3D Garment Research Articles

The effect of link-length and vertex angle on mesh generation and pattern flattening for virtual clothing

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify optimum operating parameters, namely, link-length and vertex angle, for producing virtual clothing prototypes for the purpose of pattern flattening. Design/methodology/approach – Commercially available physically based simulation and flattening engines were utilized to carry out the computational part of this study. Two separately developed 3D garment templates were used for the creation of virtual garments in the form of a triangulated mesh and later for pattern unwrapping by taking differential link-lengths and vertex angles into account to ascertain their effects on the mesh quality and on the ultimate pattern flattening process. Findings – It has been found that a link-length between 10 and 15 mm and a vertex angle between 120° and 160° are optimum for the virtual clothing prototyping process. Practical implications – The findings of this study can universally be applied to simplify the tasks of virtual clothing prototyping and pattern unwrapping using commercial software packages. Originality/value – Previously, there has not been any guidance available for the selection of specific operational parameters to promote 3D garment design.

Physics-driven pattern adjustment for direct 3D garment editing

Designers frequently reuse existing designs as a starting point for creating new garments. In order to apply garment modifications, which the designer envisions in 3D, existing tools require meticulous manual editing of 2D patterns. These 2D edits need to account both for the envisioned geometric changes in the 3D shape, as well as for various physical factors that affect the look of the draped garment. We propose a new framework that allows designers to directly apply the changes they envision in 3D space; and creates the 2D patterns that replicate this envisioned target geometry when lifted into 3D via a physical draping simulation. Our framework removes the need for laborious and knowledge-intensive manual 2D edits and allows users to effortlessly mix existing garment designs as well as adjust for garment length and fit. Following each user specified editing operation we first compute a target 3D garment shape, one that maximally preserves the input garment's style-its proportions, fit and shape-subject to the modifications specified by the user. We then automatically compute 2D patterns that recreate the target garment shape when draped around the input mannequin within a user-selected simulation environment. To generate these patterns, we propose a fixed-point optimization scheme that compensates for the deformation due to the physical forces affecting the drape and is independent of the underlying simulation tool used. Our experiments show that this method quickly and reliably converges to patterns that, under simulation, form the desired target look, and works well with different black-box physical simulators. We demonstrate a range of edited and resimulated garments, and further validate our approach via expert and amateur critique, and comparisons to alternative solutions.

3D Garment Modelling – Conception of Its Structure in 3D

3D Garment Modelling – Conception of Its Structure in 3D

A data-driven editing framework for automatic 3D garment modeling

Exploring shape variations on virtual garments is significant but challenging to the aspect of 3D garment modeling. In this paper, we propose a data-driven editing framework for automatic 3D garment modeling, which includes semantic garment segmentation, probabilistic reasoning for component suggestion, and garment component merging. The key idea in this work is to develop a simple but effective garment synthesis that utilizes a continuous style description, which can be characterized by the ratio of area and boundary length on garment components. First, a semi-supervised learning algorithm is proposed to simultaneously segment and label the components in 3D garments. Second, a set of matchable probability measurement is applied to recommend components that can be regarded as a new 3D garment. Third, a variation synthesis is developed to satisfy the garment style criteria while ensuring the realistic-looking plausibility of the results. As demonstrated by the experiments, our method is able to generate various reasonable garments with material effects to enrich existing 3D garments.

Interactive virtual try-on based three-dimensional garment block design for disabled people of scoliosis type

This paper introduces a co-design-based method for generating two-dimensional (2D) block patterns for physically disabled people with scoliosis, using three-dimensional (3D) virtual technology. A parameterization process is first performed on a scanned 3D body for creating a digitalized model of the human body, permitting simulation of the consumer's morphological shape with atypical physical deformations. Feature points of the human body for designing a garment block are discussed and classified with wearing ease for obtaining a desired fit effect based on the parameterized model. A basic garment block wire-frame aligned with body features is then established based on the defined feature points of the human body. Based on the deformed wireframe, a 3D expandable garment block is modeled. Customized 2D and 3D virtual garment prototyping tools are applied to create customized garment products based on the general concept of co-design by running the sequence Design–Display–Evaluation–Adjustment using the garment design process and design knowledge, which have already been applied to normal body shapes successfully. Through this process, the classical 2D garment design knowledge, especially 2D pattern design rules, will be modified according to the virtual garment evaluation procedure. The proposed method is validated and compared with the conventional block patternmaking methods in the virtual environment. The experimental results show that the proposed method is easier to implement and can generate garment patterns with satisfactory fit. Furthermore, the method can be used to create fit-ensured mass-customized apparel products (the top body type) for disabled people with scoliosis.

