Un caso studio di arte pubblica: Flavio Favelli e il murale Luigi Marulla a Cosenza

Deli Indah Estate is located on Jl. Deli Indah II, Medan was built in 1976. In this housing complex, there are many commercial functions such as schools, markets, and others. This housing is close to various public facilities, making it easier for residents to carry out their activities. There is an interesting thing in this Deli Indah Estate, the housing is integrated with the commercial function (public space), which is the market. The purpose of this study was to find out the characteristics of visitors, activities carried out by users of public spaces and finding elements forming public spaces that are applied to public housing spaces (markets). In process of collecting data, researchers conducted observations and distributing questionnaires to visitors. The variables that will be used in this study are the characteristics of visitors, types of activities in open public spaces and elements that form good public spaces. After collecting all data, this data will be analyzed using descriptive analysis method. From the results of data analysis, researchers will describe the characteristics of users of public space, user’s activities in public housing spaces, and elements that form a public space that is applied to public housing spaces (markets).

The revitalization and renewal of existing urban space is a primary objective in the redevelopment of high-density transit-oriented development (TOD) areas. In this context, offering incentive zoning bonuses is a critical tool for optimizing urban space. However, in some subway-adjacent plots with high building densities, traditional incentive zoning methods face limitations due to insufficient horizontal space. These areas increasingly rely on multi-ground public spaces to balance density with public services. This study investigates new methods of incentive zoning between commercial areas and public spaces in multi-ground public spaces within subway-adjacent plots, using 33 rail transit complexes in Shanghai, China, as the research subject. The findings are presented in the form of visual guidelines to provide guidance on architectural control, with the goal of enhancing the quality of urban public spaces. In this research, a multiple linear regression model is employed, using GNCS_AR (the ratio of ground non-commercial stay to area), which captures both efficiency and equity in public space quality, as the dependent variable. A model is developed in SPSS, incorporating independent variables such as TCA (total commercial area), POS (public open space area), PIS (public indoor space area), and MGZFs (multi-ground zoned floors). This model provides a framework for developers to manage and control public space in multi-ground settings within rail transit complexes. Research has found that MGZFs alone cannot be included as the independent variable in the model, as their absence leaves the model unable to explain three-dimensional spaces. However, incorporating the ratio of RIOPS (the ratio of indoor to outdoor public space) to MGZFs significantly improves the model’s correlation and explanatory capacity. The resulting model demonstrates that, under different POS and MGZF tiers, the influence of PIS and TCA on public space quality varies. Using a typological approach, the study categorizes these complexes into five tiers based on POS and MGZFs. Within the same tier, changes in PIS and TCA types lead to variations in public space quality. The empirical results are translated into diagrams that link data, forms, and indicators to guide the development of three-dimensional spaces. These diagrams, which can be named visual guidelines, provide practical guidelines for optimizing public spaces in these subway-adjacent plots.

For half a century, continuous political and economic challenges in Khartoum, Sudan have perpetuated social inequity in the urban environment across generations. Poor-quality informal public open spaces compensate for the absence of accessible developed public spaces for the urban poor. Although there is a high supply and distribution of public open spaces within low-income neighbourhoods, yet, they are hardly noticed as a development opportunity for enhancing an aspect of life quality. Thus, this paper attempts to utilise the above-mentioned possibility by asking the question of how can public open spaces in low-income neighbourhoods be utilised? Aiming to identify suitable strategies of improvement. Through an exploratory investigation with an inductive component on public open spaces in developing countries, with Khartoum State in Sudan as a focal point, the methods are based on observations, desk research, literature review, and analysis of case studies. Furthermore, by highlighting the importance of public open spaces to individuals and local communities in the literature review, this study generates an Integrated Tri-pillar Framework (ITF) that is based on society, built environment, and economy to define overlapping contextual placemaking approaches and strategies for improving neighbourhood public open spaces in developing countries like Sudan. The framework links theory to practise, and is mobilised through analysing and interpreting analogous case studies on the success of public open spaces in African cities that share similarities in context with Khartoum, Sudan. The analysis hints at the possibility of empowering groups to take control in shaping their surrounding environment could lead to a greater sense of ownership and responsibility towards public spaces, potentially contributing to the creation of more active inclusive spaces. Finally, this study attempts to add to the limited academic work on this topic in Sudan, and concludes with holistic recommendations for upgrading public open spaces at the neighbourhood level.

