposed knowledge-supported virtual design process, and demonstrated its efficiency.

DeepGarment : 3D Garment Shape Estimation from a Single Image

3D garment capture is an important component for various applications such as free-view point video, virtual avatars, online shopping, and virtual cloth fitting. Due to the complexity of the deformations, capturing 3D garment shapes requires controlled and specialized setups. A viable alternative is image-based garment capture. Capturing 3D garment shapes from a single image, however, is a challenging problem and the current solutions come with assumptions on the lighting, camera calibration, complexity of human or mannequin poses considered, and more importantly a stable physical state for the garment and the underlying human body. In addition, most of the works require manual interaction and exhibit high run-times. We propose a new technique that overcomes these limitations, making garment shape estimation from an image a practical approach for dynamic garment capture. Starting from synthetic garment shape data generated through physically based simulations from various human bodies in complex poses obtained through Mocap sequences, and rendered under varying camera positions and lighting conditions, our novel method learns a mapping from rendered garment images to the underlying 3D garment model. This is achieved by training Convolutional Neural Networks CNN-s to estimate 3D vertex displacements from a template mesh with a specialized loss function. We illustrate that this technique is able to recover the global shape of dynamic 3D garments from a single image under varying factors such as challenging human poses, self occlusions, various camera poses and lighting conditions, at interactive rates. Improvement is shown if more than one view is integrated. Additionally, we show applications of our method to videos.

Automatic 3D garment positioning based on surface metric

AbstractPositioning virtual garments onto a 3D avatar is known to be a time‐consuming process. This task is usually done manually if the proportion of the garment needs to be kept during the process for a fitting purpose. The positioning of the garment is currently the main limitation to propose a fully automatic virtual try‐on application. This paper presents an automatic method based on surface energy minimisation that allows fully automatically positioning of a 3D virtual cloth without deformation of the patterns. The minimum of surface energy is reached by animating the humanoid avatar. Humanoid joints are manipulated to place a 3D avatar into the virtual garment. The proposed method, as well as its implementation, is described in this paper. image

Virtual reality-based collaborative design method for designing customized garment for disabled people with scoliosis

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a new collaborative design-based method for designing customized garments, aimed at the physically disabled people with scoliosis.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed method is based on the virtual human model created using a 3D body scanner, permitting to simulate the consumer’s morphological shape with atypical physical deformations. Next, customized 2D and 3D virtual garment prototyping tools will be used to create products through interactions between the consumer, designer and pattern maker. The general principle of the proposed design method is based on the following sequence: design-display-evaluation-adjustment. After running the sequence for a number of times, the final design solution, which will be approved by both the designer and consumer, can be easily identified.FindingsDesign knowledge, which is already applied to normal body shapes successfully can be applied to 3D garment design using the concept which is based on collaborative design. Through this process, the classical 2D garment design knowledge, especially 2D patterns and design rules, can be modified and applied according to a normalized virtual garment sensory evaluation procedure quantitatively. This evaluation procedure, interactively performed by the designer and consumer, can permit to adapt the finished product to disabled people afflicted with severe scoliosis. The proposed method is also validated to be more advanced compared to 2D-to-3D virtual CAD design method, especially for atypical morphologies.Originality/valueAs a co-design method, 3D virtual draping and sensory evaluation can fully satisfy the interaction between the garment design technical space and perceptual space of the finished garments ensuring desired 3D garment fit effect by adjustment of technical parameters. 3D scanning technology is used to generate a complete digitalized 3D human model, permitting to extract the main features of body shapes without accurate measurements. As a knowledge-based design process, both the fashion design knowledge and the pattern making knowledge will be extracted to provide inspirations and references. Successful design solutions will be incorporated into the fashion design knowledge base in order to generate new design rules and enhance professional design knowledge.

