Screening of raw material for a spring soft wheat selection in the Middle Volga region conditions

Abstract

The results of the study of 300 samples of spring soft wheat from a collection nursery with different ecological and geographical origin by identifying genetic sources with signs - precocity, short stemmed, coarse grained in the conditions of the Middle Volga region are presented. The research was carried out in 2019-2021 in the forest-steppe zone of the Samara region. The growing seasons during the years of research were quite arid: the hydrothermal coefficient in 2019 was 0.48, in 2020 - 0.52, in 2021 - 0.39 with an average annual value of 0.73. The study of the source material was carried out according to the methodology of the state variety testing and the methodological recommendations of the VIR. According to the results of the study, genetic sources of precocity were identified: Ural'skaya Kukushka, Chelyaba Rannyaya (Chelyabinsk region), Rifor 1, Rifor 6 (Leningrad region), Odeta, Libertina (Czech Republic), Chi Mai 1 (China); short stemmed: KWS Jetstream (Germany), Eleganza, Florens (France), Odeta, Libertina, Septima (Czech Republic), KWS Torridon (Great Britain), VZ-602 (Mexico), Iona (USA), Boett (Sweden), Long Fu 13 (China); coarse grains: Lutescens 6074/6-23 (Kinel), Ehkada 214, Ulyanovskaya 101, Burlak (Ulyanovsk), Saratovskaya 70 (Saratov), Chi Mai 1 (China). In turn, the samples Lutescens 6074/6-23, Ehkada 214, Burlak, in addition to high values of the mass of 1000 grains, had high yields during the years of research. The highest grain productivity was distinguished by samples of local breeding created in recent years - Kinelskaya Yubileynaya, Kinelskaya Zarya, Kinelskaya Zvezda, Kinelskaya 2020, Kinelskaya Volna, Lutescens 6074/6-23, Erythrospermum 6517/24-1, varieties of Bezenchyk selection - Tulaykovskaya 108, Tulaykovskaya 116, as well as Saratov selection - Saratovskaya 73, Saratovskaya 74, Albidum 33 and Ulyanovsk selection - Burlak, Ulyanovskaya 100. The selected genetic sources of valuable traits are recommended to be used as parental forms in breeding programs of crossing in the conditions of the Middle Volga region.