There is a strong connection between public spaces and the quality of residential areas. Public spaces are essential elements for enhancing the livability of a city. However, not all public spaces are successfully playing its role in this case. Using Dammam city, Saudi Arabia as a case study, this paper examines how public spaces can impact the quality of life of its residents. A survey on a sample of residents of eight central districts of the city was conducted to explore their satisfaction with public residential spaces and its impact on their lives. Most respondents are reportedly considering changing residences due to the problems with current neighborhood public spaces. The result of this survey revealed that public residential spaces in central districts of Dammam need improvement to provide a better living environment to its residents. This study proposes some suggestions and recommendations for the relevant authority

The development of a town center in an effort to improve the quality of the social environment and community can be seen from the existence of public open space and how much use, because the future availability of public open space will be increasingly difficult to obtain , so it is important to plan the existing public spaces being lost due to lack of use the space for the community and the surrounding environment. This research took a case study in the Malang Merdeka square. Where the condition of Malang Merdeka square current arrangement functioned more as a green open space in the city center of the space to accommodate its use as a public activity. For that we need a physical setting arrangement square that can function either as a green space and can accommodate the public in the city center . This study aims to identify determinants of physical activity in the setting of public open space. The foundation of the theory used in this study is public open space , behavior settings , environment and behavior . The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative . The subjects were the main users - Malang Merdeka square , the data collection method using a place - centered and person- centered mapping mapping . The results showed that the arrangement of the physical setting in a public space , can affect the behavior of the user in the activity in the square - square . Keywords : Behavior, Utilization, Physical Setting, Public open space .

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to demonstrate the roles of public spaces in promoting community relations and sense of place in a coastal community, which are both important elements of sustainable community development. This study investigated how activities in public spaces can foster community relations, thereby affecting sense of place, and described how public spaces are used by local residents.Design/methodology/approachThe Ban-Chaytalae community in the coastal area of Samutsakorn province, Thailand, was selected as a case study. This community has plentiful wetland resources, which provide various benefits for local people, and several areas in the community are used as public spaces for various activities, such as social interactions, recreation, sports, learning activities and cultural and traditional practices. In-depth interviews with residents in the community were conducted, and a questionnaire was administered in the Ban-Chaytalae community during August-December 2017.FindingsThe results of content analysis revealed that several places in the community are utilised as public spaces, including shrines, commercial shops, transportation routes, the coast and spaces between homes. Moreover, the results of path analysis revealed that engaging in cultural, traditional, community development and socialising activities had direct effects on residents’ sense of place and indirect effects on sense of place through community relations.Research limitations/implicationsThe study findings implied that land development policy should avoid the deterioration of public places, and furthermore, public spaces should be developed to facilitate activities that can strengthen the active roles of citizens in sustainable community development.Originality/valueThis study provided empirical evidence on the role of public activities and spaces in promoting community relations and sense of place. The study results imply that the quality and quantity of public spaces where cultural, socialising and community development activities are performed should be conserved. Any development that might change these public spaces has the potential to affect people’s ways of living, which, in turn, influences social relationships and sense of place.

Public spaces should be for all. It is thus crucial to study whether inclusiveness is effectively considered in public space design so that different kinds of users are equally able to enjoy the convenience and welfare provided by such spaces. Governments and welfare associations have indeed recognized the importance of inclusiveness in public spaces, and considerable progress has been made in the design of such spaces for physically disabled persons. However, current inclusive designs do not sufficiently address the difficulties faced by people with sensory disabilities, especially those with visual impairment. Through a case study of public open spaces in Beijing, Hong Kong, and Taipei, this chapter examines the inclusiveness of public open spaces and the current issue of exclusion of the visually impaired persons. It discusses the need for synchronization between policy makers, designers, facility management teams and users at different stage of work, so they can design and offer truly inclusive public open spaces to visually impaired persons.

