Abstract

This chapter discusses the detection and distribution of membrane glycoproteins. The membrane surrounding cells can be readily defined in electron micrographs of thin sections. The total structure of the unit membrane is typically 8-10 nm thick overall, although wide deviations occur. The variation in thickness is related to chemical composition then membrane models showing a uniform distribution of membrane components, lipids and proteins, over the total surface are difficult to reconcile with the electron microscopic evidence. The proposition of a compositional difference between the two sides of a membrane is implicit in older models and the newer ‘fluid mosaic’ model. The chemical evidence for localization of complex carbohydrates at cell surfaces or in intracellular membranes is of two types: direct sugar analysis on purified membrane fractions, and release of sugars from intact cells or membranes by means of specific glycosidases. The approach of using specific glycosidases to remove sugars either from cells or from isolated membranes is limited by the availability of enzymes.

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