Automatic alignment for virtual fitting using 3D garment stretching and human body relocation

In recent years, researches on virtual fitting are mostly based on the data of garment pieces through Computer Aided Design. However, three-dimensional garment models are more intuitive, integrated...

How can a box become a garment

ABSTRACTThis paper analyses the pedagogy connecting fashion students’ understanding of pattern making and garment construction through the project ‘How can a box become a garment’, implemented as an alternative novel approach for students new to pattern construction in how to transform 2D material into a 3D garment, creating unconventional shape and form. Using flattened boxes as a substitute for pattern pieces and working in pairs, students were briefed that there was no right or wrong response, but rather to focus on creating interesting 3D form. Working with a minimum of two boxes cut out in calico, students were encouraged to progress organically alternating between stitching random edges together and analysing the resulting shape on a mannequin until they deemed their garment complete. The research gathered highlights how alternative teaching approaches to creative pattern cutting can be complementary to traditional skills, in particular to students who find this area challenging.

3D fabric dynamic simulation based on Mapreduce

Purpose – In cloth animation field, the collision detection of fabric under external force is very complex, and difficult to satisfy the needs of reality feeling and real time. The purpose of this paper is to improve reality feeling and real-time requirement. Design/methodology/approach – This paper puts forward a mass-spring model with building bounding-box in the center of particle, and designs the collision detection algorithm based on Mapreduce. At the same time, a method is proposed to detect collision based on geometric unit. Findings – The method can quickly detect the intersection of particle and triangle, and then deal with collision response according to the physical characteristics of fabric. Experiment shows that the algorithm improves real-time and authenticity. Research limitations/implications – Experiments show that 3D fabric simulation can be more efficiency through parallel calculation model − Mapreduce. Practical implications – This method can improve the reality feeling, and reduce calculation quantity. Social implications – This collision-detection can be used into more fields such as 3D games, aero simulation training and garments automation. Originality/value – This model and method have originality, and can be used to 3D animation, digital entertainment, and garment industry.

An Approach of Clothes Appearance Comparison between True and Virtual Sewing

The technology of 3D garment virtual sewing has been developed for several decades, we proposed an approach to verify the virtual garments sewing effect. Here we took a sleeveless dress for our example, and the patterns of the dresses are made by expertise garment CAD software. The dresses patterns are used for two options. The first is for actual cutting and sewing. The second is for virtual sewing. The actual sleeveless dress is made by woolen fabric for our experiment. The parameters of the fabric mechanical properties in virtual sewing should be selected the same with the actual fabric. The fabric properties in this paper are mainly referred to shear property, tensile property and bearing property. We observe the surface shape of the finished dresses, compare the differences between the true and virtual sewing, and find the modified approach. Gray scale transformation and binary image processing are exploited for appearance comparison between real and simulated clothes sewn by the same 2D patterns. Folds and silhouettes comparison are main two features in our proposed approach. The sum of the squared differences is calculated for folds comparison, and the mismatches pixels are computed for silhouettes comparison. The aim of our research is proposed for forecasting the ready-made clothes which are made by given patterns, and check whether it is meet the requirement of the clients or not.

Development of lower bodice pattern for late-elementary obese-schoolgirls using 3D virtual garment simulation

The purpose of this study was to develop slacks patterns for obese-schoolgirls aged 10~12 by using a 3D virtual garment simulation system. The criteria for subjects in this study were girls who had a BMI of over . A total of 155 schoolgirls who met these criteria were enrolled. The results were as follows: First, by using 3D virtual garment simulation, a new slacks pattern considerate of obese-schoolgirls was developed. The basic numerical formulae were as follows: Front and back hip girth of H/4-0.5+1 and H/4+0.5+1.5, front waist girth of W/4+1+0.5, back waist girth of W/4+2+0.5, front crotch extension of H/16-0.5, back crotch extension of H/8-0.5, front dart amount of 1, and back dart amount of 2. Second, according to the new slacks pattern appearance evaluation, the new slacks pattern scored more highly than the existing pattern for silhouette and ease amount, confirming that the new slacks pattern is appropriate for obese-schoolgirls. Additionally, the new slacks pattern was evaluated allowing for the proper space length of the waist, abdomen and hips. This study is expected to serve as important basic data for ensuing studies that may utilize a 3D virtual garment simulation system with 2D patterns and for future 3D pattern production program development.