This article investigates architectural responses to everyday sociospatial practices in public spaces in the postconflict urban landscape of Belfast, where public buildings and façades impact pedestrian flows and movement patterns in the public space. While the city has an extended history of vibrant public spaces and active urban life throughout the first half of the twentieth century, devastating memories of the so-called Troubles leave imprints of division across the city’s public spaces. Inscribed by memories of conflict and violence, ground floor façades are mainly solid, disengaging, and do not encourage fluid movement across their thresholds. This article argues that the architectural design of public buildings and spaces characterise attributes of a reciprocal reproduction of memories of fear. A comparative analysis of the architecture of four different public spaces in Belfast city centre highlights factors that inform the relationship between the building façades, ease of accessibility, and use of the public space.

The authors consider the problem of urban planning regulation of public open spaces from the perspective of their dominant role in the formation of a holistic socio-cultural structure of a city. Relevance of the study is determined by the modern demand for comfortable urban environment of the public open spaces, which has become the global urban planning trend in recent decades. The modern approach, promoted in the UN Charter and in federal and regional strategic development programs is aimed at increasing the emotional attachment of people to a place of living and fostering a sense of community. The improvement of public spaces should be based on the historical and cultural context, natural features, and the identity of a place. The implementation of numerous projects all over the country has revealed the flaws of urban planning regulations. This fact stimulated the emergence of targeted contests of applied research aimed at the development of new national and local regulations, standard architectural solutions which would provide high-quality development of the urban environment. Analysis of the approaches to public open space development reveals current trends in their planning regulation, which are considered in separate sections of the article. The first section explores the mechanisms which regulate the improvement of urban historical and cultural sites. It touches upon the problems of preservation of cultural heritage and the identification of landmark places. It also considers examples of the urban planning regulations for the areas of “historical urban regeneration” (Dresden, Ivanovo, Arkhangelsk, Voronezh, Belgorod) and the examples of completed projects in Siberian cities (Yeniseisk, Krasnoyarsk, Tomsk, Irkutsk). The second section is devoted to the identification and preservation of unique natural elements and images of a place through the urban landscape zoning. Different approaches to solving issues of improvement and humanization of the living environment are considered using examples of Berlin, Paris, London, Moscow, Krasnoyarsk. The third section presents a comparative analysis of existing Russian and foreign regulatory documents aimed at creating an environment of public open spaces in urbanized areas of a city. Of particular interest here are the methods of regulation that take into account functional content, development morphology, remoteness from city center, natural and socio-cultural characteristics, as well as those aimed at protecting the wildlife (Seattle, New York, Toronto, London, Victoria Australia). The socio-cultural phenomenon of public open spaces highlights the fundamental relationship between the quality of spatial environment and human consciousness, behavior, way of life. Therefore, a tailored approach to the creation of architectural and landscape planning regulations will allow to treat each public space substantively, preserving and maintaining the identity of the historical and cultural environment of a place.

Tactical urbanism (TU) is frequently used as an interim or low-cost solution to tackle a design-related problem in public space. As the importance of good-designed public open space for mental health now realized significantly during the pandemic, the need for a tool to keep health protocol followed in public space is imperative. The modification of public spaces is applied in several cases to guide people’s behaviour and interaction within public space under health protocol submission. This paper tried to analyse the application of TU to combat COVID-19 transmission on public space by using case study and systematic literature review from applied cases worldwide. The cases are categorized based on the problem identification and interventions conducted on urban design elements. It is found that the application of TU can be assembled into health protocol requirements-driven and accommodation of COVID-19-related policies externalities. The outcome of this paper could be used as an issue-based urban design precedent on COVID-19-related tactical urbanism interventions.

The paper deals with public spaces as open, everyday arenas where people share experiences beyond their immediate circle of friends, family and age group. Public space is understood as a forum for social and personal change (Harvey, 2011; Lefebvre, 2013; Arendt, 1996; Habermas, 1989; 2001). Questions are analysed from the point of view of community members, who are strongly attached to the space and who are interested in belonging and in proactive changes in their living environment (Iecovich, 2014; Kohn 2004; Mean and Tims, 2005). The paper is based on the presumptions that public space has an important role in generating ideas and activities of community members and that it is an important venue for community members’ informal learning. Ethnomethodological research in two public spaces (the Tabor community in Ljubljana and a small community in the coastal town of Izola) show that there are differences between both public spaces regarding top-down initiatives and bottom-up, self-organized activities. However, although the activity initiators were in one case different associations rooted in the community, and in the other the local people themselves, most of the activities were conducted by people living in the selected communities/public spaces themselves as is typical of grassroots activities. It was confirmed that learning was not often mentioned by members of either community and was mostly a hidden activity, resulting in tacit knowledge.

