Triticale selection lines yield’s level and its structural elements in the middle Amur river region

Abstract

The studies were carried out in 2020-2022 at the Far Eastern Research Institute of Agriculture (Khabarovsk Territory). The object of study is breeding lines of spring triticale. Agrometeorological conditions differed by years: 2020 - within the average multi-year values, 2021 - high temperatures of the surface air layer and lack of moisture, 2022 - excessive waterlogging. As a result of the research, breeding lines of spring triticale were identified according to grain yield (38.0-45.4 c/ha) - 102-20, 103-20, 104-20, 105-20, 106-20, 107-20, 109- 20, 116-20, 178-20, 184-20, 185-20, 190-20, 196-20, 208-20, 212-20, 217-20, 218-20. In the soil and climatic conditions of the Middle Amur region, samples 102-20, 103-20, 105-20, 116-20, 117-20, 118-20, 119-20, 122-20, 123-20, 134-20, 178- 20, 257-20, 258-20 formed a stable productivity over the years (V˂10 %). The indicator of productive tillering ranged from 1.6 to 3.4 plants according to the samples. Breeding lines of spring triticale 125-20, 184-20 with the maximum number of grains per ear (52-53 pieces) were marked. On average, over the years of research, all samples (except line 105-20) exceeded the standard variety Ukro in terms of grain weight per ear (1.58-2.27 g). In terms of the weight of 1000 grains, 73 % of the samples exceeded the standard variety Ukro by 0.4-9.8 g. A high correlation coefficient was established between the formation of yield and the productive tillering of triticale plants (r = 0.89). The number and weight of seeds of triticale genotypes in the conditions of the region correlate to an average degree (r=0.63). The amount of grain from the main ear and its weight are weakly correlated with the weight of 1000 grains (r= -0.41 and r=0.43, respectively).