Strong Constraint Dynamic Simulation Method for 3D Garment Models

With the continuous improvement on quality of 3D games and virtual fitting, the trend of garment simulation has changed from the cloth simulation to the dynamic simulation. Garment simulation is of significantly theoretical and practical value, because it is authentic, real-time, universal and interactive. To solve the problems commonly existing in present algorisms on timeliness, universality and over-stretching, a real-time simulation method for all 3D garment models was proposed. In this method, the triangle faces were mapped to the mass-spring model, which overcame the restriction effect of the traditional solver on cloth regular grid. The Verlet integrator is easy to improve the computation efficiency. And the authors put compensation on confrontation of deformation constraint, which prevented the over-stretching and improved the stability of the system. The efficiency and reliability of the proposed algorithm was verified by experiments. The experiment results show that this algorithm is simple and easy to operate, and it can be easily integrated in the form of plug-in components and modules with other software.

A new design concept: 3D to 2D textile pattern design for garments

‘The word “fashion” is synonymous with the word “change”. Fashion begins with fabrics and fabrics begin with colour’. This famous remark/definition of ‘fashion’ must now be revised in the era of digital technology. In this paper, we propose a novel print design concept, from 3D garments to 2D textiles. By taking advantage of the cutting-edge developments in surface parameterisation, cloth simulation and texture assignment, we develop a computer system that allows designers to create figure-flattering prints directly onto 3D garments, and will output 2D pattern pieces with matched texture that are ready for digital printing and garment production. It reverses the traditional design process from 2D fabrics to 3D garments. The results produced by the proposed method guarantee textural continuity in both garment and pattern pieces. It not only releases apparel makers from the tedious work of matching texture along seams, but also provides users with a new tool to create one-of-a-kind fashion products by designing personalised prints.

An efficient multi-layer garment virtual fitting algorithm based on the geometric method

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present an efficient algorithm for multi-layer garment fitting simulation based on the geometric method to solve the low time cost problem during penetration detection and processing. This is more practical to design a CAD system to preview the multi-layer garment fitting effect in daily life.Design/methodology/approachThe construction of a multi-layer garment based on existing 3D garments is a suitable method because this method is similar to the daily method of multi-layer dressing. The major problem is the penetration phenomenon between different garments because these 3D garment’s geometric shapes are constructed in different situations. In this paper, an efficient algorithm of multi-layer garment simulation is reported. A face-face intersection detection algorithm is designed to detect the penetration region between multi-layer garments fast and a geometric penetration processing algorithm is presented to solve the penetration phenomenon during multi-layer garment simulation.FindingsThis method can quickly detect the penetration between faces, and then deal with the penetration for multi-layer garment construction. Experimental results show that this method can not only remove the penetration but basically maintain the trend of wrinkles efficiently. At the same time, the garments used in the experiment have almost more than 5,800 faces, but the resolving time is under five seconds.Originality/valueThe main originalities of the multi-layer garment virtual fitting algorithm based on the geometric method are highly efficient both in terms of time cost and fitting effect. Based on this method, the technology of multi-layer garment virtual fitting can be used to design a novel CAD system to preview the multi-layer garment fitting effect in real time. This is a pressing requirement of virtual garment applications.

Three-dimensional garment-size change modeled considering vertical proportions

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a size-changing method with three-dimensional (3D) garment modeling for various body sizes considering vertical body proportions in addition to horizontal dimensions, while preserving the silhouette and ease of the original garment.Design/methodology/approachCross-sectional dimensions and shapes of one dress form (the standard body) and jacket bodice were obtained by 3D scanning. The authors calculated horizontal multiplication factors of the relationship between the standard body and jacket bodice, and vertical body proportions. A target dress form was deformed using multiplication factors and vertical body proportions to construct a garment model that fitted the dress form. The method was verified using three different dress forms. The bodices of the jackets were compared with those obtained without adjusting vertical proportions.FindingsEmploying the proposed method, jacket bodices were made and fitted on target bodies while preserving the original shape. Jackets bodices made without considering vertical proportions had many wrinkles and deformed shape and poor fit around the bust line owing to the different vertical proportions. The vertical proportion is thus an important factor in the 3D garment modeling of garments of different size fitted on a body.Research limitations/implicationsThe proposed method is a new size-changing or grading method for a bodice that preserves the original silhouette.Originality/valueThe proposed modeling method allows the construction of jacket bodice models and jackets of different size considering vertical body proportions. The method is applicable when making individually tailored garments or ready-to-wear garments for different targets.

