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Abstract
This chapter discusses the role of membrane glycoproteins as antigens. The nature of the antigens present on cell surfaces is uncertain, although it is agreed that a large part of the ABH determinants expressed at the surface of erythrocytes are part of membrane glycolipids. The availability of isoantibodies that are specific for the A or B determinant and are assumed accurately to define particular heterosaccharide sequences, allows a general survey to be made of the distribution of these carbohydrate units on cells of different types. In general, H, A or B substances are found on the surface of epithelial and endothelial cells, as well as mucus-secreting apparatus and various organs of secretion. Whenever the instability of the A and B determinants is observed in long-term cultures, the underlying structure of the H determinant appears to be stable. The inability of cells in long-term cultures to complete the synthesis of complex carbohydrate chains is correlated with the transformation of these cells into lines with unlimited growth potential.
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