Abstract
ABSTRACT This paper explains the creation and use of upper chamber in addressing the problem of representation. Ethiopia, Turkey and Iran are chosen for this comparative analysis because they are similar in terms of diversity. The issue of representation in both lower and upper chambers is an agenda of representative democracy. In fact, the role and necessity for the upper chamber varies country to country. Countries like UK, the USA, India, Russia and Ethiopia are the premier examples of a bicameral parliament whereas Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Israel and Turkey (since 1982) are examples of unicameral. Functionally, ensuring the geographical representation of diverse interests and interpreting the constitution. Usually, the upper chamber is appointed and this leads to lack of direct responsibility and accountability to the people whom they represent. This paper examines the role of the upper chamber in Ethiopia (1991–2015), Iran (until 1979 Islamic Revolution) and Turkey (1961–1980).
Published Version
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