브래지어 컵 사이즈를 반영한 바디스 원형 개발

The purpose of this study was to compare fitting of the upper garment by brassiere cup size and types of bodice block. This study conducted a 3D virtual garment system by applying three types of bodice block (I, II, III) and experimental pattern of the bodice block to 3D avatars of four individuals with the following measurements: under bust circumference of 73.5 cm and bust circumferences of 83.5 cm, 86.0 cm, 88.5 cm, and 91.0cm. The results of the study were as follows. First, for 83.5 cm bust circumference (A Cup), appearance of the three types of bodice block (I, II, III) was appropriate. However, as bust circumference increased in size, shape became inappropriate. The depth and width of the armhole, within 15 cm and 11 cm, respectively, were found to be appropriate. In case of 91.0 cm bust circumference (D Cup), all three bodices (I, II, III) were inappropriate. Second, the results of the draft of the experimental patterns of the bodice block of bust circumference measuring 83.5 cm, 86.0 cm, 88.5 cm, and 91.0 cm in the 3D avatars of the four individuals revealed similarities in the frontal view of the silhouette in the four avatars; in the case of the lateral view of the silhouette, lateral width grew wider as bust circumference of the silhouette became larger, but the shape of armhole showed no changes. The depth of the armhole showed little changes from 15.1 cm to 15.22 cm, and the height of sleeve (armscye depth 13.6 cm within +2 cm) remained similar. The difference in width of the armhole from 11.26 cm to 11.37 cm was rather small. The width of the upper sleeve (8.97 cm) seemed to be appropriate as it remained within the 2-3 cm boundary.

Virtual try-on technologies in the clothing industry. Part 1: investigation of distance ease between body and garment

The aim of the first part of the research was to investigate distance ease distribution between straight shape virtual dress and 3D body in respect to fabrics mechanical (tensile, bending, shear) properties using virtual try-on software Modaris 3D Fit (CAD Lectra). The second part would be intended for the basic construction adjustment according to the mechanical properties of textile materials. The objects of the investigations were 100% cotton and cotton-blended plain weave fabrics. Mechanical properties were defined by KES-F (Kawabata). Virtual mannequin was covered with straight virtual dress. Distance ease distribution as well as the values of simulated 3D garment at bust girth ES3D_bust (cm) were investigated. It was defined that distance ease in 3D garment was lower than ease allowance used for 2D basic construction. The strongest effect upon the distance ease between body and garment had tensile strain of fabrics in weft direction.

3D High-quality Garment Reconstruction with Synthesized Texture

Abstract 3D garment model plays an important role in the fashion industry. However, not much work focus on extracting high-quality clothes from scanned data. The texture is limited by photography methods in 3D scanning. This paper proposes a novel framework of reconstructing high-quality 3D garment models with synthesized texture. Firstly, a pipeline of 3D garment processing is proposed to obtain a better 3D model based on KinectFusion. Then, DeepTextures is used to synthesize a new texture. To our best knowledge, this is the first paper combining 3D garment reconstruction and texture synthesis. Experimental results show that our method can conveniently obtain 3D garment models and realistic textures.

Investigations Regarding the Effects of Simulating Parameters During 3D Garments' Drape Simulations

Investigations Regarding the Effects of Simulating Parameters During 3D Garments' Drape Simulations

Examining the effectiveness of virtual fitting with 3D garment simulation

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we report how the interactive process of garment fitting, as a component of the apparel development process, was impacted by the use of virtual fittings in place of live fittings. We created 3D garment simulations using five existing garment patterns, then conducted virtual fittings with the maker and the designer of each garment. Participants viewed the virtual fittings via WebEx. They responded to questions about fit and design details, and about the experience of participating in a virtual fitting. They had opportunities to suggest alterations and to see alternate style line markings on the virtual garments. Responses showed that elements inherent to both preparation and execution of a virtual fitting impacted the collaborative experience.

여성 재킷의 실제착의와 가상착의 비교를 통한 3D 가상착의 시스템 개선에 대한 연구

여성 재킷의 실제착의와 가상착의 비교를 통한 3D 가상착의 시스템 개선에 대한 연구