Development of lower bodice pattern for late-elementary obese-schoolgirls using 3D virtual garment simulation

Development of lower bodice pattern for late-elementary obese-schoolgirls using 3D virtual garment simulation

3D Garment Segmentation Based on Semi-supervised Learning Method

3D Garment Segmentation Based on Semi-supervised Learning Method

Human-Friendly Design of Virtual System “female Body-dress”

Abstract Recently, the development efforts focused on the computer simulation of garments, which depend on the material's physico-mechanical properties. It intends to achieve the best possible and realistic simulations of garments, which are available for pressure prediction. In this manner, 3D garment virtual technology improvements allow the visualization of pressure areas with values where the fabric might be too tight against the body. Although the purposes of simulation graphics were acceptable, the accuracy for apparel shaping is not enough to meet the needs of Virtual Prototyping and CAD utilization especially while the fabric properties system design was inadequate. Moreover, the existing pressure simulation is intended to simply predict the pressure index or how the textile deformation extend, which are deficient in real human's perception. In this research, the 3D shapes belonging to typical female bodies and dresses made of different fabrics were obtained by 3D body scanners (ScanWorX and TELMAT). Through reconstruction for the 3D torso shapes, the volumetric eases between body and dress were calculated by means of a software Rhinoceros. A new approach for the selection of textile properties based on the Kawabata Evaluation System (KES) was proposed to investigate its relations with dress shaping and pressure comfort. Finally, fabric properties tested by the KES-F system were compared with volumetric eases, objective pressure indexes and subjective comfort scores to reveal the relations how the fabric properties have impacts on dress outside shaping and inside pressure comfort of a female body. In this manner, the human-friendly CAD instead of mechanical approach existing before has been presented as a new approach to promote the construction of a realistic system for the 3D simulation optimization.

Virtual Fitting of a Skirt on a Parametric And A Scanned Body Model

Virtual prototyping is often used for animations and graphics; however it also has great advantages for garment industry such as minimizing the time and customization of the garment for individual customers. 3 D body scanners offer better simulation results than a parametric body model. The aim of this study is to see how a garment is simulated on a scanned body model and a parametric body model. In addition we wanted to see the real fit of a skirt on a wearer and compare it with its virtual fitting. Thus we generated two virtual body models: a scanned and a parametric model. Meanwhile we determined a skirt design and created 2D patterns according to the design. Finally the skirt is tailored and generated 2D patterns are used to develop 3D virtual garments. It is well-known that mechanical properties of a fabric have influence on the simulation results. Thus mechanical properties of the fabric are measured by using Fabric Analysis by Simple Testing (FAST) and these data are utilized to generate a simulated skirt. At the end live model is dressed with produced skirt and photographed. Real garment fit and their virtual fits are compared to see how satisfactory the garment simulations are. Currently there are many studies to improve the virtual garment images. This study helps to understand the fit differences between garment simulations on a scanned body model and a parametric body model as well as a chance to compare them with the real fit on a live model.

아동후기 비만여아의 상반신 원형 설계 - iVirds 3.0 PB 및 iVirds 3.0 DS 프로그램 적용 -

The aim of this study is to develop upper bodice pattern for obese girls aged 10~12 by using 3D virtual garment simulation system. The criteria for subjects in this study were girls who had over 1.46 of the R<TEX>$\ddot{o}$</TEX>hrer Index. A total of 229 schoolgirls who met these criteria were enrolled. The results of this study are as follows: First, by using 3D virtual garment simulation, new upper bodice pattern considered obese-schoolgirls was development. The basic numerical formula were as follows ; bust girth B/2+4.5, armhole depth B/4-1, waist girth W/4+0.5+dart amount, front chest width B/6+2, back width B/6+2, neck width B/12-0.5 and neck depth B/12+0.5. Second, armhole darts were added to compensate the loose amount of front armhole and dart manipulation was used to ensure a better appearance on armhole in the design. The dart side line was modified concavely to help cover the protruding stomach. Curved lines on the armhole were significantly relieved using dart manipulation and the darts side line was modified concavely to reduce the tightness around the front waist darts. Third, according to the results of the new upper bodice pattern's appearance evaluation, it estimated more highly than existing pattern in silhouette and ease amount, confirming that new upper bodice pattern was appropriate for the obese-schoolgirls. This study is expected to serve as one of important basic data for ensuing studies that may utilize 3D virtual garment simulation system with 2D patterns.