Pedestrian accessibility of public space is a crucial basis for ensuring public equality in sharing resources and enhancing spatial vitality and utilization efficiency. This research applied complex network theory to examine pedestrian accessibility in industrial heritage renovated public spaces, integrating the node efficiency model with an improved gravity model to propose the node accessibility model. By taking Xi’an Banpo International Art District as a case study, 13 public spaces were selected and categorized into categories to identify the current characteristics and key deficiencies. The results showed that public space pedestrian accessibility shows a positive correlation with the quality of the spaces, though individual nodes may deviate due to network effects. Correlation analyses indicated that an appropriate road setting in public spaces contributed to positive pedestrian accessibility of the whole district; however, poor spatial environment and lack of arts and cultural atmosphere were key reasons for low pedestrian accessibility. In response, four strategies for improving the pedestrian accessibility of public spaces in industrial heritage renovated districts were proposed, which included industrialization of public transport space, peripheral space integration, entrance space transition, and internal space enhancement. This study provides scientific methodology and theoretical guidance for the optimization of public space in industrial heritage renovated projects and contributes new insights into industrial heritage preservation and urban space renewal.

This paper examines the debate over the place of “companion animal” public space in China’s cities. With the COVID-19 outbreak, this debate has entered a new phase, where the social response to the outbreak may have fundamentally changed the public’s use and perception of “companion animal” public and pseudo-public space. This paper combines quantitative and qualitative analysis of posts and comments on two of China’s largest social media platforms with a big data approach, based on a case study in Beijing, China. There were statistically significant differences in the perception and use of “companion animal” public spaces and pseudo-public spaces before and after the pandemic. We attribute the impact of the pandemic on “companion animal” spaces to three pathways: changes in opportunity, changes in ability, and changes in motivation. We found that the pandemic led to an increase in the amount of time available to some people but a decrease in the amount of “companion animal” public space available due to the pandemic closure. In addition, the use of “companion animal” public spaces in pseudo-public spaces declined, while those located within the open urban green space on the city’s outskirts stood out after the outbreak. With the normalisation of the pandemic, there will be new challenges for the development and operation of companion-animal-related public spaces in cities, which will be the next focus of research. In addition, governments and social media should work together to promote and support sustainable animal ethical practices to better respond to the crisis. These findings will help complement the urban services system and guide future planning, design, and evaluation of related spaces.

Public spaces in a planned housing is a place of social interaction for every visitor of public space. The research on public space image uses four public spaces that meet the criteria of public space such as pedestrian sidewalks, public park, water front and worship place. Research on the perception of public space is interesting to investigate because housing development is part of the forming of a society that should design with proper architectural considerations. The purpose of this research is to know the image of public space on the planned housing in Medan City based on the mapping of environmental and behavior cognition and to know the difference between the image that happened to four group respondent. The research method of architecture used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method with case study approach (most similar case). Analysis of data used using mental maps and questionnaires. Then the image of public space is formed based on the elements of public space, wayfinding, route choice, and movement. The image difference that occurs to the housing residents and architecture students, design and planning are outstanding, visitors to the public housing space is good, people who have never visited the public space is inadequate.

As new forms of public space emerge and the distinction between public and private space is increasingly blurred, the notion of hybrid space has come to light. It encompasses different kinds of public, semi-public, semi-private and private spaces. The proliferation of hybrid space across cities raises an important question as to whether they are public spaces and if so, how public are they? This paper aims to examine the publicness of privately owned public space/s (POPS). POPS are a popular mechanism to provide public spaces, however little is known about their quality. Empirical research using three case studies in Hamburg, Germany, was carried out to understand the publicness of these spaces and qualities that impact this. Through applying the OMAI model – an acronym for ownership, management, accessibility and inclusiveness – key attributes that impact the publicness of the studied POPS are revealed. The lack of private management, use of rights-of-way, inclusion of amenities, the role of public agencies, and transparency regarding ownership affect the publicness of these POPS. Based on the analysis, recommendations are provided so that POPS can functionally integrate with the broader open space network and make a positive contribution to the city overall.