Design 3D garments for scanned human bodies

We present a 3D garment design method for scanned human bodies. First, a slicing method is proposed to reconstruct a symmetric body from a scanned human body to make it suitable for garment design. Second, a sketch modeling method is used to interactively create a garment surface based on the symmetric body. Third, seam lines are drawn on the garment surface, and then a flattening algorithm is employed to design 2D patterns. Finally, a seam line template is used to design the same style of garments for different bodies. Experiments show that the resulting garment fits the scanned body well. Our method provides an efficient design tool for customizing garments in the fashion industry.

Modeling 3D garments by examples

3D garments are created by assembling 2D patterns on human models in current mainstream garment modeling methods, which usually calls for professional design skills. The high coupling between the 2D pattern making and 3D garment design blocks the designers’ creations. In this paper, a novel approach that decouples the high coupling between garment design and pattern making is proposed. Our approach is examples based. 3D new garment models are created on individual human models by compositing 3D parts from garment examples rather than 2D patterns. The main benefit of our approach is that it is easy to operate and capable to create elegant individualized garments with highly detailed geometries. Garment prototypes represented in Coons surface automatically generated from individual human models are used to guide the garment parts composition and locally parameterize the garment parts. With the local parameterization, the garment parts and the newly created garment models can be interactively edited by altering the parametric curves on the garment prototypes. Our approach makes it possible for both the designers and the common customers to express their creations and imaginations conveniently in a 3D graphical way.

20~30대 저체중 성인여성의 토르소원형 설계 - Clo 3D 프로그램 적용 사례 -

The purpose of this study was to develop torso pattern of underweight female in their 20s~30s by using Clo 3D virtual garment simulation system. The results were as follows; first, as a result of analyzing torso somatotype, underweight women showed lower average than average values of whole women in their twenties and thirties in the items such as length, width, circumference, thickness except for height. Second, by using 3D virtual garment simulation, new torso pattern considered underweight female was development. The basic numerical formula were as follows ; bust girth B/2+3.5, armhole depth B/4+0.5, front waist girth W/4+0.5+0.7, back waist girth W/4+0.5-0.7, front hip girth H/4+1+0.5, back hip girth H/4+1-0.5, chest width B/6+3.1, back width B/6+4.5, neck width B/12+0.2 and neck depth B/12+1.7. Third, by reducing hollowed amount of front, back, and side line, and hollowed amount of back center line, the reduced quantity was included to darts amount. Number of dart was adjusted to two pieces so that darts amount was equally distributed to two darts. Forth, according to the results of the new torso pattern's appearance evaluation, it estimated more highly than existing pattern in silhouette and ease amount, confirming that new torso pattern was appropriate for the underweight women. This study is expected to serve as one of important basic data for ensuing studies that may utilize 3D virtual garment simulation system with 2D patterns, and also for future 3D pattern production program development.

가상착의 시뮬레이션을 이용한 소매 오그림량 배분에 따른 외관평가

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to quantitatively analyze the impacts of the distribution of easing contraction of the sleeve on the external appearance of bodice and sleeve through virtual clothing simulation. Virtual clothing is conducted by differentiating the sleeve easing in accordance with the experimental condition of bodice and sleeve that are followed by draping. And then the evaluation is carried out. As a result of an analysis of the similarity between the virtual garment and the actual clothing, the whole external appearance of the bodice and sleeve was expressed similarly. The external appearance according to the distribution of easing contraction got better as the easing contraction of sleeve was concentrated on sleeve cap in front while the appearance was better at the back as it was more gently distributed than in the front. In a comparison of armhole form, the clothing of which the top of it was most similar to S0 was S4 in which the gap between the armhole and the arm was the least and the front and rear silhouette fell relatively well. In a comparison between the position of bust circumference line and that of the sleeve base line, the front of the sleeve matched the bust circumference line as the easing contraction was distributed close to the center of the sleeve cap while in the back, the sleeve base line and the bust circumference line matched when some easing contraction ratio was added close to the armpit point. The cross section figures of garment space of the shoulder, the margin was evenly distributed in S4 or S5 with differing distributions of easing contraction in the front and the back. This study is significant in that it supplies the objective baseline data which makes a novice more able to make a good external appearance of the sleeve.Key words: 3D virtual garment simulation, sleeve appearance, easing contraction

Topology-independent 3D garment fitting for virtual clothing

]Using computer-aided design system to design an elegant 3D garment for a virtual human is often tedious and labor-intensive. Moreover, the garment is usually designed for a reference human model a...